"E14 Zustandsfeststellung"@de . "E17 Απόδοση Τύπου"@el . "P168 place is defined by"@en . "Material"@pt . "P7i bezeugte"@de . "P189 approximates"@en . . "P82b end of the end"@en . . "E52 Intervalle temporel"@fr . . "P45i входит в состав"@ru . "P55i είναι θέση του"@el . "Part Removal"@en . "E27 Site"@fr . "Ereignis"@de . . "P41i 被分类"@zh . "был местом совершения"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E70 Thing with an instance of E55 Type that describes the type of use that it was actually employed for.\nIt allows the relationship between particular things, both physical and immaterial, and the general methods and techniques of real use to be documented. This may well be different from the intended functional purpose of the instance of E70 Thing (which can be documented with P103 was intended for (was intention of)). For example, it could be recorded that a particular wooden crate had a general use as a shelf support on a market stall even though it had been originally intended for carrying vegetables.\nThe use of this property is intended to allow the documentation of usage patterns attested in historical records or through scientific investigation (for instance ceramic residue analysis). It should not be used to document the intended, and thus assumed, use of an object.\n\nExamples:\n- Tony Gill’s Ford Mustang (E22) had as general use transportation (E55).\n- The Egyptian unglazed vessel used in the 2003 study reported by Barnard et al. (E22) had as general use camel milk preparation (E55). (Barnard et al., 2007)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P101(x,y) ⇒ E70(x)\n- P101(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P101(x,y) ⇒ (∃z)[E7(z) ∧ P16i(,x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]\n"@en . "P104 服从"@zh . "se termine au moment de ou après la fin de"@fr . "P130 zeigt Merkmale von"@de . "E18 Physical Thing"@en . . "é ou foi curador de"@pt . . "有描绘"@zh . "P50" . "P21i was purpose of"@en . "Systematization"@en . "P170i temps défini par"@fr . "Research Activity"@en . "επαύξησε"@el . "P8i a été témoin de"@fr . "P30i custódia transferida por meio de"@pt . . "a été mobilisé dans"@fr . "P14i" . "P105i 有权利"@zh . "E14 Condition Assessment"@en . "E7 Activité"@fr . "P147i" . "语言对象"@zh . "Δημιουργία"@el . "使导致存在"@zh . "hat derzeitigen Standort"@de . "P56 bears feature"@en . "P104i findet Anwendung auf"@de . "P49 имеет бывшего или текущего смотрителя"@ru . . "tem representação"@pt . "Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates the instance of E66 Formation with the instance of E74 Group that it founded.\n\nExamples:\n- The formation of the CIDOC CRM SIG at the August 2000 CIDOC Board meeting (E66) has formed the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P95(x,y) ⇒ E66(x)\n- P95(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P95(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "P191 a eu pour durée"@fr . . "a été une présence de"@fr . "απέκτησε τον τίτλο μέσω"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises transfers of the physical custody or the legal responsibility for the physical custody of objects. The recording of the donor or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody there is either no donor or no recipient. \nDepending on the circumstances, it may describe: \n1. the beginning of custody (there is no previous custodian)\n2. the end of custody (there is no subsequent custodian)\n3. the transfer of custody (transfer from one custodian to the next)\n4. the receipt of custody from an unknown source (the previous custodian is unknown)\n5. the declared loss of an object (the current or subsequent custodian is unknown)\nIn the event that only a single kind of transfer of custody occurs, either the legal responsibility for the custody or the actual physical possession of the object but not both, this difference should be expressed using the property \nP2 has type (is type of).\nThe sense of physical possession requires that the object of custody be in the hands of the keeper at least with a part representative for the whole. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing.\nThe interpretation of the museum notion of \"accession\" differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership and physical custody separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these. \nTheft is a specific case of illegal transfer of custody.\n\nExamples:\n- the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery\n- the return of Picasso’s “Guernica” to Madrid’s Prado in 1981 (Chipp, 1988)\n- the transfer of custody of the work described as “Von der Velden ein Ufer an der See” from Johann Matthäus von Merian to the Auction House Heldevier (Jacob) for the purpose of sale, ca. 1716\n- the transfer of custody of the painting ‘Mrs. Fitzherbert’ to the art dealer Knoedler from Parke-Bernet Galleries (New York, NY, USA) ca. March 1941\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E10(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . . . "P32 使用通用技术"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the identifier that was assigned to an item in an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment.\nThe same identifier may be assigned on more than one occasion.\nAn identifier might be created prior to an assignment.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The identifier assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned “232” (E42) (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P37(x,y) ⇒ E15(x)\n- P37(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) \n- P37(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "P14 realizada por"@pt . "P20 tinha propósito específico"@pt . "P70" . . . "P96" . "Évaluation d’état matériel"@fr . "E22" . "P156 occupies"@en . "P5i" . "P7 fand statt in"@de . "P184i" . "Назначение Идентификатора"@ru . "P101i was use of"@en . . "状态评估"@zh . "包含"@zh . "P141i 被分配"@zh . "P75i is possessed by"@en . "was partially covered by"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a part of it that is by itself an instance of E90 Symbolic Object, such as fragments of texts or clippings from an image.\nThis property is transitive asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- This Scope note of property P106 (E33) is composed of ‘fragments of texts’ (E33).\n- ‘recognizable’ (E90) is composed of ‘ecognizabl’ (E90).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(x)\n- P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(y)\n- [P106(x,y) ∧ P106(y,z)] ⇒ P106(x,z)\n- P106(x,y) ⇒ ¬P106(y,x)\n"@en . "depicts"@en . "P17 είχε ως αφορμή"@el . "a dissocié"@fr . "E7 活动"@zh . "was curated by"@en . "E4 Período"@pt . "P23i perdeu os direitos de propriedade por meio da"@pt . "P92 создал"@ru . "E74 Группа"@ru . "P148i 是组件"@zh . "approxime"@fr . . "Locomoção"@pt . . "was added by"@en . "P140 a assigné l’attribut à"@fr . . "E28 概念对象"@zh . . "is referred to by"@en . "P57 有组成部分数"@zh . "P46i fait partie de"@fr . "E7" . "перечисляет"@ru . "P44i" . "P5i bildet Teil von"@de . "P62 描绘了"@zh . "é guardada por"@pt . "E12" . "is alternative form of"@en . "Instanzen dieser Klasse umfassen Arten der Klasse Körperschaft (nfdi4objects:Corporate_Body), z.B. \n- Universität\n- Museum\n- Forschungsinstitut"@de . "E29 Projeto ou Procedimento"@pt . "P103 был задуман для"@ru . "παρατήρησε"@el . . "Item Visual"@pt . . . . . "类型"@zh . "Direitos"@pt . "P112i foi diminuído por"@pt . "a été la technique spécifique mise en œuvre dans"@fr . "has type"@en . "P185 ends before the end of"@en . "P17i motivated"@en . . . . "P80 结束限定"@zh . "E99 Product Type"@en . "This class describes the general concept of archaeological escavation intended as a coordinated set of excavation process units (A1) performed on an area considered as part of a broader topographical, rural, urban, or monumental context. An archaeological excavation typically takes place in a predefined geographic area specifically defined after an investigation campaign or based on interpretation of sources, or evidenced by a different activity (such as: preparatory works for urban construction, rescue archaeology and similar) and is carried out according with specific authorisations provided by a competent authority. A specific identifier for each archaeological excavation is usually assigned by the same authority. The set of activities is not limited to matter removals but also comprises siblings activities, happening throughout the whole process, intended for observation and/or consolidation of the excavated strata. The archaeological excavation is usually under the responsibility of a coordinator, officially designated, which is legally and scientifically responsible for all the activities carried out within each of the excavation process units and is also responsible for the documentation of the whole process."@en . "Entité visuelle"@fr . "File_Type"@en . "P94i a été créé par"@fr . "已产生了"@zh . . "E3 条件状态"@zh . "P23i trat Besitztitel ab in"@de . "E15 Identifier Assignment"@en . . "P94 a créé"@fr . "P74i is current or former residence of"@en . . "P130i 发现特征"@zh . . "P19 war beabsichtigteter Gebrauch von"@de . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the type that was assigned to an entity by an E17 Type Assignment activity. \nType assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).\nFor example, a fragment of an antique vessel could be assigned the type “attic red figured belly handled amphora” by expert A. The same fragment could be assigned the type “shoulder handled amphora” by expert B.\nA Type may be intellectually constructed independent from assigning an instance of it.\n\nExamples:\n- The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) assigned goblet (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P42(x,y) ⇒ E17(x)\n- P42(x,y)⇒ E55(y) \n- P42(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "Teilhinzufügung"@de . "был отцом для"@ru . . "received custody through"@en . . "P129i est le sujet de"@fr . . "P22 a transféré le titre de propriété à"@fr . "P89i περιέχει"@el . "является бывшим или текущим владельцем для"@ru . "P136i поддержал создание типа"@ru . . "P20 a eu pour finalité spécifique"@fr . "is associated with"@en . "Referenzdokument"@de . . "P128i переносится посредством"@ru . "E7 Handlung"@de . "P96i a donné naissance à"@fr . "P4i" . "custody transferred through"@en . . "提供访问"@zh . "a pour actant détenteur actuel ou antérieur"@fr . . "P150 defines typical parts of"@en . . "hat derzeitigen permanenten Standort"@de . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E74 Group an instance of E39 Actor leaves through an instance of E86 Leaving.\nAlthough a leaving activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which leaving one E74 Group implies leaving another E74 Group as well.\n\nExamples:\n- The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated from the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated from the office of President of the United States (E74). (Unger, 2015)\n- The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated from EU (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P146(x,y) ⇒ E86(x)\n- P146(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P146(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "P38 a retiré l'assignation"@fr . . . "被使用"@zh . "P134 continued"@en . "P53i ist früherer oder derzeitiger Standort von"@de . "团体"@zh . . . "E67" . "erweiterte"@de . "Volume spatio-temporel"@fr . "Instanzen dieser Klasse umfassen strukturierte, digitale Sammlung von Informationen über ein bestimmtes Objekt oder eine Sammlung. Ein Datensatz umfasst wesentliche Metadaten wie Objektart, Herkunft, Herstellung, Material und Lagerort, oft organisiert in Datenbanken oder Standards, wie z.B. der Minimaldatensatz für Museen und Sammlungen. Er dient der elektronischen Erfassung, Verwaltung, Forschung und Online-Publikation von Kulturgut."@de . "locomoveu para"@pt . "criou"@pt . . . . "βρίσκεται σε"@el . "P112 εξάλειψε"@el . "P15i beeinflußte"@de . "E32" . . "P57 tem número de partes"@pt . "发现于"@zh . "P138i tem representação"@pt . . "lost member by"@en . "Diese Klasse umfasst die Strukturierung von geografischen Elementen, insbesondere auf der bewohnbaren Erdoberfläche. Dazu gehören vom Menschen geschaffene und natürliche geografische Merkmale wie Wohnhäuser, Landkreise, Wasserstraßen, Berge (Gebirge), etc. Geographische Orte können 3-dimensional sein und sich in den Raum oder auf erdigem Boden erstrecken. (z.B. Höhlen).\nTypischerweise können sie von Ortsverzeichnissen, z.B. GeoNamen, herangezogen und nach S24_Geographical_Unit kategorisiert werden.\n\nBeispiele:\n- Paris (nur die Geographie, nicht die physische Einheit oder das Verwaltungsorgan! Sie kann jedoch als geographische Einheit \"Wohnung\" oder \"Stadt\" kategorisiert werden.)\n- Die Alpen\n- Tethys"@de . . "wurde erweitert durch"@de . . "P101i 被用于"@zh . "P26 moved to"@en . "a été identifié par"@fr . "Collectionsystematics Assignment"@en . "P38i 被取消"@zh . "P38i был отменен посредством"@ru . "droit détenu par"@fr . "P91 имеет единицу"@ru . . "P42 分配类型"@zh . . "E79 Adição de Parte"@pt . . "显示特征"@zh . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E55 Type “A” with an instance of E55 Type “B”, when items of type “A” typically form part of items of type “B”, such as “car motors” and “cars”. \nIt allows types to be organised into hierarchies based on one type describing a typical part of another. This property is equivalent to “broader term partitive (BTP)” as defined in ISO 2788 and “broaderPartitive” in SKOS.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- car motors (E55) defines typical parts of cars (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(x)\n- P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- P150(x,y) ⇒ ¬P150(y,x)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place, which is defined in the same reference space, and which is used to approximate the former. The property does not necessarily state the quality or accuracy of this approximation, but rather indicates the use of the first instance of place to approximate the second.\nIn common documentation practice, find or encounter spots e.g. in archaeology, botany or zoology are often related to the closest village, river or other named place without detailing the relation, e.g. if it is located within the village or in a certain distance of the specified place. In this case the stated “phenomenal” place found in the documentation can be seen as an approximation of the actual encounter spot without more specific knowledge. \nIn more recent documentation often point coordinate information is provided that originates from GPS measurements or georeferencing from a map. This point coordinate information does not state the actual place of the encounter spot but tries to approximate it with a “declarative” place. The accuracy depends on the methodology used when creating the coordinates. It may be dependent on technical limitations like GPS accuracy but also on the method where the GPS location is taken in relation to the measured feature. If the methodology is known a maximum deviation from the measured point can be calculated and the encounter spot or feature may be related to the resulting circle using an instance of P171 at some place within.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is reflexive.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- [40°31'17.9\"N 21°15'48.3\"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://sws.geonames.org/735927]\n- [40°31'00.1\"N 21°16'00.1\"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7010880]\n- [40°04'60.0\"N 22°21'00.0\"E] (E53) approximates Mount Olympus National Park, Greece (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://www.geonames.org/6941814]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P189(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P189(x,y) ⇒ E53 (y) \n- P189(x,y,z) ⇒ [P189(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P189(x,x)\n"@en . "bezeugte"@de . "was assessed by"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the active or passive presence of an E77 Persistent Item in an instance of E5 Event without implying any specific role. \nIt documents known events in which an instance of E77 Persistent Item was present during the course of its life or history. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum, on which a treaty was signed. The instance of E53 Place and the instance of E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instance E77 Persistent Item in the past. Instances of E90 Symbolic Object, in particular information objects, are physically present in events via at least one of the instances of E18 Physical Thing carrying them. Note, that the human mind can be such a carrier. A precondition for a transfer of information to a person or another new physical carrier is the presence of the respective information object and this person or physical thing in one event.\n\nExamples:\n- Deckchair 42 (E19) was present at the sinking of the Titanic (E5). (Aldridge, 2008)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P12(x,y) ⇒ E5(x)\n- P12(x,y) ⇒ E77(y)\n"@en . "Source"@en . . "E29" . "出让监护权"@zh . "был создан для"@ru . "bewegte bis zu"@de . "E5 Evento"@pt . "所属单位"@zh . "was origin of"@en . "wurde verbunden durch"@de . "P81a fim do início"@pt . "E20 Biological Object"@en . . "P2 é do tipo"@pt . . "Object Condition Type"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis symmetric property associates two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume that have some of their extents in common. If only the fuzzy boundaries of the instances of E92 Spacetime Volume overlap, this property cannot be determined from observation alone and therefore should not be applied. However, there may be other forms of justification that the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume must have some of their extents in common regardless of where and when precisely. \nIf this property holds for two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume then it cannot be the case that P133 is spatiotemporally separated from also holds for the same two instances. Furthermore, there are cases where neither P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with nor P133 is spatiotemporally separated from holds between two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. This would occur where only an overlap of the fuzzy boundaries of the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume occurs and no other evidence is available. \nThis property is not transitive. This property is symmetric. This property is reflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- The “Urnfield” period (E4) spatiotemporally overlaps with the “Hallstatt” period (E4). (Gimbutas, 1965)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P132(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P132(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P132(x,y) ⇒ P132(y,x)\n- P132(x,y) ⇒ P132 (x,y)\n- P132(x,x)\n"@en . "E3 Zustandsphase"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E3 Condition State that was observed in an instance of E14 Condition Assessment activity.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The condition assessment of silver cup 232 in 1997 (E14) has identified oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) with oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious)\n- The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type fine (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type broken (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P35(x,y) ⇒E14(x)\n- P35(x,y) ⇒ E3(y)\n- P35(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "P148i ist Bestandteil von"@de . "Inscription"@en . . "volume spatio-temporel défini par"@fr . "E74 Ομάδα"@el . "P146 separated from"@en . . . "έχει ή είχε κατοικία"@el . "transformed"@en . "s’insère dans"@fr . "Γέννηση"@el . "usou objeto específico"@pt . "P42 a assigné"@fr . "está contido em"@pt . . "P4i 是时段"@zh . . . "τροποποιήθηκε από"@el . "P95i была сформирована посредством"@ru . . "P46 é composto de"@pt . "P91i is unit of"@en . "Production"@en . "hat derzeitigen oder früheren Kurator"@de . . "falls within"@en . "aumentou"@pt . "benutzte das bestimmte Objekt"@de . "P5 состоит из"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property establishes the relationship between an instance of E97 Monetary Amount and the instance of E98 Currency that it is measured in.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) has currency British Pounds (E98).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P180(x,y) ⇒ E97(x)\n- P180(x,y) ⇒ E98(y)\n- P180(x,y) ⇒ P91(x,y)\n"@en . "留下"@zh . . "Période"@fr . "P23 transferred title from"@en . "Временная Сущность"@ru . "P22i adquiriu os direitos de propriedade por meio da"@pt . "was created by"@en . . "规范文档"@zh . "This class describes the process of moving instances of the class E19 Physical Object away from the starting point of instances of the class E53 Place, whereby the latter are assigned via instances of the class “Place Assignment.” In combination with instances of the class “Movement to,” this results in a detailed overall representation of the assignment of object movements."@en . "被预知使用"@zh . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies a destination, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move. \nA move will be linked to a destination, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many terminal instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes a distribution of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s).\nTherefore, the described destination is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at.\n\nExamples:\n- The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved to the Saatchi Gallery London (E53).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P26(x,y) ⇒ E9(x)\n- P26(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) \n- P26(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]\n"@en . "SP6 Declarative Place in CRMgeo"@de . "Object"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity.\nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(end) is true.\nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to the disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, met-by, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by}.\nThis property is not transitive. \n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_01.png\n\n\nFigure 8: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_02.png\n\n\nFigure 9: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- The legendary run from Marathon to Athens 490BC (E7) starts before or with the end of The Battle of Marathon 490BC (E7).\n- LMIIB (E4) ends after or with the start of the Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C.E.) (E4). [Evidence for this is provided by the scarab seal found at Poros in a context of LMIIB. The scarab belongs to the type “nh.s n Jmn”. During the Akhenaten period he production of these scarab seals stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). So the scarab could not have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production.] (Karetsou, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n"@en . . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records an E3 Condition State for some E18 Physical Thing.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P34i was assessed by, E14 Condition Assessment, P35 has identified to E3 Condition State. It offers no information about how and when the E3 Condition State was established, nor by whom. \nAn instance of E3 Condition State is specific to an instance of E18 Physical Thing.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has condition oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P44(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P44(x,y) ⇒ E3(y)\n- P44(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E14(z) ˄ P34i(x,z) ˄ P35(z,y)]\n"@en . "P130i características são também encontradas em"@pt . "is current or former member of"@en . "Right"@en . "P99i 被解散"@zh . "foi feito para"@pt . "a mobilisé comme élément"@fr . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E57 Material employed in an instance of E11 Modification.\nThe instance of E57 Material used during the instance of E11 Modification does not necessarily become incorporated into the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that forms the subject of the instance of E11 Modification.\n\nExamples:\n- The repairing of the Queen Mary (E11) employed Steel (E57). [Beginning October 1942] (Britton, 2012)\n- Distilled water (E57) was employed in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel (E11). (Pietrangeli, 1986)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P126(x,y) ⇒ E11(x)\n- P126(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)\n"@en . . "P23i a cédé le titre de propriété à"@fr . . "ends before or with the end of"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an instance of E39 Actor that is or had been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time.\nThe distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. \nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P23 transferred title from, or P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current owner Lord Iveagh (E21). (Bryant, 1990)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P51(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P51(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P51(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ [P23(z,y) ˅ P22(z,y) ]]\n"@en . "组成部分"@zh . "tem como uso geral"@pt . "P12i присутствовал при"@ru . . "P136 stützte sich auf"@de . . "является текущим или бывшим местоположением для"@ru . . "P183i starts after the end of"@en . "E77 Persistent Item"@en . . . "prévoit l'usage de"@fr . "P70i документирован в"@ru . "είχε ως αφορμή"@el . "ήταν o τύπος αντικείμενου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε"@el . . "Diese Klasse bildet ein Teilereignis im Rahmen der Klasse E10 Übertragung des Gewahrsams. Dabei wird der Teilprozess beschrieben, bei dem Instanzen der Klasse E39 Akteur den Gewahrsam von Instanzen der Klasse E19 Physischer Gegenstand abgeben, und damit im Rahmen der Erwerbskette zum Vorbesitzenden werden. Den zugehörigen Teilprozess, bei der Empfang des Gewahrsams durch den Nachbesitzende Akteur beschrieben wird, beschreiben Instanzen der Klasse \"Empfang des Gewahrsams\"."