Scope note:	This property defines the coordinate reference
  system in terms of which a geometric place expression is
  formulated.


Scope note:	This class comprises the (typically Euclidian)
  Space (S) that is at rest (I) in relation to an instance of E18
  Physical Thing and extends (U) infinitely beyond it. It is the space
  in which we typically expect things to stay in place if no
  particular natural or human distortion processes occur. This
  definition requires that at least essential parts of the respective
  physical thing have a stability of form. The degree of this
  stability (e.g., elastic deformation of a ship on sea, landslides,
  geological deformations) limits the precision to which an instance
  of SP3 Reference Space is defined. It is possible to construct types
  of (non Euclidian) reference spaces which adapt to elastic
  deformations or have other geometric and dynamic properties to adapt
  to changes of form of the reference object, but they are of rare
  utility in the cultural-historical discourse. [ØE11]
An instance of SP3 Reference Space begins to exist with the largest
  thing that is at rest in it and ceases to exist with its E6
  Destruction[ØE12]. If other things are at rest in the same space and
  their time-span of existence falls within the one of the reference
  object, they share the same reference space (I). It has therefore
  the same temporal extent (time-span of existence) as the whole of
  the E18 Physical Things it is at rest with (E).
Examples:
• The Space inside and around H.M.S. Victory while it is moving
  through the Atlantic Ocean
• The Space inside and around the Eurasian Continental Plate
• The Space inside and around the Earth
• The Space inside and around the Solar system


Scope note:	This class compromises systems that are used
  to describe locations in a SP3 Reference Space (S). An instance of
  SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System is composed of two parts:
  The first is a Coordinate System which is a set of coordinate axes
  with specified units of measurement and axis directions. The second
  part is a set of reference features at rest in the Reference Space
  it describes in the real world that relate the Coordinate System to
  real world locations (U) and fix it with respect to the reference
  object of its Reference Space .
In surveying and geodesy, instance of SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference
  System are called a datum. In the case of spatial coordinate
  reference systems for the earth the datum consists of the reference
  points and an ellipsoid that approximates the shape of the
  earth. National systems often use ellipsoids that approximate their
  territory best and shift them in an appropriate position relative to
  the earth while WGS84 is an ellipsoid for the whole earth and used
  in GPS receivers. In engineering a datum is a reference feature of
  an object used to create a reference system for measurement.The set
  of reference features in the real world are subset of E26 Physical
  Feature that are within the described reference space at rest and
  pertain to the E18 Physical Thing the reference space is at rest
  with.
SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference Systems have a validity for a certain
  spatial extent of the SP3 Reference Space and in addition a temporal
  validity. The combination of coordinate reference system and datum
  provides a unique identity (I). SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference
  Systems may be defined for the earth, moving objects like planes or
  ships, linear features like boreholes or local systems. If there is
  a standardised identifier system available, such as EPSG codes, it
  should be used.
Examples:
• Longitude-Latitude(ellipsoidal Coordinate System) in WGS84 (Datum)
• EPSG 3241
• the coordinate system to describe locations on H.M.S. Victory taking
  the deck foundation of the middle mast as origin, the mast as z
  axis, the line at right angle to the bow line as x axis and a right
  angle to both as y axis.
• The printed lines of the millimeter paper on which an archaeological
  feature is drawn


Scope note: 	This class comprises ....(to be elaborated further)
  Equivalent to:	http://www.opengis.net/ont/geosparql#Geometry
  (geosparql)


Scope note: 	This class comprises instances of SP8
  Spacetime Volumes (S) whose temporal and spatial extent (U) and
  position is defined by a SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression. There is
  one implicit or explicit SP3 Reference Space in which the SP12
  Spacetime Volume Expression describes the intended Spacetime
  Volume. As we restrict the model to Galilean physics and explicitly
  exclude systems with velocities close to the speed of light we do
  not model a “Reference Time” as it would be necessary for
  relativistic physics. This implies that there is only one Reference
  Time.
Even though SP12 Spacetime Volume Expressions have an unlimited
  precision, measurement devices and the precision of the position of
  reference features relating the SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference
  System to a SP3 Reference Space impose limitations to the
  determination of the spatial part of a SP7 Declarative Spacetime
  Volume in the real world (U).
The same limitation to precision is true for the temporal part of a
  SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume due to precision of time
  measurement devices and of the determination of the reference event
  of a SP11 Temporal Reference System.
Several SP12 Spacetime Volume Expressions may denote the same
  SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volume if their precision falls within the
  same range (I).
Instances of SP7 Declarative Spacetime Volumes may be used to
  approximate instances of SP8 Spacetime Volumes or parts of
  them. They may as well be used to define the spatial and temporal
  extent of property rights or national borders.