@de . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben soziale Strukturen, die mehrere Personen umfassen, wie z.B. eine Institution oder ein Verband, die ein gemeinsames Ziel verfolgen und sich von ihrer Umgebung abgrenzen, z.B. \n- das Germanische Nationalmuseum in Nürnberg \n- die Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg \n- die Klassik Stiftung Weimar"@de . "P1 é identificado por"@pt . . "P134i a été continué par"@fr . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises people, either individually or in groups, who have the potential to perform intentional actions of kinds for which they can be held responsible.\n\nExamples:\n- London and Continental Railways (E74)\n- the Governor of the Bank of England in 1975 (E21)\n- Sir Ian McKellen (E21) (Gibson, 1986)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E39(x) ⇒ E77(x)\n"@en . "P141i был присвоен посредством"@ru . "wird dargestellt durch"@de . "has current permanent location"@en . "a pour membre actuel ou antérieur"@fr . "P76i bietet Zugang zu"@de . "P143i wurde verbunden durch"@de . . "P144i" . . "E69 Tod"@de . "P39 измерил"@ru . . "демонстрирует признаки"@ru . . "define"@pt . "Τεκμήριο"@el . "E5" . . "usou objeto do tipo"@pt . "Diese Klasse umfasst die numerische Information, mit der eine bestimmte Instanz der Klasse E53_Place innerhalb räumlicher Schemata lokalisiert werden kann. Eine Instanz der Klasse Geo-Koordinaten beschreibt die Lage eines Punktes auf der Erde in Form von Kugelkoordinaten bzw. GPS-Koordinaten. \n\nBeispiel: Die Stadt Nürnberg hat die Koordinaten 49° 27′ N , 11° 5′ O."@de . "P127" . "represents"@en . "s'insère dans"@fr . . "é ou foi membro de"@pt . . . "s’applique à"@fr . "P51i είναι ή ήταν ιδιοκτήτης του/της"@el . . "P101 είχε ως γενική χρήση"@el . "verband"@de . "был исходной точкой для"@ru . "P101i был применением для"@ru . "发生的所在对象是"@zh . "Dokument"@de . "wird belegt in"@de . "P5 besteht aus"@de . "P93i αναιρέθηκε από"@el . . "P34i foi avaliada por"@pt . . "Документ"@ru . "P72 hat Sprache"@de . . "拥有"@zh . "τεκμηριώνεται σε"@el . "est né"@fr . "Physical Feature"@en . "E17 Присвоение Типа"@ru . "P92i was brought into existence by"@en . "E58" . "отменил назначение"@ru . "P70i est documenté dans"@fr . . "P46i bildet Teil von"@de . "P170i" . "E30 Droit"@fr . "использовал общую технику"@ru . "wird abgebildet durch"@de . "E57 Υλικό"@el . "Merkmalszuweisung"@de . "题名是"@zh . "конец начала"@ru . "P13i" . "P80 end is qualified by"@en . . . "назначил"@ru . "P98 诞生了"@zh . "περιέχει"@el . "P65i показан посредством"@ru . "P54i является текущим постоянным местоположением для"@ru . "Biological Object"@en . "was created by"@en . . "被拥有"@zh . . "передал право собственности от"@ru . "P137i exemplifica"@pt . . "Συμβάν"@el . "P127 has broader term"@en . "Dissolution"@fr . "P164i" . . "Участок"@ru . . "a cessé d’exister par"@fr . "被分配类型"@zh . "This class describes the event of commissioning the conceptual and physical creation of instances of the Object class by an actor. The commissioning is modeled as a sub-event in the context of the object's history.\n\nFor example, the commissioning of the Behaim Globe by the City Council of Nuremberg and its council members."@en . . . . "setzt sich zusammen aus"@de . "is subject of"@en . . "est illustré par"@fr . . . "P62i 被描绘"@zh . "est identifié par"@fr . "P37 a assigné"@fr . "P197" . "συμμετείχε σε"@el . "benutzte Objekt des Typus"@de . "Deaccession"@en . "τέλος του τέλους"@el . "P41 классифицировал"@ru . "E55" . . "P51i is former or current owner of"@en . "was removed by"@en . "foi usado por"@pt . "a créé"@fr . . . "Dataset"@en . "诞生了"@zh . "P65 représente l'entité visuelle"@fr . "was dissolved by"@en . "P105" . "Φυσικός Χώρος"@el . . . . "E86 Départ"@fr . "a été attribué par"@fr . . . "is depicted by"@en . "P140 atribuiu atributo para"@pt . "P185i" . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of E52 Time-Span.\nThis property supports the notion that the temporal extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span falls within the temporal extent of another instance of E52 Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of E52 Time-Span is implied. This property is transitive and reflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- The time-span of the Apollo 11 moon mission (E52) falls within the time-span of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (E52). (Riley, 2009; Robinson, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) \n- P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n- [P86(x,y) ∧ P86(y,z)] ⇒ P86(x,z)\n- P86(x,x)\n"@en . . . . "P16i 用于"@zh . "Avaliação do Estado Material"@pt . "P57 has number of parts"@en . "περιέχεται σε"@el . "P79 a son début qualifié par"@fr . "P140i" . "P138 stellt dar"@de . "E69 Mort"@fr . "hat Zustand"@de . "P112i εξαλείφθηκε από"@el . "P191i était la durée de"@fr . "P1 is identified by"@en . "Marca"@pt . . . "est l’actant détenteur actuel"@fr . "结束限定"@zh . "опека отдана через"@ru . . . "P121 重叠于"@zh . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added during an instance of E79 Part Addition activity.\n\nExamples:\n- The insertion of the final nail (E79) added the last nail in George VI’s coffin (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P111(x,y) ⇒ E79(x)\n- P111(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P111(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)\n"@en . "формирует часть"@ru . "E35 Title"@en . . . . "is preferred identifier of"@en . "removeu"@pt . "участвовал в"@ru . "was intention of"@en . "has spatial projection"@en . "P99 löste auf"@de . "P53i is former or current location of"@en . "δημιούργησε τύπο"@el . "Atribuição de Identificador"@pt . "hat derzeitigen Besitzer"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was diminished by an instance of E80 Part Removal.\nAlthough an instance of E80 Part removal activity normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be diminished by a single instance of E80 Part Removal activity.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22) was diminished by the opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80). (Carter, 2014)\n- The coral of the Cocos Islands (E20) was diminished by the removal of the Porite coral specimen by Charles Darwin (E80). (Natural History Museum, 2010, b)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P112(x,y) ⇒ E80(x)\n- P112(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P112(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)\n"@en . "P15i influenced"@en . "E72 Объект Права"@ru . "P29 监护权转至"@zh . "SP2 Phenomenal Place in CRMgeo"@en . "分配类型"@zh . . . "E66 Συγκρότηση Ομάδας"@el . . "P164 is temporally specified by"@en . "формирует часть"@ru . . "E17" . "P27i 是起点"@zh . "P96 είχε μητέρα"@el . . "移至"@zh . "标记"@zh . . . "ακυρώθηκε από"@el . . . "классифицировал"@ru . "P39i wurde vermessen durch"@de . "P45 составлен из"@ru . "P67 verweist auf"@de . "P2" . "P103i was intention of"@en . "est le membre actuel ou antérieur de"@fr . . "αποτελεί μονάδα μέτρησης του/της"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added during an instance of E79 Part Addition activity.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The insertion of the final nail (E79) added the last nail in George VI’s coffin (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P111(x,y) ⇒ E79(x)\n- P111(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P111(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)\n"@en . . . . "P135i 被创建"@zh . "E69 Θάνατος"@el . "P62i is depicted by"@en . . . "Art der Ausstellung"@de . "Υλικό"@el . "P54 has current permanent location"@en . "Diese Klasse beschreibt den Prozess der Bewegung von Instanzen der Klasse E19 Physisches Objekt hin zum Zielpunkt von Instanzen der Klasse E53 Place, wobei letztere über Instanzen der Klasse \"Ortszuweisung\" zugewiesen werden. In Kombination mit Instanzen der Klasse \"Bewegung von\" ergibt sich eine detaillierte Gesamtdarstellung der Zuweisung von Objektbewegungen."@de . "E74" . "Linguistic Object"@en . "E6 Zerstörung"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises real persons who live or are assumed to have lived. \nLegendary figures that may have existed, such as Ulysses and King Arthur, fall into this class if the documentation refers to them as historical figures. In cases where doubt exists as to whether several persons are in fact identical, multiple instances can be created and linked to indicate their relationship. The CIDOC CRM does not propose a specific form to support reasoning about possible identity.\nIn a bibliographic context, a name presented following the conventions usually employed for personal names will be assumed to correspond to an actual real person (an instance of E21 Person), unless evidence is available to indicate that this is not the case. The fact that a persona may erroneously be classified as an instance of E21 Person does not imply that the concept comprises personae.\n\nExamples:\n- Tut-Ankh-Amun (Edwards and Boltin, 1979)\n- Nelson Mandela (Brown and Hort, 2006)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E21(x) ⇒ E20(x)\n- E21(x) ⇒ E39(x)\n"@en . . "P128i 被承载"@zh . "P52i est l'actant propriétaire actuel de"@fr . "χαρακτηριστικά του βρίσκονται επίσης σε"@el . "P72" . "P139 a pour forme alternative"@fr . "Υλικό Μόρφωμα"@el . . . "测量了"@zh . "είχε συγκεκριμένο σκοπό"@el . "foi identificado por"@pt . "Dimension Type"@en . . "P125 использовал объект типа"@ru . "是当前永久位置"@zh . "E74 Menschliche Gruppe"@de . "P49 είναι ή ήταν στην κατοχή του"@el . "est représenté par"@fr . "Source Content Type"@en . . . . "P147i 被管理"@zh . "被承载"@zh . "P111 fügte hinzu"@de . "E79 Προσθήκη Μερών"@el . "E16 Событие Измерения"@ru . "E39 参与者"@zh . "tem identificador preferido"@pt . "P75i κατέχεται από"@el . "P48i é o identificador preferido de"@pt . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of birth-giving mother.\nNote that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The instance of E21 Person being born is linked to the instance of E67 Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) by mother Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (E21). (Parker, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P96(x,y) ⇒ E67(x)\n- P96(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P96(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "活动"@zh . "P95i was formed by"@en . "определил величину"@ru . "exemplifie"@fr . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the active or passive participation of instances of E39 Actors in an instance of E5 Event. \nIt documents known events in which an instance of E39 Actor has participated during the course of that actor’s life or history. The instances of E53 Place and E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instances of E39 Actor in the past. Collective actors, i.e. instances of E74 Group, may physically participate in events via their representing instances of E21 Persons only. The participation of multiple actors in an event is most likely an indication of their acquaintance and interaction.\nThe property implies that the actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. For instance, someone having been portrayed can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait.\n\nExamples:\n- Napoleon (E21) participated in The Battle of Waterloo (E7). (Dawson, 2018)\n- Maria (E21) participated in Photographing of Maria (E7). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P11(x,y) ⇒ E5(x)\n- P11(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P11(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "P19i 用于"@zh . "P43i é dimensão de"@pt . "P101" . "P165 incorporates"@en . "P150" . "в данный момент содержит"@ru . "P41i был классифицирован посредством"@ru . "E78 Curated Holding"@en . "P56i" . "Sarah Wagner" . "hatte den bestimmten Zweck"@de . "P32 benutzte das allgemeine Verfahren"@de . "Gruppenauflösung"@de . "P196 defines"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that leaves an instance of E74 Group through an instance of E86 Leaving.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated George Washington (E21). (Unger, 2015)\n- The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated Greenland (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P145(x,y) ⇒ E86(x)\n- P145(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P145(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . . "P16 использовал особый объект"@ru . "分类"@zh . "Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E53 Place with an instance of E94 Space Primitive that defines it. Syntactic variants or use of different scripts may result in multiple instances of E94 Space Primitive defining exactly the same place. Transformations between different reference systems always result in new definitions of places approximating each other and not in alternative definitions.\n\nExamples:\n- The centroid from https://sws.geonames.org/735927 (E53) place is defined by 40°31'17.9\"N 21°15'48.3\"E (E94). [A single point for approximating the centre of the city of Kastoria, Greece]\n- Martin’s coordinates for Kastoria (E53) place is defined by 40°30'23\"N 21°14'53\"E, 40°31'40\"N 21°16'43\"E (E94). [A square covering the built settlement structure of Kastoria, Greece]\n- Martin’s centroid for Kastoria (E53) place is defined by 40°31'01.5\"N 21°15'48\"E (E94). [A point in the lake of Kastoria in the centre of the area covered by the city]\n- The position measured by Alexander von Humboldt for the Plaza Mayor in Cumaná, Sucre, Venezuela 1799-1800AD (E53) place is defined by 10°27'52\"N 66°30'02\"W (E94). [West of the Observatory of Paris = 64°09'51\"W of Greenwich, actually 1.1km east of today’s Plaza Andrés Eloy Blanco of Cumaná] (Humboldt, 1859)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P168(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P168(x,y) ⇒ E94(y)\n"@en . "E65" . "Objet élaboré par l’humain"@fr . . "имеет бывшего или текущего владельца"@ru . "P107i" . "brachte in Existenz"@de . "P109" . "diminished"@en . "P15 wurde beeinflußt durch"@de . "P10i περιλαμβάνει"@el . "P124i" . "P79 hat Anfangsbegründung"@de . "participated in"@en . "P176i starts after the start of"@en . . "P188i is production tool for"@en . "occupies"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that becomes member of an instance of E74 Group in an instance of E85 Joining.\nJoining events allow for describing actors becoming members of a group with the more detailed path E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of).\n\nExamples:\n- The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (E21). (Galeotti, 1997)\n- The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined Denmark (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P143(x,y) ⇒ E85(x)\n- P143(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P143(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "wurde kuratorisch betreut durch"@de . "P15i επηρέασε"@el . "E69 死亡"@zh . . "3D_Modell"@de . "sieht den Gebrauch vor von"@de . "Daseinsbeginn"@de . "произвел"@ru . . "Título"@pt . "P12i war anwesend bei"@de . "P19i был создан для"@ru . "показывает визуальный предмет"@ru . "P125i" . "P2i est le type de"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the active or passive participation of instances of E39 Actors in an instance of E5 Event. \nIt documents known events in which an instance of E39 Actor has participated during the course of that actor’s life or history. The instances of E53 Place and E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instances of E39 Actor in the past. Collective actors, i.e. instances of E74 Group, may physically participate in events via their representing instances of E21 Persons only. The participation of multiple actors in an event is most likely an indication of their acquaintance and interaction.\nThe property implies that the actor was involved in the event but does not imply any causal relationship. For instance, someone having been portrayed can be said to have participated in the creation of the portrait.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Napoleon (E21) participated in The Battle of Waterloo (E7). (Dawson, 2018)\n- Maria (E21) participated in Photographing of Maria (E7). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P11(x,y) ⇒ E5(x)\n- P11(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P11(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "P79 início é qualificado por"@pt . "P123i" . . "E11 Modification"@fr . "E16 Mesurage"@fr . . "P12i was present at"@en . . . "P157" . "P1i" . "P65 εμφανίζει οπτικό στοιχείο"@el . . "représente l'entité visuelle"@fr . "Quantification: many to many, necessary(1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E53 Place with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that determines a reference space for this instance of E53 Place by being at rest with respect to this reference space. The relative stability of form of an instance of E18 Physical Thing defines its default reference space. The reference space is not spatially limited to the referred thing. For example, a ship determines a reference space in terms of which other ships in its neighbourhood may be described. Larger constellations of matter, such as continental plates, may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them and define the same reference space.\n\nExamples:\n- The spatial extent of the municipality of Athens in 2014 (E53) is at rest relative to The Royal Observatory in Greenwich (E25). (Maunder, 1900)\n- The place where Lord Nelson died on H.M.S. Victory (E53) is at rest relative to H.M.S. Victory (E22). (Adkin, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P157(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P157(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n"@en . . "P89i contient"@fr . "é ou foi guardador de"@pt . . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links a particular instance of E72 Legal Object to the instances of E30 Right to which it is subject.\nThe Right is held by an instance of E39 Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Beatles back catalogue (E89) is subject to reproduction right on the Beatles back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P104(x,y) ⇒ E72(x)\n- P104(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)\n"@en . "Präsentationsart"@de . "a assigné l’attribut à"@fr . "is time-span of"@en . "E20 Βιολογικό Ακτικείμενο"@el . "P55 βρίσκεται σε"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the intellectual or conceptual aspects of recognisable marks and images.\nThis class does not intend to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of a visual item, but the underlying prototype. For example, a mark such as the ICOM logo is generally considered to be the same logo when used on any number of publications. The size, orientation, and colour may change, but the logo remains uniquely identifiable. The same is true of images that are reproduced many times. This means that visual items are independent of their physical support.\nThe E36 Visual Item class provides a means of identifying and linking together instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that carry the same visual symbols, marks, or images, etc. The property P62 depicts (is depicted by) between E24 Physical Human-Made Thing and the depicted subjects (E1 CRM Entity) can be regarded as a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which in addition captures the optical features of the depiction.\n\nExamples:\n- the visual appearance of Monet’s “La Pie” (Bortolatto, 1981)\n- the Coca-Cola logo (E34)\n- the Chi-Rho (E37)\n- the communist red star (E37)\n- the surface shape of Auguste Rodin's statue \"Le Penseur\" [There exist more than 20 copies, even of different size. Therefore, this is a good example that it is only the common surface shape, an immaterial visual item, which justifies displaying these copies as works of Auguste Rodin. As usual practice, Rodin himself did not produce the bronze statue, but only the prototype model.]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E36(x) ⇒ E73(x)\n"@en . . . "gave birth"@en . "P25i foi locomovido por"@pt . . "P56i wird gefunden auf"@de . "Benennung"@de . "имеет язык"@ru . . "enthält"@de . "P142i a été mobilisé dans"@fr . "P146 a dissocié de"@fr . "P139 has alternative form"@en . "P144 verband mit"@de . "απεικονίζεται σε"@el . "E55 Tipo"@pt . "死亡的是"@zh . "P98i 被诞生"@zh . "This class describes the museum or collection affiliation of instances of the object class (nfdi4objects:Object) in the object biography and thus forms a central event in the life history of objects. With the process of musealization, material legacies of human and environmental history first become objects, as they previously had a concrete context of use and are removed from the economic cycle and acquire a new meaning when they are included in a collection. They become so-called semiophores (cf. Pomian, Krzysztof: Ursprung des Museums. Vom Sammeln, 1987.), which on the one hand possess materiality and on the other are given meaning or represent something on the basis of which they were first added to a collection.\nThe museum or collection affiliation begins with the acquisition (crm:E8_Acquisition), in which the object is legally acquired, followed by physical access (nfdi4objects:Accession) to the institution's premises. In the case of historical collection context texts, these processes can often not be precisely determined. It is also not uncommon for the legal situation of the acquisition to no longer be precisely reconstructable. Museum or collection affiliation ends when the object is disposed of or restituted by the museum.\n\nExamples:\nThe affiliation of the Rosetta Stone to the collection of the British Museum\nThe Behaim Globe belongs to the collection of the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E74 Group with an instance of E39 Actor that is or has been a member thereof.\nInstances of E74 Group and E21 Person may all be members of instances of E74 Group. An instance of E74 Group may be founded initially without any member. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined to E39 Actor.\nThe property P107.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- László Moholy-Nagy (E21) is current or former member of Bauhaus (E74). (Moholy-Nagy, 2012)\n- National Museum of Science and Industry (E74) has current or former member The National Railway Museum (E74). (Rolt, 1971)\n- The married couple Queen Elisabeth and Prince Phillip (E74) has current or former member Prince Phillip (E21) kind of member husband (E55). (Brandreth, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P107(x,y) ⇒ E74(x)\n- P107(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P107(x,y,z) ⇒ [P107(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P107(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E85(z) ˄ P144i(x,z) ˄ P143(z,y)]\n"@en . "Визуальный Предмет"@ru . "P1 wird bezeichnet als"@de . "P111 a ajouté"@fr . "P32i foi técnica da"@pt . "a mobilisé comme technique spécifique"@fr . "Personne"@fr . "from father"@en . "P143i a adhéré par"@fr . "άλλαξε ιδιοκτησία μέσω"@el . "E86 Leaving"@en . "P90 has value"@en . "E64" . "E15 Assignation d’identifiant"@fr . "had presence"@en . "P25 moved"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the inclusion relationship between two instances of E52 Time-Span.\nThis property supports the notion that the temporal extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span falls within the temporal extent of another instance of E52 Time-Span. It addresses temporal containment only, and no contextual link between the two instances of E52 Time-Span is implied. This property is transitive and reflexive.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The time-span of the Apollo 11 moon mission (E52) falls within the time-span of the reign of Queen Elizabeth II (E52). (Riley, 2009; Robinson, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) \n- P86(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n- [P86(x,y) ∧ P86(y,z)] ⇒ P86(x,z)\n- P86(x,x)\n"@en . "εξαλείφθηκε από"@el . "P55i currently holds"@en . "a pour propriétaire actuel"@fr . "P94 criou"@pt . . "Σχέδιο"@el . "перечислен в"@ru . "is at rest relative to"@en . "wechselte Gewahrsam durch"@de . . . "P31i wurde verändert durch"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates two instances of E7 Activity, where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range. A continuation of an activity may happen when the continued activity is still ongoing or after the continued activity has completely ended. The continuing activity may have started already before it decided to continue the other one. Continuation implies a coherence of intentions and outcomes of the involved activities.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- The construction of the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral), abandoned in the 15(th) century (E7), was continued by construction in the 19(th) century (E7). [The construction in the 19(th) century adapted the initial plans so as to preserve the intended appearance.] (Wolff, 1999)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P134(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P134(x,y)⇒ E7(y) \n- P134(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n- P134(x,y) ⇒ P176i(x,y)\n- P134(x,y) ⇒ ¬P134(y,x)\n"@en . "P143 joined"@en . . "P103 bestimmt für"@de . "P65i est représenté par"@fr . "Diese Klasse beschreibt das Ereignis der Beauftragung der ideellen und physischen Erschaffung von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt durch einen Akteur. Die Beauftragung wird im Kontext der Entstehungsgeschichte des Objekts als Teilereignis modelliert.\n\nZ.B. die Beauftragung des Behaim Globus durch den Rat der Stadt Nürnberg und seine Ratsmitglieder."@de . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of biological father.\nNote that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born).\nThis is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. \nAn instance of E67 Birth is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father.\n\nExamples:\n- King George VI (E21) was father for the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67). (Parker, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P97(x,y) ⇒ E67(x)\n- P97(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n"@en . . "P126 verwendete"@de . . "P19 era prevista a utilização de"@pt . "a été la finalité de"@fr . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises 4-dimensional point sets (volumes) in physical spacetime (in contrast to mathematical models of it) regardless of their true geometric forms. They may derive their identity from being the extent of a material phenomenon or from being the interpretation of an expression defining an extent in spacetime. Intersections of instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, E53 Place, and E52 Time-Span are also regarded as instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. An instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is either contiguous or composed of a finite number of contiguous subsets. Its boundaries may be fuzzy due to the properties of the phenomena it derives from or due to the limited precision up to which defining expression can be identified with a real extent in spacetime. The duration of existence of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is its projection on time.\n\nExamples:\n- the extent in space and time of the Event of Caesar’s murder (Irwin, 1935)\n- where and when the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 took place (Kouwenhoven, 1997)\n- the spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Victory from its building to its actual location (Goodwin, 2015)\n- the extent in space and time defined by a polygon approximating the Danube river flood in Austria between 6(th) and 9(th) August 2002\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E92(x) ⇒ E1(x)\n"@en . "P73i est traduction de"@fr . . "E87 管理"@zh . "passou a existir por"@pt . "Обозначение"@ru . "P24 a transféré le titre de propriété de"@fr . . "P140i χαρακτηρίστηκε από"@el . "a ajouté"@fr . "P28i" . "E21 Person"@de . "This class is used to document statements made about instances of the class Object or properties assigned to them regarding the nature of their E41 Appellation from instances of the class Source Content.\n\nExample: Event of the attribution of the designation \"Ain big crocodile. Lack the two front feet\" for Object specimen of a large crocodile without front feet in source Anonymus B."@en . . "P98 породил"@ru . "έγινε για"@el . "P99i a été dissous par"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E33 Linguistic Object (A), to another instance of E33 Linguistic Object (B) which is the translation of A.\nWhen an instance of E33 Linguistic Object is translated into a new language a new instance of E33 Linguistic Object is created, despite the translation being conceptually similar to the source.\nThis property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- “Les Baigneurs” (E33) has translation “The Bathers” (E33). (Spiers & Surenne, 1854)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(x)\n- P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(y) \n- P73(x,y) ⇒ P130i(x,y)\n- P73(x,y) ⇒ ¬P73(y,x)\n"@en . . "P7 a eu lieu dans"@fr . "E30 Right"@en . "被创建"@zh . "P98 έφερε στη ζωή"@el . "E90" . "E81 转变"@zh . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the location of an instance of E4 Period with respect to an instance of E18 Physical Thing. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P7 took place at, E53 Place, P156i is occupied by to E18 Physical Thing.\nIt describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an E19 Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant. \nFor example, the French and German armistice of 22(nd) June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11(th) November 1918.\n\nExamples:\n- The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (E7) took place on or within Westminster Abbey (E18). (Strong, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P8(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)\n- P8(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P8(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P7(x,z) ˄ P156i(z,y)]\n"@en . "αποτελείται από"@el . "P37 assigned"@en . "P8i" . "Modèle de produit"@fr . "P42i wurde zugewiesen durch"@de . "是父亲"@zh . "P28 übergab Gewahrsam an"@de . "Activity"@en . "est mort par"@fr . "документирует"@ru . "tinha propósito geral"@pt . "P146i" . . "имел дело с"@ru . "P86 fällt in"@de . "Surrender of Custody"@en . "ongoing throughout"@en . "P107i είναι ή ήταν μέλος του/της"@el . "P81b" . . "Inscrição"@pt . "foi uso de"@pt . "hat Zeitspanne"@de . . "конец ограничен"@ru . . "E54 Μέγεθος"@el . "P111i προστέθηκε από"@el . "E66 Formation"@en . . "语种"@zh . "生物对象"@zh . "abrange no máximo"@pt . "παρουσιάζει χαρακτηριστικά του/της"@el . "est la forme alternative de"@fr . "E17 Typuszuweisung"@de . . "Type Creation"@en . "έχει τιμή"@el . "P98i was born"@en . "wurde zerstört durch"@de . "P37i был присвоен посредством"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E21 Person or E74 Group that was the owner of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current owner Historic England (E74). [This is still valid 2021 CE. The important collection of Old Master and British portraits was bequeathed to Kenwood by Edward Cecil Guinness, 1(st) Earl of Iveagh, in 1927.] (Iveagh Bequest, 1975; Bryant, 1990)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P52(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P52(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P52(x,y) ⇒ P51(x,y)\n- P52(x,y) ⇒ P105(x,y)\n- P52(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ P22(z,y) ]\n- ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E8(w) ˄ P24i(x,w) ˄ P23(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]\n"@en . "Art_des_Befunds"@de . "Morte"@pt . "Sammlungssystematik Zuweisung"@de . . "P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with"@en . "P103 was intended for"@en . . "P44i 是状况"@zh . "Биологический Объект"@ru . "foi tipo do objeto usado em"@pt . "P28i a cédé la garde par"@fr . "E27" . "Μεταβίβαση Κατοχής"@el . . "P59i se situe sur ou dans"@fr . "P37 wies zu"@de . . "a eu pour présence"@fr . "P71i 列于"@zh . . "P14i a effectué"@fr . "Zuweisung einer Objektart"@de . "P135i wurde geschaffen durch"@de . "benutzte das bestimmte Verfahren"@de . . "is defined by"@en . . . "P29i" . "P125 χρησιμοποίησε αντικείμενο τύπου"@el . "übertrug Besitztitel auf"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises aggregations of instances of E18 Physical Thing that are assembled and maintained (“curated” and “preserved,” in museological terminology) by one or more instances of E39 Actor over time for a specific purpose and audience, and according to a particular collection development plan. Typical instances of curated holdings are museum collections, archives, library holdings and digital libraries. A digital library is regarded as an instance of E18 Physical Thing because it requires keeping physical carriers of the electronic content.\nItems may be added or removed from an E78 Curated Holding in pursuit of this plan. This class should not be confused with the E39 Actor maintaining the E78 Curated Holding who is often referred to using the name of the E78 Curated Holding (e.g. “The Wallace Collection decided…”). \nCollective objects in the general sense, like a tomb full of gifts, a folder with stamps, or a set of chessmen, should be documented as instances of E19 Physical Object, and not as instances of E78 Curated Holding. This is because they form wholes, either because they are physically bound together or because they are kept together for their functionality.\n\nExamples:\n- the John Clayton Herbarium (Blake, 1918), (Natural History Museum, 2021)\n- the Wallace Collection (Ingamells, 1990)\n- Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium at the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Trondheim, Norway (Woelkerling et al., 2005)\n- the Digital Collections of the Munich DigitiZation Center (MDZ) accessible via https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/ at least in January 2018.\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E78(x) ⇒ E24(x)\n"@en . "E56 Sprache"@de . "Перемещение"@ru . "P15 находился под влиянием"@ru . "был результатом"@ru . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises physical features that are purposely created by human activity, such as scratches, artificial caves, artificial water channels, etc. In particular, it includes the information encoding features on mechanical or digital carriers.\n\nExamples:\n- the Manchester Ship Canal (Farnie, 1980)\n- Michael Jackson’s nose following plastic surgery\n- the laser-readable “pits” engraved June 2014 on Martin Doerr’s CD-R, copying songs of Edith Piaf\n- the carved letters on the Rosetta Stone\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E25(x) ⇒ E24(x)\n- E25(x) ⇒ E26(x)\n"@en . "bestimmt für"@de . "E41 称谓"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity used in the attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity here plays the role of the range of the attribution.\nThe kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned Martin Doerr (E21). (fictitious)\n- The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned 232 (E42). (fictitious)\n- The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned unsupported (E55.) (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P141(x,y) ⇒ E13(x)\n- P141(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an instance of E39 Actor that is or had been the legal owner (i.e. title holder) of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time.\nThe distinction with P52 has current owner (is current owner of) is that P51 has former or current owner (is former or current owner of) does not indicate whether the specified owners are current. \nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P23 transferred title from, or P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor.\n\nExamples:\n- The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current owner Lord Iveagh (E21). (Bryant, 1990)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P51(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P51(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P51(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ [P23(z,y) ˅ P22(z,y) ]]\n"@en . "владеет правом на"@ru . "P65 показывает визуальный предмет"@ru . "witnessed"@en . "P136" . "P98i veio à vida pelo"@pt . . "Zustandsphase"@de . "a été la finalité de"@fr . . . . "P41 classified"@en . "P176i" . . "P20i era o propósito de"@pt . "P23i 出让所有权"@zh . . "有组成部分数"@zh . "ist früherer oder derzeitiger Betreuer von"@de . . "被诞生"@zh . . "a pour dimension"@fr . "P96i gebar"@de . "P57 a pour nombre d’éléments"@fr . "был удален посредством"@ru . "P30i a été l’objet d’un transfert de garde par"@fr . "P49i является бывшим или текущим смотрителем для"@ru . . "P97 pelo pai"@pt . "has current keeper"@en . "P29 übertrug Gewahrsam auf"@de . "Diese Klasse dient dazu, über Instanzen der Klasse Object getätigte Aussagen oder ihnen zugewiesene Eigenschaften bezüglich der Art ihrer Herstellungstechnik aus Instanzen der Klasse Source Content zu dokumentieren.\n\nBeispiel: die Zuweisung der Technik \"geschnitten\" für das Objekt \"Der Große Kurfürst als Heiliger Georg\" laut dem Reisebericht von Silbermann \"[...] die aus hartem Eißen geschnittene kleine Statua [...]\"."@de . "был увеличен посредством"@ru . . "P15 was influenced by"@en . "Handlung"@de . "P75 é detentor de"@pt . "περιέχει"@el . "μετέτρεψε"@el . "Transformation"@fr . "Objet biologique"@fr . "E36 可视项"@zh . "E81 Transformation"@fr . "P129i 是主题"@zh . . "E17 Atribuição de Tipo"@pt . "P53i 是之前或当前位置"@zh . "P27 moved from"@en . . "P50i is current keeper of"@en . "Materielles"@de . . "Description"@en . "foi removido por"@pt . "E6 Destruction"@fr . . "Maßeinheit"@de . "E77 Entité persistante"@fr . . "P48 tem identificador preferido"@pt . . "übergab Gewahrsam an"@de . "Diese Klasse umfasst die Aktionen der Dokumentation, Zeitpunkt der Vergabe einer Inventarnummer oder die Erarbeitung eines Zustandsprotokolls zu einem Objekt durch den Kurator oder einen Sammlungsmitarbeiter. \n\nBeispiel: Eingabe eines Objektdatensatzes in die Datenbank der Sammlung durch Mitarbeiter XY."@de . "tem nota"@pt . "起因于"@zh . "P25 переместил"@ru . "formou"@pt . . . "P106i forms part of"@en . . "E74 Groupe"@fr . "P11 είχε συμμέτοχο"@el . "E71" . . "E13 属性赋值"@zh . "Diese Klasse beschreibt die Zuweisung der Art eines Erwerbs bzw. eines Übertrags von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects_Object) im Kontext eines Besitz- oder Eigentumswechsels (crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody) zwischen zwei Akteuren (Vorbesitzer und Nachbesitzer) und belegt durch möglichst genaue Quellenangabe (nfdi4objects:Source_Content_Section), woher diese Informationen stammen.\n\nBeispiel: \nDie Zuweisung der Art des Erwerbs \"Raub\" des Idia Elfenbeinanhängers, der sich heute im British Museum unter der Inventarnummer BM_Af1910_5-13_1 befindet, durch Britische Truppen vom Königreich Benin im Rahmen der Strafexpedition 1897 laut Angabe im Onlineportal Digital Benin unter der URL https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/5_Af191005131."@de . "trägt Merkmal"@de . "P81a" . . "E83 Δημιουργία Τύπου"@el . . . "Diese Klasse umfasst die kuratierte öffentliche Ausstellungen von Instanzen der Klasse Object, wobei es hier nicht um die zeitliche Dimension im Sinne eines Ereignisses geht, sondern vielmehr um die Konstellation physischer Gegenstände, wie Raum, Ausstellungsmobiliar und Objekte z.B. die Ausstellung der Berliner Kunstkammer 1930 in den Funkturmhallen bestehend aus drei Räumen."@de . "P112" . "Ende vom Ende"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(end) is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by}\nTypically, this property is a consequence of a known influence of some event on another event or activity, such as a novel written by someone being continued by someone else, or the knowledge of a defeat on a distant battlefield causing people to end their ongoing activities. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. \n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_03.png\n\n\nFigure 10: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_04.png\n\n\nFigure 11: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The settling activity of the city of Assur (Ashur) (E7) starts before the end of The Tenth Dynasty of Egypt (E4). [There are some 200 - 300 years differences in the chronology of the First Intermediate Period, and Assur is dated to “about 2500 BC”.] (Pedersén, 1986)\n- The building of the current St. Peters in Rome (E7) starts before the end of the demolition of the old 4(th) c. St. Peters (E6, E7) (Bosman, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P174(x,y) ⇒ P173(x,y)\n- ¬P174(x,x)\n"@en . "Evento"@pt . . "é composto de"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises actions intentionally carried out by instances of E39 Actor that result in changes of state in the cultural, social, or physical systems documented. \nThis notion includes complex, composite, and long-lasting actions such as the building of a settlement or a war, as well as simple, short-lived actions such as the opening of a door.\n\nExamples:\n- the Battle of Stalingrad (Hoyt, 1993)\n- the Yalta Conference (Harbutt, 2010)\n- my birthday celebration 28-6-1995\n- the writing of “Faust” by Goethe (E65) (Williams, 2020)\n- the formation of the Bauhaus 1919 (E66) (Droste, 2006)\n- the people of Iraq giving the name ‘Quyunjig’ to the place identified by the TGN as ‘7017998’\n- Kira Weber working in glass art from 1984 to 1993\n- Kira Weber working in oil and pastel painting from 1993\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E7(x) ⇒ E5(x)\n"@en . . "est possédé par"@fr . "E21 人物"@zh . . "P67 涉及"@zh . "имеет перевод"@ru . "P101 tem como uso geral"@pt . "P123" . "P68i συνήθως χρησιμοποιείται από"@el . "a effectué"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the identifier that was deassigned from an instance of E1 CRM Entity.\nDe-assignment of an identifier may be necessary when an item is taken out of an inventory, a new numbering system is introduced or items are merged or split up. \nThe same identifier may be deassigned on more than one occasion.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The identifier assignment on 31(st) July 2001 of the silver cup OXCMS:2001.1.32 (E15) deassigned “232” (E42). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P38(x,y) ⇒ E15(x)\n- P38(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) \n- P38(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . . "Material Assignment"@en . "E30 权限"@zh . "P126i" . . "P22i acquired title through"@en . . "P22 передал право собственности"@ru . "Caractéristique physique"@fr . "είναι θέση του"@el . . . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E29 Design or Procedure that completely determines the production of instances of E18 Physical Thing. The resulting instances of E18 Physical Thing are considered exemplars of this instance of E99 Product Type when the process specified is correctly executed. Note that the respective instance of E29 Design or Procedure may not necessarily be fixed in a written/graphical form, and may require the use of tools or models unique to the product type. The same instance of E99 Product Type may be associated with several variant plans.\n\nExamples:\n- Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) has production plan the production plans for Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E29). (Rieger, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P187(x,y) ⇒ E99(x)\n- P187(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)\n"@en . "P39" . "E9 Locomoção"@pt . "P16 a mobilisé l’objet spécifique"@fr . "is unit of"@en . "P128i φέρεται από"@el . "是语种"@zh . "P3 has note"@en . "E81 Трансформация"@ru . "P42 assigned"@en . . . "perdeu os direitos de propriedade por meio da"@pt . "P138i has representation"@en . "αρχή του τέλους"@el . . . . . "a déplacé"@fr . . "Source Content Section"@en . "P51i ist früherer oder derzeitiger Besitzer von"@de . "P138 représente"@fr . . "имеет район"@ru . "P41i" . "P81 длится в течение"@ru . "hat derzeitiges oder früheres Mitglied"@de . "E56 Língua"@pt . "trouxe à vida"@pt . . "realizada por"@pt . "是之前或当前位置"@zh . . "材质"@zh . "已评估"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises immaterial items, including but not limited to stories, plots, procedural prescriptions, algorithms, laws of physics or images that are, or represent in some sense, sets of propositions about real or imaginary things and that are documented as single units or serve as topic of discourse. \nThis class also comprises items that are “about” something in the sense of a subject. In the wider sense, this class includes expressions of psychological value such as non-figural art and musical themes. However, conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E89 Propositional Object. This should not be confused with the definition of a type, which is indeed an instance of E89 Propositional Object.\n\nExamples:\n- Maxwell’s Equations (Ball, 1962)\n- the ideational contents of Aristotle’s book entitled ‘Metaphysics’ as rendered in the Greek texts translated in Oxford edition\n- the underlying prototype of any “no-smoking” sign (E36)\n- the common ideas of the plots of the movie “The Seven Samurai” by Akira Kurosawa and the movie “The Magnificent Seven” by John Sturges (Mellen, 2002)\n- the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36)\n- the character “Little Red Riding Hood”, variants of which appear amongst others in Grimm brothers’ “Rotkäppchen”, other oral fairy tales and the film “Hoodwinked”\n- the place “Havnor” as invented by Ursula K. Le Guin for her “Earthsea” book series, the related maps and appearing in derivative works based on these novels\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E89(x) ⇒ E28(x)\n"@en . "a eu lieu durant"@fr . "hat Kontaktpunkt"@de . "Adhésion"@fr . "E41 Appellation"@en . "E52 Time-Span"@en . . "has created"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises encyclopaedia, thesauri, authority lists and other documents that define terminology or conceptual systems for consistent use.\n\nExamples:\n- Webster's Dictionary (Herbert, 1994)\n- Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty Trust, 1990)\n- the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (Gergatsoulis et al., 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E32(x) ⇒ E31(x)\n"@en . "Objektbewegung"@de . "P70 documente"@fr . . . . "P20i был целью для"@ru . . "执行者是"@zh . "является предметом для"@ru . "P67 referencia"@pt . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(end )is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, during}.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_15.png\n\n\nFigure 22: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_16.png\n\n\nFigure 23: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- Godstow Abbey, Oxfordshire as a working abbey (E4 Period) ends before the end of the reign of Henry VIII (E4 Period).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P185(x,y) ⇒ P184(x,y)\n- [P185(x,y) ∧ P185(y,z)] ⇒ P185(x,z)P185(x,y) ⇒ ¬P185(y,x)\n"@en . "E9 Μετακίνηση"@el . . "是当前或以往成员"@zh . "bewegte"@de . . "is temporally specified by"@en . "P38i a été retiré par"@fr . "consiste de"@pt . . "referencia"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises those material or immaterial items to which instances of E30 Right, such as the right of ownership or use, can be applied. \nThis is generally true for all instances of E18 Physical Thing. In the case of instances of E28 Conceptual Object, however, the identity of an instance of E28 Conceptual Object or the method of its use may be too ambiguous to reliably establish instances of E30 Right, as in the case of taxa and inspirations. Ownership of corporations is currently regarded as out of scope of the CIDOC CRM.\n\nExamples:\n- the Cullinan diamond (E19) (Scarratt and Shor, 2006)\n- definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model Version 5.0.4 (E73) (ISO 21127: 2014)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E72(x) ⇒ E70(x)\n"@en . "E53 Local"@pt . "E8 Erwerb"@de . "P3 hat Anmerkung"@de . "E79 Part Addition"@en . . "P140i foi atribuído por"@pt . "defines"@en . . "ήταν προορισμένη χρήση του"@el . "This class comprises the types of licences specified for the (re-)use of instances of Image (nfdi4objects:Image) or for the metadata of records (nfdi4objects:Dataset) of instances of Object (nfdi4objects:Object) by third parties, \ne.g. Creative Commons Licences like CC-BY-SA 3.0."@en . "erhielt Gewahrsam durch"@de . "Παραγωγή"@el . "P11 有参与者"@zh . "P107 a pour membre actuel ou antérieur"@fr . "P180i était l’unité monétaire de"@fr . . . "P76i предоставляет доступ к"@ru . . "Αρχή Ύπαρξης"@el . "P98" . . . "发生地在"@zh . . "E69 Death"@en . "P16" . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an instance of E53 Place as the former or current location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing.\nIn the case of instances of E19 Physical Object, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the instance of E19 Physical Object was located at this instance of E53 Place, nor if this is the current location.\nIn the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation.\nThis property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, though, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to or P27 moved from to E53 Place.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has former or current location Display Case 4, Room 23, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P53(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P53(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P53(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ [P26(z,y) ˅ P27(z,y)]]\n"@en . "Informationsgegenstand"@de . "P62i описан посредством"@ru . "P174 starts before the end of"@en . . "P134i 被继续"@zh . "αναφέρεται από"@el . "P67 αναφέρεται σε"@el . "P21i war Zweck von"@de . . "P31 τροποποίησε"@el . "P134 продолжил"@ru . "é empregado por"@pt . "é unidade de"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the types of measurement units: feet, inches, centimetres, litres, lumens, etc. \nThis type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E58 Measurement Unit, e.g. “instances of cm”.\nSystème International (SI) units or internationally recognized non-SI terms should be used whenever possible, such as those defined by ISO80000:2009. Archaic Measurement Units used in historical records should be preserved.\n\nExamples:\n- cm [centimetre]\n- km [kilometre]\n- m [metre]\n- m/s [metres per second] (Hau et al., 1999)\n- A [ampere]\n- GRD [Greek Drachma] (E98) (Daniel, 2014)\n- C [degrees centigrade] (Beckman, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E58(x) ⇒ E55(x)\n"@en . . "E54 Dimension"@en . . . "P134i был продолжен"@ru . "a été la destination de"@fr . . "Présence"@fr . . "E3 Состояние"@ru . "a eu pour finalité spécifique"@fr . "Acquisition"@fr . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben menschliche Gruppen oder Gemeinschaften, die ein gemeinsames Ziel verfolgen oder gemeinsame Werte oder Kultur teilen. Im Gegensatz zu Körperschaften sind sie nicht im modernen Sinn institutionell verankert.\n\nBeispiele:\nHerkunftsgesellschaften\nEthnische Gruppen\nder historische Rat der Stadt Nürnberg\ndie Werkstatt Lucas Cranach"@de . "P146 脱离"@zh . "P106" . . "被观测"@zh . "Личность"@ru . . . "посредством матери"@ru . "P97i war Vater für"@de . "E97" . "P126 employed"@en . "αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . . "P123i 起因于"@zh . "P54 имеет текущее постоянное местоположение"@ru . "был смертью для"@ru . "P124 трансформировал"@ru . . "E5 Event"@en . "Objeto Lingüístico"@pt . "P173i se termine après ou au moment du début de"@fr . "P25i μετακινήθηκε από"@el . "a déplacé vers"@fr . . . "zerstörte"@de . "有状况"@zh . . . . "P40i a été relevé par"@fr . "承载"@zh . . "έχει κατάσταση"@el . "начать в конце"@ru . "является временным отрезком для"@ru . "lists"@en . "Diese Klasse umfasst digitale Dateien, die Instanzen von E1 CRM Entity dokumentieren oder darstellen, z.B.\n- eine pdf-, eine Word-, eine XML-Datei, ....."@de . "发现特征"@zh . . . "P7 took place at"@en . "P105i possui direitos sobre"@pt . "P102 a pour titre"@fr . "P56i найден на"@ru . "verwendete"@de . "P81b début de la fin"@fr . "Tod"@de . . . "был использован посредством"@ru . "E18 Coisa Material"@pt . "P65i é apresentado por"@pt . "P143i was joined by"@en . "P134 continuou"@pt . "P12 occurred in the presence of"@en . "E31 Document"@fr . "P69 ассоциирован с"@ru . "was a presence of"@en . "starts after or with the end of"@en . "P39i μετρήθηκε από"@el . "P164i spécifie temporellement"@fr . "Umwandlung"@de . "has broader term"@en . "组成成分是"@zh . "is condition of"@en . "是组件"@zh . "foi modificada por"@pt . . . "P140i was attributed by"@en . "P74i est la résidence actuelle ou antérieure de"@fr . "E32 Πηγή Καθιερωμένων Όρων"@el . "P22i" . "E66 Событие Формирования"@ru . "P100 ήταν θάνατος του/της"@el . "P74 a pour résidence actuelle ou antérieure"@fr . . "состоит из"@ru . "P37i αποδόθηκε ως ιδιότητα από"@el . "Diese Klasse umfasst Ereignisse, die die Deakzession von Instanzen der Klasse E22 Human made Object aus Instanzen der Klasse Collection beschreiben, z.B.\ndie Abgabe des Narwalzahns aus der Berliner Kunstkammer an die Franckeschen Stiftungen Halle."@de . "P74i является текущим или бывшим местом жительства для"@ru . . "E33 Objet linguistique"@fr . "é exemplificado por"@pt . "用于"@zh . "P189" . "P40i" . "P128i é suportado por"@pt . "переместил"@ru . "a été l'usage général de"@fr . "P171 quelque part dans"@fr . "starts after the end of"@en . . . "P96i" . "était l’unité monétaire de"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nThis property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the instance of E53 Place associated with the instance of E19 Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the object has been at the current location. \nThis property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e., indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, through, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to to E53 Place if and only if this Move is the most recent.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has current location Display Cabinet 23, Room 4, British Museum (E53). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P55(x,y) ⇒ E19(x)\n- P55(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) \n- P55(x,y) ⇒ P53(x,y)\n- P55(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [ [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ P26(z,y)]\n- ˄ ¬​ (∃w) [E9(w) ˄ P25i(x,w) ˄ P27(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]​\n"@en . . "P111 προσέθεσε"@el . . "définit l’ensemble typique pour"@fr . "P197 covered parts of"@en . "E2 Временная Сущность"@ru . "Place"@en . "Ende des Anfangs"@de . . "a produit"@fr . "P59 tem seção"@pt . "P183" . "P24 übertrug Besitz über"@de . "Линвистический Объект"@ru . "Instances of this class describe events in the history of objects in which instances of the class “Object” are copied or reinterpreted by other actors over time, and new works in culture, art, literature, or science emerge from this process of copying, interpretation, or recreation. \n\nE.g. The production of a facsimile of the Behaim Globe from 1492 for the Bibliothéque National de France in 1847\n\nE.g. The depiction of the Behaim Globe in the film “The Immortal Heart”"@en . "Πρόσωπο"@el . . "γεννήθηκε από"@el . "removed"@en . "был изменен посредством"@ru . "holds or supports"@en . "E26" . "est le composant de"@fr . . "P4 hat Zeitspanne"@de . "E56 Γλώσσα"@el . "ήταν προορισμός του/της"@el . "P122 συνορεύει με"@el . "P130 显示特征"@zh . "a mobilisé l’objet du type"@fr . "P51 has former or current owner"@en . "Rechtsobjekt"@de . . "foi medida por"@pt . . . . "CRM实体"@zh . "E65 Δημιουργία"@el . "P27 bewegte weg von"@de . "Πράγμα"@el . . . . "P94" . . "P50 has current keeper"@en . "custody received by"@en . "a eu pour résultat"@fr . "P188" . . "Achat"@fr . "used constituent"@en . "P135 создал тип"@ru . . "P16i foi usado por"@pt . "Document"@en . "ist Dimension von"@de . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises types that stand as the models for instances of E22 Human-Made Object that are produced as the result of production activities using plans exact enough to result in one or more series of uniform, functionally and aesthetically identical and interchangeable items. The product type is the intended ideal form of the manufacture process. It is typical of instances of E22 Human-Made Object that conform to an instance of E99 Product Type that its component parts are interchangeable with component parts of other instances of E22 Human-Made Object made after the model of the same instance of E99 Product Type. Frequently, the uniform production according to a given instance of E99 Product Type is achieved by creating individual tools, such as moulds or print plates that are themselves carriers of the design of the product type. Modern tools may use the flexibility of electronically controlled devices to achieve such uniformity. The product type itself, i.e. the potentially unlimited series of aesthetically equivalent items, may be the target of artistic design, rather than the individual object. In extreme cases, only one instance of a product type may have been produced, such as in a “print on demand” process which was only triggered once. However, this should not be confused with industrial prototypes, such as car prototypes, which are produced prior to the production line being set up, or test the production line itself.\n\nExamples:\n- Volkswagen Type 11 [Beetle] (Rieger, 2013)\n- Dragendorff 54 samian vessel\n- 1937 Edward VIII brass threepenny bit \n- Qin Crossbow trigger un-notched Part B (Bg2u) (Li, 2012)\n- Nokia Cityman 1320 [The first Nokia mobile phone]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E99(x) ⇒ E55(x)\n"@en . . "P183i commence après la fin de"@fr . "wandelte um"@de . "P5i 组成部分"@zh . "Groupe"@fr . . . "P38 ακύρωσε"@el . . . . "ist Typus von"@de . "P86i contains"@en . "P112i was diminished by"@en . "fait partie de"@fr . . "E11 修改"@zh . "получил атрибут посредством"@ru . "P108i a été produit par"@fr . . "была сформирована посредством"@ru . "P50i является текущим смотрителем для"@ru . "P123 повлек появление"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E64 End of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item taken out of existence by it.\nIn the case of immaterial things, the instance of E64 End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier.\nThis allows an “end” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented i.e. instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, and E55 Type. For many instances of E77 Persistent Item we know the maximum life-span and can infer that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an instance of E64 End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The death of Mozart (E69) took out of existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P93(x,y) ⇒ E64(x)\n- P93(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) \n- P93(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "P110 επαύξησε"@el . "P168" . "SP6 Declarative Place in CRMgeo"@en . "a été fondé par"@fr . . "commence après ou au moment du début de"@fr . "идентифицировал"@ru . . "foi influenciado por"@pt . "P5i αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . . . "wurde angeregt durch"@de . "P1 被标识为"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E32 Authority Document with an instance of E1 CRM Entity which it lists for reference purposes.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (E32) lists alcazars (E55). (http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300006897)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P71(x,y) ⇒ E32(x)\n- P71(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n- P71(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "Transfer of Custody"@en . . "P90b" . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who has or has had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. This property leaves open the question if parts of this physical thing have been added or removed during the time-spans it has been under the custody of this actor, but it is required that at least a part which can unambiguously be identified as representing the whole has been under this custody for its whole time. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. \nThe distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current. \nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by or P29 custody received by to E39 Actor.\n\nExamples:\n- The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current keeper Secure Deliveries Inc. (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P49(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P49(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P49(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ [P28(z,y) ˅ P29(z,y) ]]\n"@en . "συνέβη παρουσία του/της"@el . "έχει ιδιοκτήτη"@el . "P35i έχει διαπιστωθεί από"@el . "E86" . "Добавление Части"@ru . "P33 usou técnica específica"@pt . "P122 fronteira com"@pt . "P65 zeigt Bildliches"@de . "P53i est la localisation actuelle ou antérieure de"@fr . "This class includes events describing the deacession of instances of the class E22 Han made Object from instances of the class Collection, e.g.\nthe transfer of the narwhal's tooth from the Berlin Kunstkammer to the Francke Foundations Halle."@en . . "has section"@en . "E83 类型创建"@zh . "P50 有当前保管者"@zh . "Ikonografiezuweisung"@de . "E53 Lieu"@fr . "увеличил"@ru . . "P103i" . . "Diese Klasse umfasst Quellenmaterialien wie Schrift- und Bildgut, die Instanzen der Klasse Objekt und die damit verbundenen Kontexte und Ereignisse dokumentieren."@de . "Titre"@fr . "produziu"@pt . "P52 é propriedade de"@pt . "P72i est la langue de"@fr . . "Titel"@de . . "P62i απεικονίζεται σε"@el . "zeigt Merkmale von"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that is defined by a subset of the phenomena that define the former. Therefore, the spacetime volume of the latter must fall within the spacetime volume of the former.\nThis property is transitive and asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Cretan Bronze Age (E4) consists of Middle Minoan (E4). (Hood, 1971)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(y)\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ P10(y,x)\n- [P9(x,y) ∧ P9(y,z)] ⇒ P9(x,z)\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ ¬P9(y,x)\n"@en . "P82b конец конец"@ru . "E54" . . "P138 представляет"@ru . . "a fondé"@fr . "a été classifié par"@fr . "nahm Teil an"@de . "παρέδωσε κατοχή μέσω"@el . "E25 Caractéristique élaborée par l'humain"@fr . "P146" . . . "requires production tool"@en . "P33i wurde benutzt von"@de . "增加了"@zh . "P79 начало ограничено"@ru . "P23" . . "has condition"@en . "E64 Τέλος Ύπαρξης"@el . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E19 Physical Object that is needed for the production of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. When the process of production is correctly executed in accordance with the plan and using the specified instance of E19 Physical Object, the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing is considered an exemplar of this instance of E99 Product Type. The instance of E19 Physical Object may bear distinct features that are transformed into characteristic features of the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples include models and moulds.\n\nExamples:\n- Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) requires production tool the luggage compartment lid mould for the Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E22). [See thumbnail image of the luggage compartment lid: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg/220px-Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg)] (Rieger, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P188(x,y) ⇒ E99(x)\n- P188(x,y) ⇒ E19(y)\n"@en . . "E66" . "é o suporte de"@pt . . "P97i foi pai para"@pt . . "übertrug Gewahrsam über"@de . "结束存在的是"@zh . "命题对象"@zh . "Νοητικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "P101i a été l'usage général de"@fr . . "P71 περιλαμβάνει"@el . . "P134i wurde fortgesetzt durch"@de . "fin de la fin"@fr . "P5i faz parte de"@pt . "Diese Klasse dient dazu, über Instanzen der Klasse Object getätigte Aussagen oder ihnen zugewiesene Eigenschaften bezüglich der Art ihrer Bezeichnung E41 Appellation aus Instanzen der Klasse Source Content zu dokumentieren.\n\nBeispiel: Ereignis der Zuweisung der Bezeichnung \"Ain grosser Krokodil. Mangeln die beiden Vorderen Füsse\" für das Objekt Präparat eines großen Krokodils ohne Vorderfüße in Quelle Anonymus B."@de . "χρησιμοποίησε"@el . "a été le père pour"@fr . . "is carried by"@en . . "P32i war Verfahren von"@de . "P112i" . "P49i ist früherer oder derzeitiger Betreuer von"@de . "P8" . "P138i wird dargestellt durch"@de . "P42" . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property shows the type of unit an instance of E54 Dimension was expressed in.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The height of silver cup 232 (E54) has unit mm (E58). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P91(x,y) ⇒ E54(x)\n- P91(x,y) ⇒ E58(y)\n"@en . "E36 Bildliches"@de . . "P51i 是以往或当前所有者"@zh . "P107 имеет действующего или бывшего члена"@ru . "εμφανίζει οπτικό στοιχείο"@el . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period. \nThe related instance of E53 Place should be seen as a wider approximation of the geometric area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred, see below. P7 took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (frequently on the surface of the earth). For example, the period “Révolution française” can be said to have taken place in “France in 1789”; the “Victorian” period may be said to have taken place in “Britain from 1837-1901” and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and North America. An instance of E4 Period can take place at multiple non-contiguous, non-overlapping locations.\nAny place where something happened includes the spatial projection of the happening given in the same geometric reference system. For instance, HMS Victory, as place of Lord Nelson's dying, includes the location of his body relative to the hull of HMS Victory at his time of death as the most precise location of his death. By the definition of P161 has spatial projection, an instance of E4 Period takes place on all its spatial projections to respective reference systems, that is, instances of E53 Place. Therefore, this property implies the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within to E53 Place, where both places are defined in the same geometric reference system. The relation between an instance of E53 Place and its reference system can conveniently be documented via the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for).\nSomething that has happened at a given place can also be considered to have happened at a smaller place within it: for example, it is reasonable to say Caesar’s murder took place in Rome, but also on the Forum Romanum, and more precisely in the Curia. It is characteristic for different historical sources to use varying precision in such statements, without being in contradiction with each other. This may be due to lack of knowledge or to the relevance of the precision for the purpose of the statement. In information integration, the more precise statement improves the overall knowledge.\n\nExamples:\n- The period “Révolution française” (E4) took place at the area covered by France in 1789 (E53). (Bertaud, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P7(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)\n- P7(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P7(x,y) ⇒ (∃z,u) [P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)]\n- [E4(x) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(v,u) ˄ P7(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,v) ˄ P89(v,y)] ⇒ P7(x,v)\n"@en . "E58 Maßeinheit"@de . "E87" . "P98 trouxe à vida"@pt . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E1 CRM Entity with an instance of E55 Type for which it has been declared to be a particularly characteristic example.\nThe P137.1 in the taxonomic role property of P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) allows differentiation of taxonomic roles. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the type, such as “prototypical”, “archetypical”, “lectotype”, etc. The taxonomic role “lectotype” is not associated with the instance of E83 Type Creation itself but is selected in a later phase.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Object BM000098044 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) exemplifies ‘Spigelia marilandica’ (L.) L. (E55) in the taxonomic role lectotype (E55). (Natural History Museum, 2021)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P137(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P137(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P137(x,y,z) ⇒ [P137(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P137(x,y) ⇒ P2(x,y)\n"@en . "P48 έχει προτιμώμενο αναγνωριστικό"@el . "μετεβίβασε κατοχή από"@el . "P105i hat Rechte an"@de . "有参与者"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an origin, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move.\nA move will be linked to an origin, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many starting instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes the picking up of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s).\nTherefore, the described origin is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved from Paris, Grande Halle de la Villette (E53).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P27(x,y) ⇒ E9(x)\n- P27(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) \n- P27(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]\n"@en . "P101 有一般用途"@zh . "Transcription"@en . . . . . . "P23i" . . "usage prévu de"@fr . "E81 Transformação"@pt . "P56 possui característica"@pt . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance or instances E18 Physical Thing that have ceased to exist due to an instance of E81 Transformation.\nThe item that has ceased to exist and was replaced by the result of the Transformation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation.\n\nExamples:\n- The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (E24). (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021)\n- The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) transformed the deceased Pharaoh Tut-Ankh-Amun (E21). (Carter & Mace, 1977)\n- The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) transformed some people of Pompeii (E21). [AND: was death of (P100) some people of Pompeii (E21).]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P124(x,y) ⇒ E81(x)\n- P124(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P124(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . "Kennung"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E32 Authority Document with an instance of E1 CRM Entity which it lists for reference purposes.\n\nExamples:\n- The Art & Architecture Thesaurus (E32) lists alcazars (E55). (http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300006897)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P71(x,y) ⇒ E32(x)\n- P71(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n- P71(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "Σήμανση"@el . "P177i" . "E5 事件"@zh . "Measurement Unit"@en . "Presence"@en . . "P3 έχει επεξήγηση"@el . "Activité curatoriale"@fr . . "P13 κατέστρεψε"@el . "P173 commence avant ou au moment de la fin de"@fr . "P82a" . "被解散"@zh . . "Modificação"@pt . "Gelände"@de . . . "Assignation de type"@fr . "atribuiu"@pt . "Instances of this class indicate whether the data record refers to a single object or a group of objects. This is required due to the compatibility of the minimum data record recommendation with the LIDO harvesting format. For single objects, the element value should be http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00141 (= single object)."@en . "ήταν παρών/παρούσα/παρόν σε"@el . "P173i ends after or with the start of"@en . "Tod von"@de . "P107 有当前或以往成员"@zh . . . "P104i ισχύει για"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the preferred instance of E42 Identifier that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity at the time this property was recorded.\nMore than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an item over time.\nUse of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CIDOC CRM instance.\nThe fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be better expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable instance of E55 Type to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment using the P2 has type property.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The pair of Lederhosen donated by Dr. Martin Doerr (E22) has preferred identifier “OXCMS:2001.1.32” (E42). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P48(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P48(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) \n- P48(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)\n"@en . "Diese Klasse umfasst Dokumente, die eine Terminologie oder ein konzeptuelles System zur konsistenten Verwendung definieren. \n\nBeispiele:\n- Die Gemeinsame Normdatei der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (GND)\n- Der Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)"@de . . "a pour forme alternative"@fr . . . "Document"@fr . "P107 has current or former member"@en . . "Diese Klasse umfasst Handlungen, die den Umgang, die Bedeutung und die Funktion von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) betreffen, bevor diese dem ökonomischen Kreislauf entzogen wurden und in eine Sammlung oder einen Museumskontext (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation) eingegangen sind.\n\nBeispiele:\n- Die Nutzung des Behaim Globus als Repräsentationsobjekt, während er im Nürnberger Rathaus aufgestellt war\n- Die Nutzung des Idia-Elfenbeinanhängers als Schutzobjekt bei Zeremonien im Königreich Benin"@de . "E92" . "P106i fait partie de"@fr . . "εκτιμήθηκε από"@el . "P96 来自母亲"@zh . "P72 has language"@en . "Measurement"@en . "P96i deu nascimento"@pt . . "P76 possui ponto de contato"@pt . . "P125" . . "Objet symbolique"@fr . "P49 é ou foi guardada por"@pt . . "P29i início da custódia por meio de"@pt . "P11" . "προέκυψε από"@el . "influenciou"@pt . . "P81 最短范围是"@zh . . "P1i identifie"@fr . "est documenté dans"@fr . "P94i δημιουργήθηκε από"@el . . "E53" . "P50i κατέχει"@el . "Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the largest volume in space, an instance of E53 Place, that an instance of E18 Physical Thing has occupied at any time during its existence, with respect to the reference space relative to the physical thing itself. This allows for describing the thing itself as a place that may contain other things, such as a box that may contain coins. In other words, it is the volume that contains all the points which the thing has covered at some time during its existence. The reference space for the associated place must be the one that is permanently at rest (P157 is at rest relative to) relative to the physical thing. For instances of E19 Physical Objects it is the one which is at rest relative to the object itself, i.e., which moves together with the object. For instances of E26 Physical Feature it is one which is at rest relative to the physical feature itself and the surrounding matter immediately connected to it. Therefore, there is a 1:1 relation between the instance E18 Physical Thing and the instance of E53 Place it occupies. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces. \nThis property implies the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place. However, in contrast to P156 occupies, the property P161 has spatial projection does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. \nIn contrast to P156 occupies, for the property P53 has former or current location the following holds: \nIt does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. \nIt identifies a possibly wider instance of E53 Place at which a thing is or has been for some unspecified time-span. \nIf the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place is not at rest with respect to the physical thing found there, the physical thing may move away after some time to another place and/or may have been at some other place before. The same holds for the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place.