Examples:
•	the spacetime volume defined by a polygon approximating the
   Danube river flood in Austria between 6th and 9th of August 2002
•	the spacetime volume of the Orinoco river in 1529 defined in
   the map of Diego Ribeiro in 1529
•	the spacetime volume representing the boundaries of the UK
   from 1900-1950


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of SP14
  Time Expression with the instance of SP10 Declarative Time Span it
  defines. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result
  in multiple instances of SP14 Time Expression defining exactly the
  same time span. Transformations between different temporal reference
  systems in general result in new definitions of time spans
  approximating each other.


Scope note: 	This class comprises definitions of temporal
  extents by quantitative expressions(S). An instance of SP14 Time
  Expression defines a declarative temporal interval using a temporal
  reference system. The identity of a SP14 Time Expression is based on
  its script or symbolic form (I). Several SP14 Time Expressions can
  denote the same SP10 Declarative Time Interval.
Instances of SP14 Time Expression that exist in one SP11 Temporal
  Reference System can be transformed to time expressions in other
  SP11 Temporal Reference Systems if there is a known and valid
  transformation.

Examples:
•	Temporal information in GML
   <gml:validTime><gml:TimeInstant>
   <gml:timePosition>2005-11-28T13:00:00Z</gml:timePosition>
   </gml:TimeInstant></gml:validTime>
•	1961
•	From 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996
•	14h30 – 16h22 4th July 1945
•	9.30 am 1.1.1999 to 2.00 pm 1.1.1999


Scope note: 	This property describes the temporal
  projection of an instance of a SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume. The
  property P4 has time-span is a shortcut of the more fully developed
  path from E4 Period through Q1 occupied, SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime
  Volume Q3 has temporal projection to E52 Time Span.


Scope note:	This property describes the spatial projection
  of an instance of a SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume on an instance
  of SP2 Phenomenal Place. Even though the projection of a spacetime
  volume to one instance of SP3 Reference Space is unique, each
  reference space gives rise to another projection. The projections
  overlap at the time of the spacetime volume, the respective
  instances of SP2 Phenomenal Place may later drift apart, or earlier
  be yet apart.
The property P7 took place at is a shortcut of the more fully
  developed path from E4 Period through Q1 occupied, SP1 Phenomenal
  Spacetime Volume Q4 has spatial projection to SP2 Phenomenal
  Place.


Scope note:	This property defines the temporal reference system in
  terms of which an SP14 Time Expression is formulated.


Scope note:     	This class comprises instances of SP9 Time
  Intervals that represent the Time Span defined by a SP 14 Time
  Expression. Thus they derive their identity through an expression
  defining an extent in time. Even though SP10 Declarative Time Spans
  have an unlimited precision, measurement devices and the possible
  precision within the SP11 Temporal Reference System impose
  limitations to the determination of a SP10 Declarative Time
  Span. The accuracy of a SP10 Declarative Time Spans depends upon the
  documentation and measurement method.
SP10 Declarative Time Spans may be used to approximate actual
  (phenomenal) Time-Spans of temporal entities.

Examples:
•	Extent in time defined by the expression “1961”
•	Extent in time defined by the expression “From 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996”
•	Extent in time defined by the expression “14h30 – 16h22 4th
   July 1945”


Scope note:	This property defines the spatial coordinate
  reference system in terms of which a SP12 Spacetime Volume
  Expression is formulated.


Scope note: This class comprises instances of E53 Place (S) whose
  extent (U) and position is defined by the spatial projection of the
  spatiotemporal extent of a real world phenomenon that can be
  observed or measured. The spatial projection depends on the instance
  of S3 Reference Space onto which the extent of the phenomenon is
  projected. In general, there are no limitations to the number of
  Reference Spaces one could regard, but only few choices are relevant
  for the cultural-historical discourse. Typical for the
  archaeological discourse is to choose a reference space with respect
  to which the remains of some events would stay at the same place,
  for instance, relative to the bedrock of a continental plate. On the
  other side, for the citizenship of babies born in aeroplanes, the
  space in which the boundaries of the overflown state are defined may
  be relevant (I). Instances of SP2 Phenomenal Place exist as long as
  the respective reference space is defined. Note that we can talk in
  particular about what was at a place in a country before a city was
  built there, i.e., before the time the event occurred by which the
  place is defined, but we cannot talk about the place of earth before
  it came into existence due to lack of a reasonable reference space
  (E).
Examples:
• The place where the murder of Ceasar happened
• Place on H.M.S. Victory at which Nelson died
• The Place of the Varus Battle
• The volume in space of my vine glass
• The place the H.M.S Victory occupied over the seafloor when Nelson died
• The space enclosed by this room
• The space in borehole Nr. 405


Scope note:	This class compromises systems(S) that are
  used to describe positions and extents in a Reference Time. If
  relativistic effects are negligible in the wider spacetime area of
  interest and the speeds of associated things, then there is only one
  unique global reference time. The typical way to measure time is to
  count the cycles of a periodic process for which we have a
  hypothesis of constant frequency, such as oscillations of a crystal,
  molecular arrangement, rotation of earth around itself or around the
  sun. The origin for a Temporal Reference System is fixed on a
  reference event. As long as the number of cycles passed from that
  reference event until now are known, the temporal reference system
  exists (E) and expressions in this Reference System can be
  interpreted with respect to the Reference Time.
A temporal reference system represents time as a continuous linear
  interpolation over the infinit series of cycles extended from the
  reference event to he past and the future, regardless of the
  temporal position of the mathematical point zero of an instance of
  E61 Time Primitive, such for instance the gregorian calender begins
  with the event an arbitrary positiong the point zero as beeing the
  date of the „Birth of Christ“. The actual date of birth of christ is
  regarded to be unknown and therefor is not the reference event.
The identity of a Temporal Reference System is defined through the
  type of periodic process it is based on, the reference event and
  through the distance of the reference event to the position of the
  mathematical point zero (I).
A value in the Reference Time is a temporal position measured relative
  to a temporal reference system. ISO 8601 specifies the use of the
  Gregorian Calendar and 24 hour local or Coordinated Universal Time
  (UTC) for information interchange.
In ISO 19108 three common types of temporal reference systems are
  explicitly stated: calendars (used with clocks for greater
  resolution), temporal coordinate systems, and ordinal temporal
  reference systems.
Calendars and clocks are both based on interval scales. A calendar is
  a discrete temporal reference system that provides a basis for
  defining temporal position to a resolution of one day. A clock
  provides a basis for defining temporal position within a day. A
  clock must be used with a calendar in order to provide a complete
  description of a temporal position within a specific day. Every
  calendar provides a set of rules for composing a calendar date from
  a set of elements such as year, month, and day. In every calendar,
  years are numbered relative to the date of a reference event that
  defines a calendar era [ISO 19108].
Specifying temporal position in terms of calendar date and time of day
  complicates the computation of distances between points and the
  functional description of temporal operations. A temporal coordinate
  system may be used to support applications of this kind. [ISO
  19108].
Ordinal temporal reference systems as specified in ISO 19108 are no
  instances of SP11 Temporal Reference Systems as they do not define
  cycles of a periodic process but define a system of time intervals
  based on reverence periods related to certain natural or cultural
  phenomena.
Examples:
•	Gregorian Calendar
•	Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
•	Julian date
•	Greenwich time
•	ISO 8601