\n\nExamples:\n- The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) occupies the space of the Saint Titus reliquary (E53). [The reliquary is currently kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966 and contains the skull of Saint Titus.] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010)\n- Burg Eltz near Koblenz, Germany (E24) occupies the space within the 1661AD outer walls of Burg Eltz (E53). [The castle (English name: Eltz Castle) underwent a series of expansions starting in the 12(th) century until it reached its current extent in 1661AD and contains buildings from various periods.]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P156(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P156(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P156(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E18(x) ∧ E53(y) ∧ P196(x,z) ∧ P161(z,y) ∧ P157(y,x)]\n"@en . "is occupied by"@en . "P196" . "Type_of_Finding"@en . "war Ausgangsort von"@de . "E57 Material"@pt . "a les caractéristiques aussi présentes sur"@fr . "P45i está presente em"@pt . "имеет альтернативную форму"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property establishes the relationship between an instance of E96 Purchase and the instance of E97 Monetary Amount that forms the compensation for the transaction. The monetary amount agreed upon may change in the course of the purchase activity.\n\nExamples:\n- The sale of Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” 30(th) March 1987 (E96) had sales price Christie’s hammer price for “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” (E97).\n- The purchase of 10 okka of nails by the captain A. Syrmas on 18(th) September 1895 (E96) had sales price 20 piastre (grosi) (E97). (Syrmas, 1896)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P179(x,y) ⇒ E96(x)\n- P179(x,y) ⇒ E97(y)\n"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the natural languages in the sense of concepts.\nThis type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E56 Language, e.g. “instances of Mandarin Chinese”.\nIt is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used to denote instances of E56 Language, such as those defined in ISO 639-3:2007 and later versions.\n\nExamples:\n- ell [Greek] \n- eng [English] \n- epo [Esperanto] \n- spa [Spanish] \n- fra [French]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E56(x) ⇒ E55(x)\n"@en . "P22 transferiu os direitos de propriedade para"@pt . "是度量规格"@zh . "P28i surrendered custody through"@en . "a été modifié par"@fr . "P76 hat Kontaktpunkt"@de . "P112 diminished"@en . . "P82" . "несет признак"@ru . "was augmented by"@en . "foi locomovido por"@pt . "P21i ήταν σκοπός του/της"@el . . "E72 Νομικό Αντικείμενο"@el . . "E96 Purchase"@en . "E9" . "预知使用"@zh . . "hat Anfangsbegründung"@de . "P4i est l’intervalle temporel de"@fr . . "P144i 获得成员"@zh . "признаки также найдены на"@ru . "E79 Ajout d'élément"@fr . . . . "管理"@zh . "Art der Modifikation"@de . "P43i является величиной для"@ru . "был классифицирован посредством"@ru . "被用于"@zh . "P62i est illustré par"@fr . . "a retiré"@fr . . "是状况"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises instances of E7 Activity that are undertaken to create, alter or change instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\nThis class includes the production of an item from raw materials and other so far undocumented objects. It also includes the conservation treatment of an object.\nSince the distinction between modification and production is not always clear, modification is regarded as the more generally applicable concept. This implies that some items may be consumed or destroyed in an instance of E11 Modification, and that others may be produced as a result of it. An event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities.\nAn activity undertaken on an object which was designed to alter it, but which, in fact, it did not in any seemingly significant way (such as the application of a solvent during conservation which failed to dissolve any part of the object), is still considered as an instance of E11 Modification. Typically, any such activity will leave at least forensic traces of evidence on the object.\nIf the instance of E29 Design or Procedure utilized for the modification prescribes the use of specific materials, they should be documented using property P68 foresees use of (use foreseen by): E57 Material of E29 Design or Procedure, rather than via P126 employed (was employed in): E57 Material.\n\nExamples:\n- the construction of the SS Great Britain (E12) (Gregor, 1971)\n- the impregnation of the Vasa warship in Stockholm for preservation after 1956 (Håfors, 2010)\n- the transformation of the Enola Gay into a museum exhibit by the National Air and Space Museum in Washington DC between 1993 and 1995 (E12, E81) (Yakel, 2000)\n- the last renewal of the gold coating of the Toshogu shrine in Nikko, Japan (Cali and Dougil, 2012)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E11(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . "有一般目的"@zh . "был добавлен посредством"@ru . . . "περιλαμβάνεται σε"@el . . "был продолжен"@ru . "hatte Teilnehmer"@de . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity about which it made an attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity plays the role of the domain of the attribution. \nThe kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned).\n\nExamples:\n- The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned attribute to Martin Doerr’s silver cup (E22). (fictitious)\n- The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned attribute to silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n- The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned attribute to MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P140(x,y) ⇒ E13(x)\n- P140(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n"@en . "bewegte weg von"@de . "hält derzeitig"@de . "P10i contient"@fr . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises recognisable texts that can be attached to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. \nThe transcription of the text can be documented in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. The alphabet used can be documented by P2 has type: E55 Type. This class is not intended to describe the idiosyncratic characteristics of an individual physical embodiment of an inscription, but the underlying prototype. The physical embodiment is modelled in the CIDOC CRM as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\nThe relationship of a physical copy of a book to the text it contains is modelled using E18 Physical Thing. P128 carries (is carried by): E33 Linguistic Object.\n\nExamples:\n- “keep off the grass” [on a sign stuck in the lawn of the quad of Balliol College, Oxford, UK]\n- the text published in Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum V 895 (Mommsen, 1872)\n- “Kilroy was here”\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E34(x) ⇒ E33(x)\n- E34(x) ⇒ E37(x)\n"@en . "An instance of the Image class visually represents instances of other classes, such as Object (nfdi4objects:Object) or E21 Person, which are usually digital photographs or scans with the file extensions TIFF or PNG. Example: The digital image represents the \"Behaim globe\" (object) and can be found at the URL https://... (URL)."@en . "χρησιμοποιήθηκε για"@el . "P38i was deassigned by"@en . "a acquis le titre de propriété par"@fr . "P65i 被展示"@zh . "Objet propositionnel"@fr . . "E63 Начало Существования"@ru . "a classifié"@fr . "P135 a créé le type"@fr . . "P2 имеет тип"@ru . "Событие Творения"@ru . "E85 Joining"@en . "P59 a pour section"@fr . "P80 a sa fin qualifiée par"@fr . "P95i wurde gebildet von"@de . . "被组成"@zh . . "P144 a fait adhérer à"@fr . . "был произведен посредством"@ru . "P10i 包含"@zh . "a pour titre"@fr . "P198 holds or supports"@en . "Ajout d'élément"@fr . "Diese Klasse umfasst Begriffe, die die Art des Zustands eines Objekts beschreiben, die im Kontext von Instanzen E3 Zustandsphase zugewiesen werden, z.B.\n\n- gut\n- zerbrochen\n- verzaust"@de . . "υπήρξε τόπος του"@el . . "Erwerb"@de . . "P108i" . "ist Zustand von"@de . "Величина"@ru . "P97 来自父亲"@zh . "foi usada por"@pt . "a pour intervalle temporel"@fr . "P25i перемещен посредством"@ru . "a cédé la garde par"@fr . "标识符赋值"@zh . "Criação"@pt . "a pour section"@fr . "P32i ήταν τεχνική του/της"@el . "a mesuré"@fr . "assigned"@en . "P92i γεννήθηκε από"@el . "est la localisation actuelle ou antérieure de"@fr . "P147i wurde kuratorisch betreut durch"@de . "发生过"@zh . "contient"@fr . "was intended use of"@en . "P150i defines typical wholes for"@en . . . "a augmenté"@fr . . "P46i 构成部分"@zh . "P50 hat derzeitigen Betreuer"@de . "P167" . "ήταν πατέρας του/της"@el . "P109i ist derzeitiger oder früherer Kurator von"@de . "ist derzeitiges oder früheres Mitglied von"@de . . "führte aus"@de . "verband mit"@de . "wird angeführt von"@de . "оказал влияние на"@ru . . "P35i 被标识"@zh . "P75i 被拥有"@zh . "P104" . "was deassigned by"@en . "P4 tem período de tempo"@pt . "a pour état matériel"@fr . "Human-Made Object"@en . "P103" . "έχει ευρύτερο όρο"@el . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of birth-giving mother.\nNote that biological fathers are not necessarily participants in the Birth (see P97 from father (was father for)). The instance of E21 Person being born is linked to the instance of E67 Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born). This is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.\n\nExamples:\n- The birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) by mother Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (E21). (Parker, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P96(x,y) ⇒ E67(x)\n- P96(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P96(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "E16 Μέτρηση"@el . "P9i" . . "έχει σημείο επικοινωνίας"@el . "P141i a été attribué par"@fr . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die am Bauwerk oder Objekt vorgefundenen, dokumentierten Spuren, Schichten, Konstruktionen und Materialien. Er bildet die wissenschaftliche Basis (Ist-Zustand) für Restaurierungskonzepte, indem er historische Bauteile, Schäden, Veränderungen und Materialien identifiziert. Befunde umfassen sichtbare und verdeckte Aspekte."@de . . . "E17 Type Assignment"@en . "E65 Событие Творения"@ru . "P123 结果造成"@zh . . "é associado com"@pt . "This class is used to document statements about the material of instances of the class Object based on instances of the class Source Content.\n\nExample:\nAssignment of the E57 material “Plant Material” in the context of material assignment for object fans made of palm leaves in source inventory 1694."@en . . "P196i" . "длится в течение"@ru . "υποστήριξε τη δημιουργία τύπου"@el . . "Κατάσταση"@el . "服从"@zh . "has time-span"@en . "E32 Официальный Документ"@ru . "P75 κατέχει"@el . "P187i" . "μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο του/της"@el . . . "P50 a pour actant détenteur actuel"@fr . "P65i" . "P137 exemplifie"@fr . "Objektart"@de . "Diese Klasse umfasst alle Arten von Nutzungsmöglichkeiten und Verwendungszwecken einer Instanz der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object), insb. bevor sie dem ökonomischen Kreislauf entzogen und in eine Sammlung oder einen Museumskontext eingingen. \n\n\nBeispiele: \n- Die Nutzung des Behaim Globus als Repräsentationsobjekt im Nürnberger Rathaus\n- Die Nutzung des Idia-Elfenbeinanhängers als Schutzobjekt bei Zeremonien im Königreich Benin"@de . . "tem valor"@pt . . . "απεικονίζει"@el . "передал право собственности на"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Depicting is meant in the sense that an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing intentionally shows, through its optical qualities or form, a representation of the entity depicted. Photographs are by default regarded as being intentional in this sense. Anything that is designed to change the properties of the depiction, such as an e-book reader, is specifically excluded. The property does not pertain to inscriptions or any other information encoding.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The painting “La Liberté guidant le peuple” by Eugène Delacroix (E22) depicts the French “July Revolution” of 1830 (E7). (Delacroix, 1982)\n- The 20 pence coin held by the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum under registration number 2006,1101.126 (E22) depicts Queen Elizabeth II (E21) mode of depiction Profile (E55).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P62(x,y) ⇒ E24(x)\n- P62(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P62(x,y,z) ⇒ [P62(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P62(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E36(z) ˄ P65(x,z) ˄ P138(z,y)]\n"@en . "αποδόθηκε από"@el . "Zeitspanne"@de . "P37 απέδωσε"@el . "变更所有权"@zh . "E4 时期"@zh . . . . "ήταν προορισμός του"@el . "P22i erwarb Besitztitel durch"@de . "是以往或当前所有者"@zh . "has translation"@en . "P142 used constituent"@en . "Entité temporelle"@fr . "был интенцией для"@ru . "E65 Création"@fr . "P48i est l’identifiant préférentiel de"@fr . . "tem termo genérico"@pt . "P160i is temporal projection of"@en . "a produit la chose du type"@fr . "P80 final é qualificado por"@pt . . "被管理"@zh . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the units in which a monetary system, supported by an administrative authority or other community, quantifies and arithmetically compares all monetary amounts declared in the unit. The unit of a monetary system must describe a nominal value which is kept constant by its administrative authority and an associated banking system if it exists, and not by market value. For instance, one may pay with grams of gold, but the respective monetary amount would have been agreed as the gold price in US dollars on the day of the payment. Under this definition, British Pounds, U.S. Dollars, and European Euros are examples of currency, but “grams of gold” is not. One monetary system has one and only one currency. Instances of this class must not be confused with coin denominations, such as “Dime” or “Sestertius”. Non-monetary exchange of value in terms of quantities of a particular type of goods, such as cows, do not constitute a currency.\n\nExamples:\n- “As” [Roman mid republic]\n- “Euro” (Temperton, 1997)\n- “US Dollar” (Rose, 1978)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E98(x) ⇒ E58(x)\n"@en . "Time-Span"@en . . "Информационный Объект"@ru . "P127 έχει ευρύτερο όρο"@el . "P74 有当前或曾经居住地"@zh . "P137i 被例示"@zh . "P71i" . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who assumed or has assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an instance of E78 Curated Holding.\nIt does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an event initiating a curator being responsible for a collection.\n\nExamples:\n- The Robert Opie Collection (E78) has current or former curator Robert Opie (E21). (https://www.robertopiecollection.com/)\n- The Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78) has current or former curator Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E21). (Woelkerling et al., 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P109(x,y) ⇒ E78(x)\n- P109(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P109(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y)\n"@en . . "P53 βρίσκεται ή βρισκόταν σε"@el . "deu nascimento"@pt . "E18 实物"@zh . . "был присвоен посредством"@ru . "Fim da Existência"@pt . . "P26i" . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment with the instance of E90 Symbolic Object used as constituent of an instance of E42 Identifier in this act of assignment.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Assigning the personal name identifier “Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377” on 1(st) June 2001 (E15) used constituent “ca. 1300-1377” (E41). (Kelly, 2014)\n- Assigning a uniform title to the anonymous textual work known as ‘The Adoration of the Shepherds’(E15) used constituent “Coventry” (E41). (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1998)\n- Assigning a uniform title to Pina Bausch’s choreographic work entitled ‘Rite of spring’ (E15) used constituent “(Choreographic Work: Bausch)” (E90). (Brandstetter and Klein, 2015) \n- Assigning a uniform title to the motion picture directed in 1933 by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack and entitled ‘King Kong’ (E15) used constituent “1933” (E61). (Goldner and Turner, 1976)\n- Assigning the corporate name identifier ‘Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za bibliotekarstvo’ to The Department for library science of the University of Ljubljana in 2018 (E15) used constituent “Univerza v Ljubljani” (E42). [Done by the Department of Library and Information Science and Book Studies Library, University of Ljubljana in 2018]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P142(x,y) ⇒ E15(x)\n- P142(x,y) ⇒ E90(y)\n- P142(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)\n"@en . "P23 übertrug Besitztitel von"@de . "testemunhou"@pt . "έχει τίτλο"@el . "handelt über"@de . "foi técnica da"@pt . "wird gezeigt durch"@de . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E66 Formation with an instance of E74 Group from which the new group was formed preserving a sense of continuity such as in mission, membership or tradition.\n\nExamples:\n- The formation of the House of Bourbon-Conti in 1581 (E66) was formed from House of Condé (E74). (Collectif & Musée d'art et d'histoire Louis-Senlecq, 1900)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P151(x,y) ⇒ E66(x)\n- P151(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P151(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "a porté sur"@fr . "P82b τέλος του τέλους"@el . "P46 αποτελείται από"@el . "Formation"@fr . "έχει δικαίωμα σε"@el . . "E39 Δράστης"@el . "E68 Dissolução"@pt . "P53 has former or current location"@en . "P180 a pour unité monétaire"@fr . "Вещь"@ru . "был оценен посредством"@ru . "加入"@zh . "a dissocié de"@fr . "P25 locomoveu"@pt . "породил"@ru . "Art der Bewegung"@de . "E55 Type"@en . "使用特定对象"@zh . "E31 文献"@zh . "P128i a pour support"@fr . . "P71i περιλαμβάνεται σε"@el . "E85" . . "E19" . "This class comprises comprises the types of work or business of instances of E21 Person, e.g. \"Archaeologist\", \"Goldsmith\", \"Artist\", …"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises quantities of monetary possessions or obligations in terms of their nominal value with respect to a particular currency. These quantities may be abstract accounting units, the nominal value of a heap of coins or bank notes at the time of validity of the respective currency, the nominal value of a bill of exchange or other documents expressing monetary claims or obligations. It specifically excludes amounts expressed in terms of weights of valuable items, like gold and diamonds, and quantities of other non-currency items, like goats or stocks and bonds.\n\nExamples:\n- Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E97(x) ⇒ E54(x)\n"@en . . "Событие"@ru . "παρέχει πρόσβαση σε"@el . "P41i a été classifié par"@fr . "P122 接壤于"@zh . . "P96i дал рождение"@ru . . "P160i" . "E78" . "is former or current location of"@en . "P125i ήταν o τύπος αντικείμενου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε"@el . "P106i 构成部分"@zh . "P104 Gegenstand von"@de . "fällt in"@de . "P107" . "分配了"@zh . . "P100i умер в"@ru . . "covered parts of"@en . "P24i" . . . "P73 有译文"@zh . "P32i a été la technique générale mise en œuvre dans"@fr . "Chose élaborée par l’humain"@fr . "P129i é assunto de"@pt . . "Marke"@de . "P75" . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(end )is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, finished by, start, equals, during, finishes}.\nThis property is irreflexive\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_13.png\n\n\nFigure 20: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_14.png\n\n\nFigure 21: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The reign/life of Harold II (E4) ends before or with the end of the Battle of Hastings (E7)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P184(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y)\n- ¬P184(x,x)\n"@en . "P52i é proprietário de"@pt . "hat den Typus"@de . "E34 题识"@zh . "P104i applies to"@en . "übertrug Besitz über"@de . "P20i ήταν σκοπός του/της"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E19 Physical Object to an instance of E26 Physical Feature that it bears.\nAn instance of E26 Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one E26 Physical Feature. An instance of E27 Site should be considered as an instance of E26 Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth.\nAn instance B of E26 Physical Feature being a detail of the structure of another instance A of E26 Physical Feature can be linked to B by use of the property P46 is composed of (forms part of). This implies that the subfeature B is P56i is found on the same E19 Physical Object as A. \nThis property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path E19 Physical Object, through, P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of to E26 Physical Feature.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) bears feature 32 mm scratch on silver cup 232 (E26). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P56(x,y) ⇒E19(x)\n- P56(x,y) ⇒ E26(y)\n- P56(x,y) ⇒ P46(x,y)\n- P56(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)]\n"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises individual items of a material nature, which live, have lived, or are natural products of or from living organisms. \nArtificial objects that incorporate biological elements, such as Victorian butterfly frames, can be documented as both instances of E20 Biological Object and E22 Human-Made Object.\n\nExamples:\n- me (fictitious)\n- Tut-Ankh-Amun (Edwards and Boltin, 1979)\n- Boukephalus [Horse of Alexander the Great] (Lamb, 2005)\n- petrified dinosaur excrement PA1906-344\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E20(x) ⇒ E19(x)\n"@en . "a diminué"@fr . "P7" . "P173 starts before or with the end of"@en . "P112i 被减少"@zh . "P184" . "Joining"@en . "P70i τεκμηριώνεται σε"@el . . "P28 a mis fin à la garde par"@fr . . "é do tipo"@pt . "P176 starts before the start of"@en . "P97i 是父亲"@zh . "P13i был уничтожен посредством"@ru . . "Visual Item"@en . "принадлежит"@ru . "a géré"@fr . . "P86i содержит"@ru . "Materielles Merkmal"@de . . "使用构成成分"@zh . "E39 Actant"@fr . . "支持类型创建"@zh . . "P73 имеет перевод"@ru . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises pieces of land or sea floor. \nIn contrast to the purely geometric notion of E53 Place, this class describes constellations of matter on the surface of the Earth or other celestial body, which can be represented by photographs, paintings, and maps.\nInstances of E27 Site are composed of relatively immobile material items and features in a particular configuration at a particular location.\n\nExamples:\n- the Amazon river basin (Hegen, 1966)\n- Knossos (Evans, 1921)\n- the Apollo 11 landing site (Siegler and Smrekar, 2014)\n- Heathrow Airport (Wicks, 2014)\n- the submerged harbour of the Minoan settlement of Gournia, Crete (Watrous, 2012)\n- the island of Crete\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E27(x) ⇒ E26(x)\n"@en . . "部分增加"@zh . "时序实体"@zh . "μετακινήθηκε από"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the active or passive presence of an E77 Persistent Item in an instance of E5 Event without implying any specific role. \nIt documents known events in which an instance of E77 Persistent Item was present during the course of its life or history. For example, an object may be the desk, now in a museum, on which a treaty was signed. The instance of E53 Place and the instance of E52 Time-Span where and when these events happened provide constraints about the presence of the related instance E77 Persistent Item in the past. Instances of E90 Symbolic Object, in particular information objects, are physically present in events via at least one of the instances of E18 Physical Thing carrying them. Note, that the human mind can be such a carrier. A precondition for a transfer of information to a person or another new physical carrier is the presence of the respective information object and this person or physical thing in one event.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Deckchair 42 (E19) was present at the sinking of the Titanic (E5). (Aldridge, 2008)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P12(x,y) ⇒ E5(x)\n- P12(x,y) ⇒ E77(y)\n"@en . "P26i 是目的地"@zh . . "E93" . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who holds the instances of E30 Right to an instance of E72 Legal Object.\nIt is a superproperty of P52 has current owner (is current owner of) because ownership is a right that is held on the owned object.\nThis property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E72 Legal Object, P104 is subject to, E30 Right, P75i is possessed by to E39 Actor.\n\nExamples:\n- The Beatles back catalogue (E73) right held by Michael Jackson (E21). (Raga, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P105(x,y) ⇒ E72(x)\n- P105(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P105(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E30(z) ˄ P104(x,z) ˄ P75i(z,y)]\n"@en . "foi verificada durante"@pt . . "影响"@zh . "Diese Klasse klassifiziert alle Arten von Besitz- oder Eigentumserwerb, die die Akquisition (crm:E8_Acquisition) einer Instanz der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) in eine Sammlung (crm:E78_Curated_Holding) beschreiben.