Scope note: 	This class comprises definitions of places by
  quantitative expressions. An instance of SP5 Geometric Place
  Expression can be seen as a prescription of how to find the location
  meant by this expression in the real world (S), which is based on
  measuring where the quantities referred to in the expression lead
  to, beginning from the reference points of the respective reference
  system.
A form of expression may be geometries or map elements defined in a
  SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System that unambiguously identify
  locations in a SP3 Reference Space. Other forms may refer to areas
  confined by imaginary lines connecting Phenomenal Places such as
  trees, islands, cities, mountain tops.
The identity of a SP5 Place Expression is based on its script or
  symbolic form (I). Several SP5 Place Expressions can denote the same
  SP6 Declarative Place.
Instances of SP5 Geometric Place Expressions that exist in one SP4
  Spatial Coordinate Reference System can be transformed to geometries
  in other SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System if there is a known
  and valid transformation. The product of the transformation in
  general defines a new instance of SP6 Declarative Place, albeit
  close to the source of the transformation. This can be due to
  distortions resulting from the transformation and the limited
  precision by which the relative position of the reference points
  differing between the respective reference systems are
  determined.

Examples:
• Coordinate Information in GML like <gml:Point gml:id="p21"
   srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
   <gml:coordinates>45.67, 88.56</gml:coordinates>
   </gml:Point>
• a polygon defining the extent of France


Scope note:	This property defines the physical reference
  features that ground a spatial coordinate reference system in the
  real world.
In surveying and geodesy this is part of the datum definition and is
  often a point identified by a physical feature on earth (sometimes
  monuments) where the earth approximation ellipsoid touches the earth
  and one axis of the ellipsoid runs through.


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of SP3
  Reference Space with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is at
  rest in it. For all instances of E18 Physical Thing exist at least
  one reference space it is at rest with because of their relative
  stability of form. Larger constellations of matter may comprise many
  physical features that are at rest with them.


Scope note:	This property approximates a SP9 Time Intervall. The
  property does not state the quality or accuracy of the
  approximation, but an overlap in time is the minimal requirement.


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of E4
  Period with the 4 dimensional point sets (volumes) in spacetime that
  it occupied. This instance of SP1 Phenomenal Spacetime Volume
  includes the trajectories of the participating physical things
  during their participation in the instance of E4 Period, the open
  spaces via which they have interacted and the spaces by which they
  had the potential to interact during that period or event in the way
  defined by the type of the respective period or event, such as the
  air in a meeting room transferring the voices. It also comprises the
  areas controlled by some military power. Therefore instances of E4
  Period have fuzzy boundaries in spacetime.


Scope note:     	This class comprises instances of SP9 Time
  Intervalls whose extent (U) and position is defined by the temporal
  projection of the spatiotemporal extent that can be observed or
  measured. Thus they derive their identity through the extent in time
  of a real world phenomenon (I).

Examples:
•	Duration of the phenomenal temporal extent of the Trafalgar battle
•	The real duration of the Ming Dynasty
•	The real extent of the lifetime of Ceasar starting with his
   birth and ending with his death


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of SP12
  Spacetime Volume Expression with the instance of SP7 Declarative
  Spacetime Volume it defines. Syntactic variants or use of different
  scripts may result in multiple instances of SP12 Spacetime Volume
  Expressions defining exactly the same SP7 Declarative Spacetime
  Volume. Transformations between different temporal or spatial
  reference systems in general result in new definitions of Spacetime
  Volumes approximating each other.


CRMgeo 1.4 Encoded in RDFS/OWL, modified GG


Scope note:	This property defines the temporal reference
  system in terms of which a SP12 Spacetime Volume Expression is
  formulated.


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of  E53
  Place with the instance of  SP3 Reference Space it is defined
  in.


Scope note:	This property approximates a SP8 Spacetime
  Volume. The property does not state the quality or accuracy of the
  approximation, but an overlap of the spacetime volume is the minimal
  requirement.