\n\nBeispiele: \n- Schenkung\n- Kauf\n- Leihgabe\n- Stiftung"@de . "μετακινήθηκε από"@el . . . "P62i é retratada por"@pt . "P53i είναι ή ήταν θέση του"@el . "τέλος προσδιορίζεται από"@el . "Documento de Referência"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises extents in the natural space where people live, in particular on the surface of the Earth, in the pure sense of physics: independent from temporal phenomena and matter. They may serve describing the physical location of things or phenomena or other areas of interest. Geometrically, instances of E53 Place constitute single contiguous areas or a finite aggregation of disjoint areas in space which are each individually contiguous. They may have fuzzy boundaries.\nThe instances of E53 Place are usually determined by reference to the position of “immobile” objects such as buildings, cities, mountains, rivers, or dedicated geodetic marks, but may also be determined by reference to mobile objects. A Place can be determined by combining a frame of reference and a location with respect to this frame.\nIt is sometimes argued that instances of E53 Place are best identified by global coordinates or absolute reference systems. However, relative references are often more relevant in the context of cultural documentation and tend to be more precise. In particular, people are often interested in position in relation to large, mobile objects, such as ships. For example, the Place at which Nelson died is known with reference to a large mobile object, i.e. H.M.S Victory. A resolution of this Place in terms of absolute coordinates would require knowledge of the movements of the vessel and the precise time of death, either of which may be revised, and the result would lack historical and cultural relevance.\nAny instance of E18 Physical Thing can serve as a frame of reference for an instance of E53 Place. This may be documented using the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for).\n\nExamples:\n- the extent of the UK in the year 2003\n- the position of the hallmark on the inside of my wedding ring (fictitious)\n- the place referred to in the phrase: “Fish collected at three miles north of the confluence of the Arve and the Rhone”\n- here -> <- [the place between these two arrows in one of the reader's paper copy of this document. Each copy constitutes a different place of this spot.]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E53(x) ⇒ E1(x)\n"@en . "P72i ist Sprache von"@de . . . . "P113i a été retiré par"@fr . "Μετακίνηση"@el . "E72 Legal Object"@en . "Заголовок"@ru . "E16" . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the textual strings that within a cultural context can be clearly identified as titles due to their form. Being a subclass of E41 Appellation, E35 Title can only be used when such a string is actually used as a title of a work, such as a text, an artwork, or a piece of music.\nTitles are proper noun phrases or verbal phrases, and should not be confused with generic object names such as “chair”, “painting”, or “book” (the latter are common nouns that stand for instances of E55 Type). Titles may be assigned by the creator of the work itself, or by a social group.\nThis class also comprises the translations of titles that are used as surrogates for the original titles in different social contexts.\n\nExamples:\n- “The Merchant of Venice” (McCullough, 2005)\n- “Mona Lisa” (Mohen, Menu and Mottin, 2006)\n- “La Pie” (Bortolatto, 1981)\n- “Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds” (Lennon, 1967)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E35(x) ⇒ E33(x)\n- E35(x) ⇒ E41(x)\n"@en . . . "besteht aus"@de . "P55 é localizado em"@pt . "P72i является языком для"@ru . "a mobilisé comme technique générale"@fr . "has current or former residence"@en . "P68i é empregado por"@pt . . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die verschiedenen Arten der Klasse \"Rezeption\", z.B. \n- Faksimile\n- Film"@de . "P112i a été diminué par"@fr . . "P55" . "P31 a modifié"@fr . "владеет"@ru . "P73 tem tradução"@pt . "P172 contains"@en . "P110i επαυξήθηκε από"@el . "a été détruit par"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E66 Formation with an instance of E74 Group from which the new group was formed preserving a sense of continuity such as in mission, membership or tradition.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The formation of the House of Bourbon-Conti in 1581 (E66) was formed from House of Condé (E74). (Collectif & Musée d'art et d'histoire Louis-Senlecq, 1900)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P151(x,y) ⇒ E66(x)\n- P151(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P151(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E18 Physical Thing of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice) of the thing’s trajectory through spacetime. In other words, it describes where the instance of E18 Physical Thing was or moved around within a given time-span. Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence.\nThis property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P166 was a presence of (had presence) to E93 Presence.\n\nExamples:\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P195(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P195(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P195(x,y) ⇔ (∃z)[E92(z) ∧ P166(z,x) ∧ P196i(z,y)]\n"@en . "είναι προτιμώμενο αναγνωριστικό"@el . "已经组成"@zh . "P183 se termine avant le début de"@fr . "P46 组成成分是"@zh . "P5 consists of"@en . "est inclus dans"@fr . . . "beeinflußte"@de . "E36 Οπτικό Στοιχείο"@el . "P49i est l’actant détenteur actuel ou antérieur de"@fr . "E6 Destruction"@en . "P121 se superpose partiellement à"@fr . "P73i 是译文"@zh . . "E15 Απόδοση Αναγνωριστικού"@el . "P94i foi criado por"@pt . . "использовал"@ru . "est soumis à"@fr . "P90 έχει τιμή"@el . . "ends before the end of"@en . "P95 hat gebildet"@de . "E26 Materielles Merkmal"@de . "P95" . . . "трансформировал"@ru . "resultou em"@pt . "P30i" . "est associé à"@fr . "E81 Μετατροπή"@el . "P12 ocorreu na presença de"@pt . "P52i 是当前所有者"@zh . "Περίοδος"@el . "P67i 被涉及"@zh . "имеет текущее или бывшее местоположение"@ru . "破坏了"@zh . . "P136i" . "P80 τέλος προσδιορίζεται από"@el . "P62 depicts"@en . "Purchase"@en . . "был задуман для"@ru . "E34 Inscrição"@pt . "P97i a été le père pour"@fr . . "This class describes the assignment of an actor (crm:E39_Actor) in the context of an event (crm:E5_Event). It describes which specific actors (crm:E21_Person, nfdi4objects:Corporate_Body, nfdi4objects:Socienty_of_Origin) were assigned, which role (nfdi4objects:Role) they had and documents where this information comes from by specifying the source as precisely as possible (nfdi4objects:Source_Content_Section).\n\nExample:\nThe attribution of Hans Glockengießer in the context of the production of the Behaim globe, whereby he was assigned the role of maker of the clay sphere. This statement comes from the source \"Urkundliche Beiträge zur Geschichte der Bücherei des Nürnberger Rates, 1429-1538 (Die Ausgaben der Losunger auf M. Behaims \"Mappa Mundi\" 1494 und 1510)\" by J. Petz from the year 1886."@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing modified in an instance of E11 Modification.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) has modified the Reichstag in Berlin (E24). (Foster, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P31(x,y) ⇒ E11(x)\n- P31(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P31(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "P74i 是当前或曾经居住地"@zh . . "P127i 下位词"@zh . . "P89 содержится в"@ru . "P123i resulted from"@en . "φέρει"@el . "E52 Χρονικό Διάστημα"@el . "标识"@zh . "P59 hat Bereich"@de . "E54 度量规格"@zh . "atribuiu"@pt . "P25i moved by"@en . "wurde verwendet bei"@de . "Μέγεθος"@el . "P145i 留下"@zh . . "P195i a eu pour présence"@fr . "移动"@zh . . "P138 描绘"@zh . "E41 Ονομασία"@el . "κατέστρεψε"@el . "P126 χρησιμοποίησε"@el . . "构成部分"@zh . . "wird behandelt in"@de . "P152" . . "transferred custody of"@en . "P93i was taken out of existence by"@en . "被加入"@zh . "несет"@ru . "définit"@fr . "Οντότητα CIDOC CRM"@el . "είναι ο τύπος του/της"@el . . "ist derzeitiger oder früherer Sitz von"@de . "had general purpose"@en . "P74" . "a été employé dans"@fr . "P75 possesses"@en . . "P13 destruiu"@pt . . . "fait partie de"@fr . "μετεκίνησε"@el . "είχε συμμέτοχο"@el . . "is type of property assigned"@en . "E4 Période"@fr . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is removed during an instance of E80 Part Removal activity.\n\nExamples:\n- The opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80) removed The mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E20, E22). (Carter, 2014)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P113(x,y) ⇒ E80(x)\n- P113(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P113(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "持有权利的是"@zh . "Instances of the Iconography Assignment class comprise activities in which one or more iconographic motives are assigned to instances of Object as part of a scientific discussion. The iconographic description or the assignment of iconographic motives is a method of art history. Iconographic motives are usually assigned in the context of research projects or object documentation. Iconclass or Getty Iconography Authority is generally used as the standard file for the standardized referencing of the respective iconographic motifs.\nExample:\nThe assignment of the motive of St. George in the context of object documentation for the statue \"The Great Elector Frederick William as St. George\", which is now in the Sculpture Collection and Museum of Byzantine Art of the National Museums in Berlin under inventory number 856."@en . "P124 a transformé"@fr . "E5 Συμβάν"@el . . "foi adicionado por"@pt . "P34i εκτιμήθηκε από"@el . "P127i a pour terme spécifique"@fr . "commence avant ou au moment du début de"@fr . "P7i testemunhou"@pt . "Bewegung von"@de . "E1 CRM实体"@zh . . "P62 bildet ab"@de . "participa em"@pt . "Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E52 Time-Span with a note detailing the scholarly or scientific opinions and justifications about the end of this time-span concerning certainty, precision, sources etc. This property may also be used to describe arguments constraining possible dates and to distinguish reasons for alternative dates.\n\nExamples:\n- The time-span of the Holocene (E52) end is qualified by “still ongoing” (E62). (Walker et al., 2009)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P80(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) \n- P80(x,y) ⇒ E62(y) \n- P80(x,y) ⇒ P3(x,y)\n"@en . "P110 erweiterte"@de . . "Scope note:\nThis class is a specialization of E55 Type and comprises the concepts of materials. \nInstances of E57 Material may denote properties of matter before its use, during its use, and as incorporated in an object, such as ultramarine powder, tempera paste, reinforced concrete. Discrete pieces of raw-materials kept in museums, such as bricks, sheets of fabric, pieces of metal, should be modelled individually in the same way as other objects. Discrete used or processed pieces, such as the stones from Nefer Titi's temple, should be modelled as parts (cf. P46 is composed of (forms part of): E18 Physical Thing).\nThis type is used categorically in the model without reference to instances of it, i.e. the Model does not foresee the description of instances of instances of E57 Material, e.g. “instances of gold”.\nIt is recommended that internationally or nationally agreed codes and terminology should be used.\n\nExamples:\n- brick (Gurcke, 1987)\n- gold (Watson, 1990)\n- aluminium (Norman, 1986)\n- polycarbonate (Mhaske, 2011)\n- resin (Barton, 1992)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E57(x) ⇒ E55(x)\n"@en . "P15 被影响"@zh . "P113i wurde entfernt durch"@de . . . "E19 物质对象"@zh . "P41 分类"@zh . "inclut"@fr . . "de mère"@fr . "E67 出生"@zh . "overlaps with"@en . "This class comprises the curated public exhibitions of instances of the class Object, whereby the temporal dimension in the sense of an event is not the issue here, but rather the constellation of physical objects, such as space, exhibition furniture and objects e.g. \nthe exhibition of the Berlin Kunstkammer 1930 in the Funkturmhallen consisting of three rooms."@en . "P34i a été évalué par"@fr . "klassifizierte"@de . "This class describes the process of moving instances of the class E19 Physical Object to the destination point of instances of the class E53 Place, whereby the latter are assigned via instances of the class “Place Assignment.” In combination with instances of the class “Movement from,” this results in a detailed overall representation of the assignment of object movements."@en . "有当前或以往管理者"@zh . "Физическая Вещь"@ru . "υπόκειται σε"@el . "P34" . "P172" . . "a été augmenté par"@fr . . . "P177 assigned property of type"@en . . "identifica"@pt . "P15i a influencé"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed.\nAll physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed material as opposed to the consumed raw material.\nA material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P45(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P45(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)\n"@en . "P76i é ponto de contado de"@pt . "事件"@zh . . "Produção"@pt . "P32i 是技术"@zh . "αποτελείται από"@el . . . . . "Tipo"@pt . . "βρίσκεται ή βρισκόταν σε"@el . "Instances of this class include structured, digital collections of information about a specific object or collection. A data record includes essential metadata such as object type, origin, manufacture, material, and storage location, often organized in databases or standards, such as the minimum data record for museums and collections. It is used for the electronic recording, management, research, and online publication of cultural assets."@en . "P136i supported type creation"@en . . "有译文"@zh . "Diese Klasse umfasst Aktivitäten der Beobachtung (S27) (Substanz), bei denen ein Akteur (E39) auf eine Instanz von E18 Physical Thing trifft, die für die Aufgabe der Beobachtung relevant ist oder als potenziell relevant für eine Gemeinschaft (Identität) angesehen wird. Diese Beobachtung erzeugt Wissen über die Existenz des betreffenden Dings an einem bestimmten Ort in oder auf der umgebenden Materie. Dieses Wissen kann für die Gruppe von Menschen, zu der der Akteur gehört, neu sein. In diesem Fall würden wir von einer Entdeckung sprechen. Der Beobachter kann eine individuelle Identität des angetroffenen Dings erkennen oder zuordnen oder nur die Art in der zugehörigen Dokumentation oder dem Bericht als bemerkenswert ansehen. In der Archäologie ist es von besonderem Interesse, wenn ein Objekt „in situ“ gefunden wird, d.h. wenn seine Einbettung in die umgebende Materie die Vermutung stützt, dass das Objekt seit dem archäologisch relevanten Ablagerungsereignis nicht bewegt wurde. Die umgebende Materie mit der relativen Position des Objekts darin sowie die absolute Position und der Zeitpunkt der Beobachtung können aufgezeichnet werden, um Rückschlüsse auf die Geschichte des Objekts zu ermöglichen. In der Biologie können zusätzliche Parameter erfasst werden - wie die Art des Ökosystems, ob das biologische Individuum die Beobachtung überlebt hat, welche Detektions- oder Fanggeräte verwendet wurden oder ob das Begegnungsereignis die Entdeckung einer neuen biologischen Art („Taxon“) ermöglichte.\n\nBeispiele:\nder Fund eines vollständigen Skeletts in situ durch Nikolaos Stampolidis in Eleutherna während der archäologischen Ausgrabungen der Universität Kreta im Jahr 2007 (Bonn-Muller, 2010)\ndie Entdeckung von Lagocephalos_Sceleratus mit dem Trawler 419 im Mittelmeer in der ersten Augustwoche 2014 (S19) (Bekiari et al., 2014)\nder Fund des Marmorfußbodens der Villa der Papyri in Herculaneum beim Ausheben eines Brunnens im Jahr 1750 (Sider, 1990)"@de . "P1i 标识"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the spatial location of an instance of E4 Period. \nThe related instance of E53 Place should be seen as a wider approximation of the geometric area within which the phenomena that characterise the period in question occurred, see below. P7 took place at (witnessed) does not convey any meaning other than spatial positioning (frequently on the surface of the earth). For example, the period “Révolution française” can be said to have taken place in “France in 1789”; the “Victorian” period may be said to have taken place in “Britain from 1837-1901” and its colonies, as well as other parts of Europe and North America. An instance of E4 Period can take place at multiple non-contiguous, non-overlapping locations.\nAny place where something happened includes the spatial projection of the happening given in the same geometric reference system. For instance, HMS Victory, as place of Lord Nelson's dying, includes the location of his body relative to the hull of HMS Victory at his time of death as the most precise location of his death. By the definition of P161 has spatial projection, an instance of E4 Period takes place on all its spatial projections to respective reference systems, that is, instances of E53 Place. Therefore, this property implies the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within to E53 Place, where both places are defined in the same geometric reference system. The relation between an instance of E53 Place and its reference system can conveniently be documented via the property P157 is at rest relative to (provides reference space for).\nSomething that has happened at a given place can also be considered to have happened at a smaller place within it: for example, it is reasonable to say Caesar’s murder took place in Rome, but also on the Forum Romanum, and more precisely in the Curia. It is characteristic for different historical sources to use varying precision in such statements, without being in contradiction with each other. This may be due to lack of knowledge or to the relevance of the precision for the purpose of the statement. In information integration, the more precise statement improves the overall knowledge.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The period “Révolution française” (E4) took place at the area covered by France in 1789 (E53). (Bertaud, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P7(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)\n- P7(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P7(x,y) ⇒ (∃z,u) [P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)]\n- [E4(x) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(v,u) ˄ P7(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,v) ˄ P89(v,y)] ⇒ P7(x,v)\n"@en . . "P125i foi tipo do objeto usado em"@pt . "classified"@en . . "P46 составлен из"@ru . "identifie"@fr . "P184 se termine avant ou au moment de la fin de"@fr . "перемещен из"@ru . "Atribuição de Característica"@pt . "P136 a été fondé sur"@fr . "est représenté par"@fr . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(start) is true.\nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finished-by, equals}\nIn a model with fuzzy borders, this property will not be transitive.\nThis property is irreflexive.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_05.png\n\n\nFigure 12: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_06.png\n\n\nFigure 13: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- The production of the scarab seal found in Poros in a context of LMIIIB (E12) starts after or with the start of Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C) (E4). [The scarab stamp seal found in Poros was associated with finds dated to the LMIIIB period. The seal is dated to the Tutankhamun period or later because it belongs to the scarabs of type “nh.s n Jmn”: During Akhenaten period, the production of this type of scarab seal stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). Therefore, the scarab cannot have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production] (Karetsou, 2000)\n- The production of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in Tholos B in Platanos (E12) starts after or with the start of the Hammurabi period of the kingdom (E4). [Of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in tholos B in Platanos believed to connect king Hammurabi with the MM I period. Specifically, although the finding is believed to have been found in a MM I layer, it contained material from the MM III/YM I period. Therefore, the seal may be from the Hammurabi period or, it may be from a later period.] (Walberg, 1992.)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P175(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y)\n- ¬P175(x,x)\n"@en . . . "Материал"@ru . "era destinação de"@pt . "Quantification: one to one, necessary (1,1:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that constitutes the complete trajectory of its geometric extent through spacetime for the whole time of the existence of the instance of E18 Physical Thing.\nAn instance of E18 Physical Thing not only occupies a particular geometric space at each instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime, i.e. the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume this property associates it with. This real spatiotemporal extent of the instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded as being unique, in all its details and fuzziness; the identity and existence of the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume depend uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing, whose existence defines it. It constitutes a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013).\nIncluded in this spacetime volume are both the spaces filled by the matter of the physical thing and any inner space that may exist, for instance the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a finite number of individually contiguous subsets of this spacetime volume equal to the number of objects that constitute the set and that are never connected during its existence.\n\nExamples:\n- H.M.S. Temeraire (E22) defines the spacetime volume of H.M.S. Temeraire (E92). [it was built, during 1798, in Chatham and destroyed, during 1838, in Rotherhithe] (Willis, 2010)\n- The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) defines the spacetime volume of the Saint Titus reliquary (E92). [the reliquary has been produced by the workshop of the Vogiatzis brothers located at Monastiraki, Athens, in 1966 as container for the skull of Saint Titus, which was placed into it at that time and has since then continued to fall within the container’s spacetime volume. The reliquary with the skull has been kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010; Panotis, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P196(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P196(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n"@en . "P166i a eu pour présence"@fr . "P46i forms part of"@en . . "comprend"@fr . . "转变"@zh . "类型赋值"@zh . . "P141 присвоил"@ru . "E64 Daseinsende"@de . "Instances of this class describe the different types of class E9 Move, e.g.\n- by train\n- by stagecoach\n- by airplane"@en . "P139 hat alternative Form"@de . "P124i was transformed by"@en . "назначил"@ru . "имеет текущего владельца"@ru . "Χρονικό Διάστημα"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property allows sub-typing of CIDOC CRM entities –a form of specialisation – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus. \nThe CIDOC CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CIDOC CRM may by specialised into any number of sub-entities, which can be defined in the E55 Type hierarchy. E41 Appellation, for example, may be specialised into “e-mail address”, “telephone number”, “post office box”, “URL”, etc., none of which figures explicitly in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. A comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document.\nThis property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned to E55 Type.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- “enquiries@cidoc-crm.org” (E41) has type e-mail address (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P2(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P2(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- P2(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E17(z)] ˄ P41i(x,z) ˄ P42(z,y)]\n"@en . "P33i χρησιμοποιήθηκε για"@el . "E12 Παραγωγή"@el . . . . "est à l’arrêt par rapport à"@fr . "This class includes terms that describe the type of presentation of an object in the collection room or museum,\n\ne.g.\n- on a pedestal\n- on the wall\n- in a cabinet"@en . "hat bevorzugtes Kennzeichen"@de . . . "E53 地点"@zh . . "a mis fin à l’existence de"@fr . "assigned"@en . . . "Событие Производства"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an instance E90 Symbolic Object carried by an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Since an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is defined as an immaterial idealization over potentially multiple carriers, any individual realization on a particular physical carrier may be defective, due to deterioration or shortcomings in the process of creating the realization compared to the intended ideal. As long as such defects do not substantially affect the complete recognition of the respective symbolic object, it is still regarded as carrying an instance of this E90 Symbolic Object. If these defects are of scholarly interest, the particular realization can be modelled as an instance of E25 Human-Made Feature. Note, that any instance of E90 Symbolic Object incorporated (P165) in the carried symbolic object is also carried by the same instance of E18 Physical Thing.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Matthew’s paperback copy of Reach for the Sky (E18) carries the text of Reach for the Sky (E73). [see also: (Brickhill, 2001)] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P128(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P128(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) \n- P128(x,y) ⇒ P130(x,y)\n"@en . "P86 περιέχεται σε"@el . "is current owner of"@en . "P68" . . "题识"@zh . "P12i ήταν παρών/παρούσα/παρόν σε"@el . "commence avant la fin de"@fr . "employed"@en . . "Dimension"@fr . "documente"@fr . "P41" . "war anwesend bei"@de . . "P98 brachte zur Welt"@de . "P170i time is defined by"@en . "Adição de Parte"@pt . "a pour valeur"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of the instance of the E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space.\nIn general, there can be more than one useful reference space (for reference space see P156 occupies and P157 is at rest relative to) to describe the spatial projection of a spacetime volume, for example, in describing a sea battle, the difference between the battle ship and the seafloor as reference spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the projection is not unique.\nThe spatial projection is the actual spatial coverage of a spacetime volume, which normally has fuzzy boundaries except for instances of E92 Spacetime Volume which are geometrically defined in the same reference system as the range of this property and are an exception to this and do not have fuzzy boundaries. Modelling explicitly fuzzy spatial projections serves therefore as a common topological reference of different spatial approximations rather than absolute geometric determination, for instance for relating outer or inner spatial boundaries for the respective spacetime volumes.\nThe spatial projection is unique with respect to the reference system. For instance, there is exactly one spatial projection of Lord Nelson’s dying relative to the ship HMS Victory, i.e. the location of his body relative to the ship HMS Victory at the time of his death.\nIn case the domain of an instance of P161 has spatial projection is an instance of E4 Period, the spatial projection describes all areas that period was ever present at, for instance, the Roman Empire. \nThis property is part of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place, which in turn is implied by P156 occupies (is occupied by).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Roman Empire (E4) has spatial projection all areas ever claimed by Rome (E53). (Clare & Edwards, 1992)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P161(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P161(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- (∃y,z,u) [E92(x) ˄ E53(y) ˄ E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ] ⇒ (x = y)\n- P161(x,y) ˄ E4(x) ⇒ P7(x,y)\n"@en . "is possessed by"@en . . "χαρακτηρίσθηκε από"@el . "Profession"@en . "P188i" . . "E77 Ον"@el . "начать с начала"@ru . "wies zu"@de . "contains"@en . "détient le droit sur"@fr . "Mesurage"@fr . "has association with"@en . "wurde gebildet von"@de . "contém"@pt . . . "E14 状态评估"@zh . "P4i é o período de tempo de"@pt . "E30" . . "P28 μετεβίβασε κατοχή από"@el . . . . "P71 lists"@en . "est inclus dans"@fr . "E69 Morte"@pt . "P164 est temporellement spécifié par"@fr . "verlor Mitglied durch"@de . "E73 Информационный Объект"@ru . "curated"@en . "P97i ήταν πατέρας του/της"@el . . . "starb in"@de . "end of the begin"@en . "recoupe spatio-temporellement"@fr . . "wurde identifiziert durch"@de . "P81a конец начала"@ru . . "E10 Transfer of Custody"@en . "E11 Bearbeitung"@de . "P160" . . "E83 Type Creation"@en . "P96i gave birth"@en . "a détruit"@fr . "P62 описывает"@ru . "P72 a pour langue"@fr . "Diese Klasse umfasst Aktivitäten, bei denen Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) dokumentiert werden. Die Objektdokumentation stellt ein wesentliches Ereignis innerhalb der Museums-/Sammlungszugehörigkeit (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation) eines Objekts dar. \nDabei umfasst die Objektdokumentation etwa die Inventarnummerzuweisung (crm:E15_Identifier_Assignment), die Bezeichnungszuweisung (nfdi4objects:Appellation_Assignment), die Feststellung von Maßen (crm:E16_Measurement), bildgebende Verfahren (nfdi4objects:Imaging_Procedure).\n\nBeispiele:\n- die Zuweisung der Inventarnummer WI1826 zum Behaim Globus im Germanischen Nationalmuseum Nürnberg\n- die Anfertigung von 92 Schwarzweiß-Glasplattennegativen vom Behaim Globus 1939 durch den Fotografen Bruno Blum."@de . "P143i" . "hatte die allgemeine Verwendung"@de . "E39 Агент"@ru . "E53 Τόπος"@el . "E66 Formação"@pt . "Retrait d'élément"@fr . "P81b αρχή του τέλους"@el . "was purpose of"@en . "E8 Acquisition"@fr . "Attribute Assignment"@en . "P26i a été la destination de"@fr . "P43 tem dimensão"@pt . "Присвоение Атрибута"@ru . "P146i lost member by"@en . . "P151 a été formé à partir de"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an instance of E57 Material foreseen to be used by an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. \nE29 Designs and procedures commonly foresee the use of particular instances of E57 Material. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented.\nThis property is not intended for the documentation of instances of E57 Materials that were used on a particular occasion when an instance of E29 Design or Procedure was executed.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The procedure for soda glass manufacture (E29) foresees use of soda (E57). (Brooks, 1973)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P68(x,y) ⇒ E29(x)\n- P68(x,y) ⇒ E57(y) \n- P68(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "Diese Klasse umfasst quantifizierbare Eigenschaften eines Objekts, so z.B.\n\n- das Längenmaß\n- den materiellen Wert\n- den Durchmesser\n- das Gewicht"@de . "está presente em"@pt . "P69 has association with"@en . "E30 Δικαίωμα"@el . "P34i был оценен посредством"@ru . . "P179" . "übertrug Gewahrsam auf"@de . . "a pour traduction"@fr . . "Lugar"@pt . "P102i είναι τίτλος του/της"@el . "P40" . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E41 Appellation which a communication service uses to direct communications to this actor, such as an e-mail address, fax number, or postal address.\n\nExamples:\n- The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) (E74) has contact point “bl.ric@rlg.org” (E41)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P76(x,y) ⇒ E39(x)\n- P76(x,y) ⇒ E41(y)\n"@en . "Ikonografisches Motiv"@de . . . "P12i" . "有以往或当前所有者"@zh . "is former or current keeper of"@en . "был основан на"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E12 Production with the instance of E99 Production Type, that is, the type of the things it produces.\n\nExamples:\n- The production activity of the Volkswagen factory related to the “Standard limousine Type II” during 1949-1953 (E12) produced thing of product type Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99). (Rieger, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P186(x,y) ⇒ E12(x)\n- P186(x,y) ⇒ E99(y)\n- P186(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E24(z) ∧ P108(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]\n"@en . "P28i 出让监护权"@zh . . "right held by"@en . "E19 Физический Объект"@ru . "Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property documents the number of parts, an instance of E60 Number, of which an instance of E19 Physical Object is composed.\nThis may be used as a method of checking inventory counts with regard to aggregate or collective objects. What constitutes a part or component depends on the context and requirements of the documentation. Normally, the parts documented in this way would not be considered as worthy of individual attention.\nFor a more complete description, objects may be decomposed into their components and constituents using P46 is composed of (forms parts of) and P45 consists of (is incorporated in). This allows each element to be described individually.\n\nExamples:\n- Chess set 233 (E22) has number of parts 33 (E60). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P57(x,y) ⇒ E19(x)\n- P57(x,y) ⇒ E60(y)\n"@en . "Período de Tempo"@pt . "监护权转自"@zh . "E29 Design or Procedure"@en . "Language"@en . "P35i wurde identifiziert durch"@de . "E78 Collection"@fr . "έχει διαπιστώσει"@el . "locomoveu"@pt . . "Удаление Части"@ru . "was diminished by"@en . "P33 χρησιμοποίησε συγκεκριμένη τεχνική"@el . "https://wiki.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/spaces/DFD/pages/120422681/Datenfelder+Export"@de . "Ortszuweisung"@de . "P141 分配"@zh . . "E11" . . . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E2 Temporal Entity with the instance of E52 Time-Span during which it was on-going. The associated instance of E52 Time-Span is understood as the real time-span during which the phenomena making up the temporal entity instance were active. More than one instance of E2 Temporal Entity may share a common instance of E52 Time-Span only if they come into being and end being due to identical declarations or events.\n\nExamples:\n- The Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52). (Harbutt, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P4(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P4(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n"@en . "Monetary Amount"@en . "se termine avant ou au moment du début de"@fr . "P96 by mother"@en . "a dissous"@fr . "was formed by"@en . "είναι γλώσσα του/της"@el . . . "E80 Удаление Части"@ru . "P29 μετεβίβασε κατοχή σε"@el . . "est dissocié par"@fr . "betraf"@de . "applies to"@en . "P56i βρίσκεται σε"@el . "выполнял"@ru . "E2" . "有组件"@zh . . "является величиной для"@ru . "P98i был рожден"@ru . "P33i был использован посредством"@ru . "совершался на"@ru . "Site"@fr . . "γέννησε"@el . "P82 irgendwann innerhalb von"@de . "hat Dimension"@de . "Quantification: one to many (0,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property is a container for all informal descriptions about an object that have not been expressed in terms of CIDOC CRM constructs. \nIn particular, it captures the characterisation of the item itself, its internal structures, appearance, etc.\nLike property P2 has type (is type of), this property is a consequence of the restricted focus of the CIDOC CRM. The aim is not to capture, in a structured form, everything that can be said about an item; indeed, the CIDOC CRM formalism is not regarded as sufficient to express everything that can be said. Good practice requires use of distinct note fields for different aspects of a characterisation. The P3.1 has type property of P3 has note allows differentiation of specific notes, e.g. “construction”, “decoration”, etc. \nAn item may have many notes, but a note is attached to a specific item.\n\nExamples:\n- Coffee mug – OXCMS:1983.1.1 (E19) has note “chipped at edge of handle” (E62) has type Condition (E55). (fictitious)\n\nProperties:\n- P3.1 has type: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P3(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P3(x,y) ⇒ E62(y) \n- P3(x,y,z) ⇒ [P3(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "P37i wurde zugewiesen durch"@de . "Ονομασία"@el . "E56 语种"@zh . "P186 a produit la chose du type"@fr . "entließ von"@de . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing modified in an instance of E11 Modification.\n\nExamples:\n- The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) has modified the Reichstag in Berlin (E24). (Foster, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P31(x,y) ⇒ E11(x)\n- P31(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P31(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "a été évalué par"@fr . "CRM Сущность"@ru . "E39 Agente"@pt . "fand statt im Beisein von"@de . "comporte"@fr . "Seiendes"@de . "包含"@zh . . "P22i получил право собственности через"@ru . "P70 documenta"@pt . . "Официальный Документ"@ru . "hat hergestellt"@de . . . . . "P55i" . . "P14i выполнял"@ru . "被分配"@zh . . "Πληροφοριακό Αντικείμενο"@el . "was purpose of"@en . "E64 Конец Существования"@ru . "Diese Klasse umfasst den immateriellen Inhalt von Instanzen der Klasse K4 Source, z.B.\n\n- der Inhalt des Inventars der Brandenburgisch-Preußischen Kunstkammer aus dem Jahr 1605, das im Geheimen Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz unter der Signatur GStA PK, I. HA, Rep. 9, Allgemeine Verwaltung, Nr. D 2, Fasz. 1, fol. 13r-43r verwahrt wird.\n- der Inhalt der anonym verfassten Beschreibung der Brandenburgisch-Preußischen Kunstkammer \"Anonymus B\" aus dem Jahr 1740."@de . "P71i é definido por"@pt . "P69i" . "P28i final da custódia por meio de"@pt . "adicionou"@pt . "P42i 被分配类型"@zh . "Событие Приобретения"@ru . "This class is used for the description of instances of the class E22 Human Made Object."@en . "P127 hat den Oberbegriff"@de . "Zuweisung einer Nutzungsart"@de . . . . . "P89i enthält"@de . "Lizenzart"@de . "joined"@en . "was joined by"@en . "P10 falls within"@en . . "死亡"@zh . "出现在"@zh . "καθόλη τη διάρκεια του/της"@el . "Конец Существования"@ru . . . "gebar"@de . . "Diese Klasse beschreibt die Museums- oder Sammlungszugehörigkeit von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) in der Objektbiografie und bildet damit ein zentrales Ereignis der Lebensgeschichte von Objekten. Mit dem Prozess der Musealisierung werden materielle Hinterlassenschaften der Menschheits- und Umweltgeschichte erst zu Objekten, da sie vorher einen konkreten Nutzungskontext hatten und mit der Aufnahme in eine Sammlung dem ökonomischen Kreislauf entnommen werden und eine neue Bedeutung erlangen. Sie werden zu sog. Semiophoren (vgl. Pomian, Krzysztof: Ursprung des Museums. Vom Sammeln, 1987.), die einerseits Materialität besitzen, andererseits mit Bedeutung versehen werden bzw. etwas repräsentieren, aufgrund dessen sie erst zu einer Sammlung hinzugefügt wurden.\nDie Museums- oder Sammlungszugehörigkeit beginnt mit der Akquisition (crm:E8_Acquisition), bei der das Objekt rechtlich erworben wird, gefolgt vom physischen Zugang (nfdi4objects:Accession) in die Räumlichkeiten der Institution. Bei historischen Sammlungskonktexten können diese Vorgänge oft nicht genau bestimmt werden. Nicht selten ist auch die rechtliche Situation der Akquise nicht mehr genau rekonstruierbar. Eine Museums- oder Sammlungszugehörigkeit endet, wenn das Objekt vom Museum entsammelt oder restituiert wird.\n\nBeispiele:\nDie Zugehörigkeit des Steins von Rosette zur Sammlung des British Museum\nDie Zugehörigkeit des Behaim Globus zur Sammlung des Germanischen Nationalmuseum in Nürnberg"@de . "P69i is associated with"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with another instance of Physical Thing that forms part of it. The spatial extent of the composing part is included in the spatial extent of the whole.\nComponent elements, since they are themselves instances of E18 Physical Thing, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall. This property does not specify when and for how long a component element resided in the respective whole. If a component is not part of a whole from the beginning of existence or until the end of existence of the whole, the classes E79 Part Addition and E90 Part Removal can be used to document when a component became part of a particular whole and/or when it stopped being a part of it. For the time-span of being part of the respective whole, the component is completely contained in the place the whole occupies.\nThis property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of E18 Physical Thing are captured by the P3 has note property.\nThe instances of E57 Material of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in).\nThis property is transitive and asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Royal carriage (E22) forms part of the Royal train (E22).\n- The “Hog’s Back” (E24) forms part of the “Fosseway” (E24).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y)\n- [P46(x,y) ∧ P46(y,z)] ⇒ P46(x,z)\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ (∃uzw)[E93(u) ∧ P195i (x,u) ∧ E52(z) ∧ P164(u,z) ∧ E93(w) ∧ P195i (w,y) ∧ P164(w,z) ∧ P10(w,u)] \n- P46(x,y) ⇒ ¬P46(y,x)\n"@en . "P104 υπόκειται σε"@el . "P81a Ende des Anfangs"@de . "持久项"@zh . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with an instance of E53 Place that is the result of the spatial projection of the instance of the E92 Spacetime Volume on a reference space.\nIn general, there can be more than one useful reference space (for reference space see P156 occupies and P157 is at rest relative to) to describe the spatial projection of a spacetime volume, for example, in describing a sea battle, the difference between the battle ship and the seafloor as reference spaces. Thus, it can be seen that the projection is not unique.\nThe spatial projection is the actual spatial coverage of a spacetime volume, which normally has fuzzy boundaries except for instances of E92 Spacetime Volume which are geometrically defined in the same reference system as the range of this property and are an exception to this and do not have fuzzy boundaries. Modelling explicitly fuzzy spatial projections serves therefore as a common topological reference of different spatial approximations rather than absolute geometric determination, for instance for relating outer or inner spatial boundaries for the respective spacetime volumes.\nThe spatial projection is unique with respect to the reference system. For instance, there is exactly one spatial projection of Lord Nelson’s dying relative to the ship HMS Victory, i.e. the location of his body relative to the ship HMS Victory at the time of his death.\nIn case the domain of an instance of P161 has spatial projection is an instance of E4 Period, the spatial projection describes all areas that period was ever present at, for instance, the Roman Empire. \nThis property is part of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place, which in turn is implied by P156 occupies (is occupied by).\n\nExamples:\n- The Roman Empire (E4) has spatial projection all areas ever claimed by Rome (E53). (Clare & Edwards, 1992)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P161(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P161(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- (∃y,z,u) [E92(x) ˄ E53(y) ˄ E53(z) ˄ E18(u) ˄ P157(y,u) ˄ P157(z,u) ˄ P161(x,y) ˄ P161(x,z) ] ⇒ (x = y)\n- P161(x,y) ˄ E4(x) ⇒ P7(x,y)\n"@en . "This class comprises digital video files, e.g. \n- the video that shows how a violin is being played \"violin.mp4\" \n- a video of a man playing a piano from the Rück-Collection on YouTube"@en . "有当前或以往成员"@zh . "P106 is composed of"@en . "P99" . "Diese Klasse umfasst Texte oder Stichpunkte in einer oder mehreren natürlichen Sprachen. Eine Instanz dieser Klasse dient dem näheren Verständnis eines Sachverhalts und liefert vertiefende oder erläuternde Informationen."@de . "присвоил"@ru . "P45" . "P141i wurde zugewiesen durch"@de . "P161" . "Intervalle temporel"@fr . "Objeto Material"@pt . "has identified"@en . "P22 transferred title to"@en . "Τίτλος"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (2,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E21 Person with another instance of E21 Person who plays the role of the first instance’s parent, regardless of whether the relationship is biological parenthood, assumed or pretended biological parenthood or an equivalent legal status of rights and obligations obtained by a social or legal act. \nThis property is, among others, a shortcut of the fully developed paths from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P96 by mother to E21 Person, and from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P97 from father to E21 Person.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Gaius Octavius (E21) has parent Julius Caesar (E21). (Bleicken & Bell, 2015)\n- Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Joanne Simpson (E21). [Biological mother] (Isaacson, 2011)\n- Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Clara Jobs (E21). [Adoption mother] (Isaacson, 2011)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(x)\n- P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P96(z,y)]\n- P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P97(z,y)]\n- ¬P152(x,x)\n"@en . . "is language of"@en . "έχει μόνιμη θέση"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice). Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Roman Empire on 19(th) August AD 14 (E93) was a presence of The Roman Empire (E4). (Clare and Edwards, 1992)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P166(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P166(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P166(x,y) ⇒ P10(x,y)\n"@en . "Физический Объект"@ru . "P40 观测度量规格"@zh . "P11 a eu pour actant participant"@fr . . "P139 有交替形式"@zh . . "P46i αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . . "tem estado material"@pt . "P174i ends after the start of"@en . "P144" . "E9 Move"@en . "P111i 被增加"@zh . "συνορεύει με"@el . "is type of"@en . "πραγματοποιήθηκε από"@el . "создал тип"@ru . "This class covers creative processes that generate images, e.g., MRI, CT, X-ray, but also 3D models or regular photographs."@en . "P180i was currency of"@en . . "P3 有注释"@zh . "Design- or Procedure Assignment"@en . . "P143" . "P89 περιέχεται σε"@el . "P97i был отцом для"@ru . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises abstract temporal extents, in the sense of Galilean physics, having a beginning, an end, and a duration. \nInstances of E52 Time-Span have no semantic connotations about phenomena happening within the temporal extent they represent. They do not convey any meaning other than a positioning on the “time-line” of chronology. The actual extent of an instance of E52 Time-Span can be approximated by properties of E52 Time-Span giving inner and outer bounds in the form of dates (instances of E61 Time Primitive). Comparing knowledge about time-spans is fundamental for chronological reasoning.\nSome instances of E52 Time-Span may be defined as the actual, in principle observable, temporal extent of instances of E2 Temporal Entity via the property P4 has time-span (is time-span of): E52 Time-Span. They constitute phenomenal time-spans as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel 2013). Since our knowledge of history is imperfect and physical phenomena are fuzzy in nature, the extent of phenomenal time-spans can only be described in approximation. An extreme case of approximation, might, for example, define an instance of E52 Time-Span having unknown beginning, end and duration. It may, nevertheless, be associated with other descriptions by which people can infer knowledge about it, such as in relative chronologies.\nSome instances of E52 may be defined precisely as representing a declaration of a temporal extent, as, for instance, done in a business contract. They constitute declarative time-spans as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel 2013) and can be described via the property E61 Time Primitive P170 defines time (time is defined by): E52 Time-Span. \nWhen used as a common E52 Time-Span for two events, it will nevertheless describe them as being simultaneous, even if nothing else is known.\n\nExamples:\n- 1961\n- From 12-17-1993 to 12-8-1996\n- 14h30 to 16h22 4(th) July 1945\n- 9.30 am 1.1.1999 to 2.00 pm 1.1.1999\n- the time-span of the Ming Dynasty (Chan, 2011)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E52(x) ⇒ E1(x)\n"@en . "является действующим или бывшим членом"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E2 Temporal Entity with the instance of E52 Time-Span during which it was on-going. The associated instance of E52 Time-Span is understood as the real time-span during which the phenomena making up the temporal entity instance were active. More than one instance of E2 Temporal Entity may share a common instance of E52 Time-Span only if they come into being and end being due to identical declarations or events.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Yalta Conference (E7) has time-span Yalta Conference time-span (E52). (Harbutt, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P4(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P4(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n"@en . . "P13 уничтожил"@ru . "дал рождение"@ru . "P45i 结合在"@zh . . "Appellation"@en . "P142i was used in"@en . "E21 Πρόσωπο"@el . "se aplicam à"@pt . "Gruppenbildung"@de . "P145 entließ"@de . "Βιολογικό Ακτικείμενο"@el . "P123 ergab"@de . "P15 a été influencé par"@fr . "解散"@zh . "Materieller Gegenstand"@de . "P70 τεκμηριώνει"@el . . "P72 é da língua"@pt . "a pour sujet"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the current or former place of residence (an instance of E53 Place) of an instance of E39 Actor. \nThe residence may be either the place where the actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Queen Elizabeth II (E39) has current or former residence Buckingham Palace (E53). (Robinson, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P74(x,y) ⇒ E39(x)\n- P74(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises identifiable expressions in natural language or languages. \nInstances of E33 Linguistic Object can be expressed in many ways: e.g. as written texts, recorded speech, or sign language. However, the CIDOC CRM treats instances of E33 Linguistic Object independently from the medium or method by which they are expressed. Expressions in formal languages, such as computer code or mathematical formulae, are not treated as instances of E33 Linguistic Object by the CIDOC CRM. These should be modelled as instances of E73 Information Object.\nIn general, an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may also contain non-linguistic information, often of artistic or aesthetic value. Only in cases in which the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object can completely be expressed by a series of binary-encoded symbols, its content may be documented within a respective knowledge base by the property P190 has symbolic content: E62 String. Otherwise, it should be understood as an identifiable digital resource only available independently from the respective knowledge base. \nIn other cases, such as pages of an illuminated manuscript or recordings containing speech in a language supported by a writing system, the linguistic part of the content of an instance of E33 Linguistic Object may be documented within a respective knowledge base in a note by P3 has note: E62 String. Otherwise, it may be described using the property P165 incorporates (is incorporated in): E73 Information Object as a different object with its own identity.