Scope note: This class comprises the 4 dimensional point sets
  (volumes) (S) which material phenomena (I) occupy in Space-Time
  (S). An instance of S1 Space Time Volume represents the true (I)
  extent of an instance of E4 Period in spacetime or the true (I)
  extent of the trajectory of an instance of E18 Physical Thing during
  the course of its existence, from production to destruction. A
  fuzziness of the extent lies in the very nature of the phenomenon,
  and not in the shortcomings of observation (U). The degree of
  fuzziness with respect to the scale of the phenomenon may vary
  widely, but the extent is never exact in a mathematical
  sense. According to modern physics, points in space-time are
  absolute with respect to the physical phenomena happening at them,
  regardless the so-called Galilean relativity of spatial or temporal
  reference systems in terms of which an observer may describe
  them. Following the theory, points relative to different spatial or
  temporal reference systems can be related if common points of
  phenomena in space-time are known in different systems. Instances of
  S1 Space-Time Volume are sets of such absolute space-time points of
  phenomena (I).The (Einstein) relativity of spatial and temporal
  distances is of no concern for the scales of things in the
  cultural-historical discourse, but does not alter the above
  principles.[ØE8] The temporal projection of an instance of SP1
  Space-Time Volume defines an E52 Time-Span while its spatial
  projection defines an SP2 Phenomenal Place[ØE9]. The true location
  of an instance of E18 Physical Thing during some time-span can be
  regarded as the spatial projection of the restriction of its
  trajectory to the respective time-span.
Examples:
• The Space Time Volume of the Event of Ceasars murdering
• The Space Time Volume where and when the carbon 14 dating of the
  "Schoeninger Speer II" in 1996 took place
• The spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its
  building to its actual location
• The Space Time Volume of the temple in Abu Simbel before its removal


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of SP4
  Spatial Coordinate Reference System with the instance of SP3
  Reference Space for which it can be used to describe
  locations.


Scope note:
  This class comprises instances of E53 Place (S) whose extent (U) and
  position is defined by a SP5 Geometric Place Expression (S). There
  is one implicit or explicit SP3 Reference Space in which the SP5
  Place Expression describes the intended place. Even though SP5
  Geometric Place Expressions have an unlimited precision, measurement
  devices and the precision of the position of reference features
  relating the SP4 Spatial Coordinate Reference System to a SP3
  Reference Space impose limitations to the determination of an SP6
  Declarative Place in the real world (U).
Several SP5 Geometric Place Expressions may denote the same SP6
  Declarative Place if their precision falls within the same range
  (I).
Instances of SP6 Declarative Places may be used to approximate
  instances of E53 Places or parts of them. They may as well be used
  to define the location and spatial extent of property rights or
  national borders.

Examples:
• the place defined by <gml:Point gml:id="p21"
   srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
   <gml:coordinates>45.67, 88.56</gml:coordinates>
   </gml:Point>
• the place defined by a line approximating the Danube river
• The place of the Orinoco river defined in the map of Diego Ribeiro in 1529
• the place defined through a polygon that represents the boundaries
   of the UK in the year 2003


Scope note: 	Inverse property of Q4_has_spatial_projection


Scope note:	This property approximates a phenomenal place
  which is defined in the same reference space. The property does not
  state the quality or accuracy of the approximation, but an overlap
  in area is the minimal requirement.


Scope note:	This property describes the 4 dimensional point sets
  (volumes) in spacetime that the trajectory of an instance of E18
  Physical Thing occupies in spacetime in the course of its
  existence. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the
  matter of the physical thing and all inner spaces not accessible in
  regular function.


Scope Note:
  This class comprises instances of E59 Primitive Value for spacetime
  volumes that should be implemented with appropriate validation,
  precision, interval logic and reference systems to express date
  ranges and geometries relevant to cultural documentation. A
  Spacetime Volume Expression may consist of one expression including
  temporal and spatial information like in GML or a different form of
  expressing spacetime in an integrated way like a formula containing
  all 4 dimensions.
A Spacetime Volume Expression defines a SP7 Declarative Spacetime
  Volume, which means that the identity of the Spacetime Volume is
  derived from its geometric and temporal definition. This declarative
  Spacetime Volume allows for the application of all Spacetime Volume
  properties to relate phenomenal Spacetime Volumes of Periods and
  Physical Things to propositions about their spatial and temporal
  extents.
Examples:
•	Spatial and temporal information in KML for the maximum extent
  of the Byzantine Empire
•	a spacetime volume expressed in Geography Markup Language
  (GML) defining the spatial extent of France from 1792-1816 giving
  one spatial extent for each year


Scope note:	This property associates an instance of SP5
  Geometric Place Expression with the instance of SP6 Declarative
  Place it defines. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may
  result in multiple instances of SP5 Geometric Place Expression
  defining exactly the same place. Transformations between different
  reference systems in general result in new definitions of places
  approximating each other.