\n\nExamples:\n- the text of the Ellesmere Chaucer manuscript (Hilmo, 2019)\n- the lyrics of the song “Blue Suede Shoes” (Cooper, 2008)\n- the text of the “Jabberwocky” by Lewis Carroll (Carroll, 1981)\n- the text of “Doktoro Jekyll kaj Sinjoro Hyde” [an Esperanto translation of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde]. (Stevenson, Morrison and Mann, 1909)\n- the free dialog in the local dialect recorded in 1958, Telemark, Norway stored on tape or.7-89.s1 (00.15:46-00:34), The Language Collection at the University Library in Bergen, Norway (verified on 2020)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E33(x) ⇒ E73(x)\n"@en . "Temporal Entity"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(start) is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to the following Allen temporal relation (Allen, 1983) : {before}.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. \n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_11.png\n\n\nFigure 18: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_12.png\n\n\nFigure 19: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- Gisle taking office as Bishop of Linköping 1139 AD (E7) ends before the start of The Guta saga composition (E65). (Peel, 1999)\n- Troy VII (E4) ends before the start of Troy VIII (E4). [uninhabited for some 200 years]\n- The use of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in Nihoria in the MHIII-LHI period (E4) ends before the start of the period of reuse of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in LHIIIA (E4). [“Of the six tombs excavated in the Nikitopoulou group […] the finds in Tomb Four are of MH II or MH III-LH I date, with the exception of the finds with the Northern group of material, which is uniformly dated to LHIIA2, end the ewer in the middle of the floor, dated LHIIIA1. […] The preserved evidence seems clearly to indicate use in the MHIII-LHI use in the MHIII-LHI period followed by a period of reuse in LHIIIA, a pattern matched at architecturally similar sites such as 13:Kaminia and 10:Gouvalári.”] (Boyd, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ P182(x,y)\n- [P183(x,y) ∧ P183(y,z)] ⇒ P183(x,z)\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ ¬P183(y,x)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by to E39 Actor, if and only if the custody has not been surrendered by the receiving actor at any later time\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current keeper The National Gallery (E74) (Iveagh Bequest, 1975)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P50(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P50(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P50(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y)\n- P50(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ P29(z,y) ]\n- ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E10(w) ˄ P30i(x,w) ˄ P28(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]\n"@en . "wurde zugewiesen durch"@de . . "P42i был присвоен посредством"@ru . . "被产生"@zh . "получил право собственности через"@ru . "E58 Unité de mesure"@fr . "P111 добавил"@ru . . "P91 a pour unité de mesure"@fr . "P99 dissolved"@en . "有单位"@zh . "有度量规格"@zh . "P137 exemplifies"@en . "P103i был интенцией для"@ru . "used specific object"@en . . . "P91i 所属单位"@zh . . "E42 Identificador de Objeto"@pt . "является условием для"@ru . "E57 Material"@de . . "P44" . "P136 был основан на"@ru . . "E6" . "Human-Made Feature"@en . "retirou a atribuição do"@pt . "E58 Μονάδα Μέτρησης"@el . "P121 пересекается с"@ru . . . "dissolveu"@pt . . . "P106 составлен из"@ru . "有特征"@zh . . "P167i includes"@en . "P35 a identifié"@fr . . "P5" . "E68 Dissolution"@fr . "foi baseado em"@pt . "E19 Υλικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "used object of type"@en . "P141 assigned"@en . "P72i é a língua de"@pt . "出生"@zh . . . "Maß"@de . "P82a begin of the begin"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises identifiable immaterial items, such as poems, jokes, data sets, images, texts, multimedia objects, procedural prescriptions, computer program code, algorithm or mathematical formulae, that have an objectively recognizable structure and are documented as single units. The encoding structure known as a “named graph” also falls under this class, so that each “named graph” is an instance of E73 Information Object.\nAn instance of E73 Information Object does not depend on a specific physical carrier, which can include human memory, and it can exist on one or more carriers simultaneously.\nInstances of E73 Information Object of a linguistic nature should be declared as instances of the E33 Linguistic Object subclass. Instances of E73 Information Object of a documentary nature should be declared as instances of the E31 Document subclass. Conceptual items such as types and classes are not instances of E73 Information Object, nor are ideas without a reproducible expression.\n\nExamples:\n- image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E31) (Natural History Museum, 2021)\n- E. A. Poe's “The Raven” (Poe, 1869)\n- the movie “The Seven Samurai” by Akira Kurosawa (Mellen, 2002)\n- the text of Huray describing the Maxwell Equations (Huray, 2010)\n- the Getty AAT as published as Linked Open Data, accessed 1/10/2014\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E73(x) ⇒ E89(x)\n- E73(x) ⇒ E90(x)\n"@en . . "P94i was created by"@en . "列于"@zh . "P81b Anfang vom Ende"@de . "E79" . . "P1 αναγνωρίζεται ως"@el . "a pour plan de production"@fr . "来自父亲"@zh . "P101 had as general use"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a complete, identifying representation of its content in the form of an instance of E62 String. \nThis property only applies to instances of E90 Symbolic Object that can be represented completely in this form. The representation may be more specific than the symbolic level defining the identity condition of the represented. This depends on the type of the symbolic object represented. For instance, if a name has type “Modern Greek character sequence”, it may be represented in a loss-free Latin transcription, meaning however the sequence of Greek letters. \nAs another example, if the represented object has type “English words sequence”, American English or British English spelling variants may be chosen to represent the English word “colour” without defining a different symbolic object. If a name has type “European traditional name”, no particular string may define its content.\n\nExamples:\n- The materials description of the painting (E33) has symbolic content “Oil, French Watercolors on Paper, Graphite and Ink on Canvas, with an Oak frame.” (E62).\n- The title of Einstein’s 1915 text (E35) has symbolic content “Relativity, the Special and the General Theory” (E62). (Einstein, 2001)\n- The story of Little Red Riding Hood (E33) has symbolic content “Once upon a time there lived in a certain village.” (E62). (Lang, 1965)\n- The inscription on Rijksmuseum object SK-A-1601 (E34) has symbolic content “B” (E62). [reference: https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-1601/catalogue-entry (accessed 10(th) April 2021)]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P190(x,y) ⇒ E90(x)\n- P190(x,y) ⇒ E62(y)\n"@en . "P89" . "является заголовком для"@ru . . . "Роспуск"@ru . "Conceptual Object"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes an intentional relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and some general goal or purpose, described as an instance of E55 Type. \nThis may involve activities intended as preparation for some type of activity or event. P21 had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of in that no specific event is implied as the purpose.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Van Eyck’s pigment grinding (E7) had general purpose painting (E55). (Borchert, 2008)\n- The setting of trap 2742 on 17(th) May 1874 (E7) had general purpose catching moose (E55). [activity type] (fictitious)\n- The construction of the Berlin Wall starting 13(th) August 1961 (E12) had general purpose preventing emigration (E55). (History.com Editors, 2020)\n- The reinforcement of the Mexico-United States barrier between the United States of America and Mexico in Fall 2019 (E11) had general purpose preventing immigration (E55).\n- The rebuilding of the city walls of Heraklion by the Venetian rulers starting in 1462 (E12) had general purpose preventing conquest by enemy (E55). (YouIngGreece.com, 2020)\n- The building of the seawall in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan between 2014 and 2020 (E12) had general purpose preventing inland flooding by tsunami (E55).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P21(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P21(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n"@en . "P49i 是以往或当前保管者"@zh . "P97 είχε πατέρα"@el . "P141i was assigned by"@en . "P134i" . "Εκτίμηση Κατάστασης"@el . "P138" . "P130i Merkmale auch auf"@de . "stellt dar"@de . "E58 Unidade de Medida"@pt . . "P10i enthält"@de . "был техникой для"@ru . . "P73 έχει μετάφραση"@el . "bildet Teil von"@de . . "P196i is defined by"@en . "bears feature"@en . "wurde vermessen durch"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E12 Production with the instance of E99 Production Type, that is, the type of the things it produces.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The production activity of the Volkswagen factory related to the “Standard limousine Type II” during 1949-1953 (E12) produced thing of product type Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99). (Rieger, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P186(x,y) ⇒ E12(x)\n- P186(x,y) ⇒ E99(y)\n- P186(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E24(z) ∧ P108(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]\n"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing to an instance of E55 Type of usage or audience. It creates a relation between specific human-made things, both physical and immaterial, to E55 Types. This property can be used to specify intended methods and techniques of use or to characterise the intended audience by indicating a type of personal characteristic that everyone falling into the target audience has. \nNote: A link between specific human-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for).\n\nExamples:\n- This plate (E22) was intended for being destroyed at wedding reception (E55). (fictitious)\n- “Reading for life, a first book for adults and their tutors” (E28) was intended for adult literacy learners in the English language (E55). (Allen, 1987)\n- “Piglet has a bath” (E28), published on sealed plastic pages, was intended for young children having a bath (E55). (Milne & Shepard, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P103(x,y) ⇒ E71(x)\n- P103(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n"@en . "falls within"@en . "custódia recebida por"@pt . "is shown by"@en . "P46" . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(end) is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by}\nTypically, this property is a consequence of a known influence of some event on another event or activity, such as a novel written by someone being continued by someone else, or the knowledge of a defeat on a distant battlefield causing people to end their ongoing activities. This property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive. \n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_03.png\n\n\nFigure 10: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_04.png\n\n\nFigure 11: Temporal entity A starts before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- The settling activity of the city of Assur (Ashur) (E7) starts before the end of The Tenth Dynasty of Egypt (E4). [There are some 200 - 300 years differences in the chronology of the First Intermediate Period, and Assur is dated to “about 2500 BC”.] (Pedersén, 1986)\n- The building of the current St. Peters in Rome (E7) starts before the end of the demolition of the old 4(th) c. St. Peters (E6, E7) (Bosman, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P174(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P174(x,y) ⇒ P173(x,y)\n- ¬P174(x,x)\n"@en . "tem forma alternativa"@pt . "E18 Chose matérielle"@fr . "использовал особую технику"@ru . . . "Objeto Biológico"@pt . "发生时段是"@zh . "P137 é exemplificado por"@pt . "is spatiotemporally separated from"@en . "P99 διέλυσε"@el . . "E80 Remoção de Parte"@pt . "P126i foi empregado em"@pt . "E4 Period"@en . "modificou"@pt . "ist derzeitiger Besitzer von"@de . "E16 Measurement"@en . "测量"@zh . "Curation Activity"@en . . "P65" . . "Valeur monétaire"@fr . "P25 μετεκίνησε"@el . "Biologischer Gegenstand"@de . "P126" . "pela mãe"@pt . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was assessed during an instance of E14 Condition Assessment. \nConditions may be assessed either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the instance of E18 Physical Thing does not need to be present or extant at the time of assessment.\n\nExamples:\n- The condition assessment of the silver collection in 1997 (E14) concerned silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n- The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P34(x,y) ⇒ E14(x)\n- P34(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P34(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)\n"@en . "P176i commence après le début de"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the temporal projection of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume. The property P4 has time-span is the same as P160 has temporal projection if it is used to document an instance of E4 Period or any subclass of it.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Temeraire from its building in 1798 to its destruction in 1838 (E92) has temporal projection the time-span of the existence of H.M.S. Temeraire (E52) [at some time within (P82) “1798-1838” (E61).] (Willis, 2010)\n- The Battle of Waterloo 1815 (E7) has temporal projection the time-span of the Battle of Waterloo (E52) [at some time within (P82) “Sunday, 18(th) June 1815” (E61).] (Black, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P160(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P160(x,y)⇒ E52(y)\n"@en . "beginning is qualified by"@en . "P113i foi removido por"@pt . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises activities that result in the allocation of an identifier to an instance of E1 CRM Entity. An instance of E15 Identifier Assignment may include the creation of the identifier from multiple constituents, which themselves may be instances of E41 Appellation. The syntax and kinds of constituents to be used may be declared in a rule constituting an instance of E29 Design or Procedure.\nExamples of such identifiers include Find Numbers, Inventory Numbers, uniform titles in the sense of librarianship and Digital Object Identifiers (DOI). Documenting the act of identifier assignment and deassignment is especially useful when objects change custody or the identification system of an organization is changed. In order to keep track of the identity of things in such cases, it is important to document by whom, when, and for what purpose an identifier is assigned to an item.\nThe fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be expressed by using the property E1 CRM Entity. P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of): E42 Identifier. It can better be expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable E55 Type, such as “preferred identifier assignment”, to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment through the P2 has type (is type of) property.\n\nExamples:\n- replacement of the inventory number TA959a by GE34604 for a 17(th) century lamentation cloth at the Museum Benaki, Athens\n- assigning the author and uniform title heading “Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 1749-1832. Faust. 1. Theil.” to a work \n- on 1(st) June 2001, assigning the personal name heading “Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377” to Guillaume de Machaut (Kelly, 2014)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E15(x) ⇒ E13(x)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing to an instance of E55 Type of usage or audience. It creates a relation between specific human-made things, both physical and immaterial, to E55 Types. This property can be used to specify intended methods and techniques of use or to characterise the intended audience by indicating a type of personal characteristic that everyone falling into the target audience has. \nNote: A link between specific human-made things and a specific use activity should be expressed using P19 was intended use of (was made for).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- This plate (E22) was intended for being destroyed at wedding reception (E55). (fictitious)\n- “Reading for life, a first book for adults and their tutors” (E28) was intended for adult literacy learners in the English language (E55). (Allen, 1987)\n- “Piglet has a bath” (E28), published on sealed plastic pages, was intended for young children having a bath (E55). (Milne & Shepard, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P103(x,y) ⇒ E71(x)\n- P103(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n"@en . "wurde fortgesetzt durch"@de . . "P145i" . "ist enthalten in"@de . "P109i" . "P138i est représenté par"@fr . "P138i имеет представление"@ru . "has production plan"@en . "brought into life"@en . "P33 used specific technique"@en . "P56 有特征"@zh . "结果造成"@zh . . "wies Merkmal zu"@de . . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to one (1,1:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the length of time covered by an instance of E52 Time-Span. It allows an instance of E52 Time-Span to be associated with an instance of E54 Dimension representing duration independent from the actual beginning and end. Indeterminacy of the duration value can be expressed by assigning a numerical interval to the property P90 has value of E54 Dimension.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The time-span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (E52) had duration Battle of Issos duration (E54). (Howard, 2012)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P191(x,y) ⇒ E52(x)\n- P191(x,y) ⇒ E54(y)\n"@en . "motivou"@pt . . "P130 shows features of"@en . "E17 Assignation de type"@fr . "Τέλος Ύπαρξης"@el . "P107i ist derzeitiges oder früheres Mitglied von"@de . "possesses"@en . "ging über in Besitz durch"@de . "This class contains the numeric information with which a particular instance of the class E53_Place can be located within spatial schemata. An instance of class Geo-Coordinates describes the position of a point on earth in the form of spherical coordinates or GPS coordinates.\n\nExample: The city of Nuremberg has the coordinates 49° 27' N, 11° 5' O."@en . "est traduction de"@fr . "P29i παρέλαβε κατοχή μέσω"@el . "использовал особый объект"@ru . "separated from"@en . "é ou foi localização de"@pt . "είχε ως γενική χρήση"@el . "P53 имеет текущее или бывшее местоположение"@ru . "E34 Inscription"@fr . "P179i was sales price of"@en . . "αποδόθηκε από"@el . . "Art_der_Datei"@de . "belegt"@de . "P124i a été transformé par"@fr . . . "P16i был использован для"@ru . "имел общую цель"@ru . "a transféré le titre de propriété de"@fr . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis symmetric property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place which shares a part of its border. \nThis property is purely spatial. It does not imply that the phenomena that define, by their extent, places related by P122 borders with have ever shared a respective border at the same time or even coexisted. In particular, this may be the case when the respective common border is formed by a natural feature. \nThis property is not transitive. This property is symmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- Scotland in its 1603 borders (E53) borders with England in its 1603 borders (E53). (Crofton, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P122(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P122(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P122(x,y) ⇒ P122(y,x)\n"@en . . "P65i is shown by"@en . . "έχει επεξήγηση"@el . "P52 has current owner"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who receive custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. \nThe property will typically describe Actors receiving custody of an object when it is handed over from another Actor’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be received involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.\nIn reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples:\n- Representatives of The National Gallery (E74) received custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P29(x,y) ⇒ E10(x)\n- P29(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P29(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "P52 имеет текущего владельца"@ru . "wies zu"@de . "ссылается на"@ru . "E4 Период"@ru . . "P147" . "a eu lieu à"@fr . "Instances of this class describe events in the object history in which instances of the “Object” class are the subject of a research project, such as projects funded by third-party funds from the German Research Foundation, but also projects financed from the research institutions' own funds in which specific questions are answered using scientific methods. The results often take the form of publications in the form of texts or data, 3D models, or even exhibitions.\n\nE.g., Focus Behaim Globe at the Germanisches Nationalmuseum, on the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Behaim Globe\n\nE.g., the DFG project “The Window to Nature and Art,” which researched, among other things, the sculpture “The Great Elector as Saint George” from the Berlin State Museums, formerly part of the Berlin Kunstkammer collection."@en . "P32 used general technique"@en . "是当前所有者"@zh . "contains"@en . . "P37i was assigned by"@en . . "P89i contém"@pt . "begin of the begin"@en . "has dimension"@en . . "P43 有度量规格"@zh . . "This class comprises digital 3D-Models that represent instances of E71 Human-Made Thing, e.g. \n- the 3D-model of the Cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris \n- the 3D-model of a Hammerwing"@en . "E41" . "P19" . . "P27 a déplacé depuis"@fr . . "P177i is type of property assigned"@en . "P95i 被组成"@zh . . . . "P182i" . "P70 记录了"@zh . "a eu pour prix de vente"@fr . "E25" . "refers to"@en . "P124i 被转变"@zh . "έχει ως θέμα"@el . "Deakzession"@de . . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the dimension that was observed in an E16 Measurement Event.\nE54 Dimension can be any quantifiable aspect of E70 Thing. Weight, image colour depth and monetary value are dimensions in this sense. One measurement activity may determine more than one dimension of one object.\nDimensions may be determined either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the measured Thing does not need to be present or extant.\nEven though knowledge of the value of a dimension requires measurement, the dimension may be an object of discourse prior to, or even without, any measurement being made.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) observed dimension silver cup 232 height (E54). [which has unit mm (E58), has value 224 (E60)] (fictitious)\n- The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) observed dimension the carbon 14 based temporal distance from 1996 to the growth of the wood of the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E60). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niederachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also: E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P40(x,y) ⇒ E16(x)\n- P40(x,y)⇒ E54(y)\n- P40(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "had sales price"@en . . "P135 erschuf Typus"@de . "E80" . "组成成分是"@zh . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises strings or codes assigned to instances of E1 CRM Entity in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the context of one or more organisations. Such codes are often known as inventory numbers, registration codes, etc. and are typically composed of alphanumeric sequences. Postal addresses, telephone numbers, URLs and e-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients.\nThe class E42 Identifier is not normally used for machine-generated identifiers used for automated processing unless these are also used by human agents.\n\nExamples:\n- “MM.GE.195”\n- “13.45.1976”\n- “OXCMS: 1997.4.1” (fictitious)\n- “ISSN 0041-5278” [Identifier for “The UNESCO Courier (Print)”]\n- ISRC “FIFIN8900186” [Identifier for : Kraft (29 min 14 s) / Magnus Lindberg, comp. ; Toimii Ensemble ; Swedish Radio symphony orchestra ; Esa-Pekka Salonen, dir.]\n- Shelf mark “Res 8 P 10” \n- “Guillaume de Machaut (1300?-1377)” [a controlled personal name heading that follows the French rules] (Reaney, 1974)\n- “+41 22 418 5571”\n- “ weasel@paveprime.com”\n- “Rue David Dufour 5, CH-1211, Genève”\n- “1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan”\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E42(x) ⇒ E41(x)\n"@en . "a transféré la garde de"@fr . "P125 usou objeto do tipo"@pt . "E33 Γλωσσικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "place is defined by"@en . "P69i est associé à"@fr . "P103 era destinado à"@pt . . "P20i a été la finalité de"@fr . "P98 brought into life"@en . "Απόκτηση"@el . "P126i a été employé dans"@fr . "fim do início"@pt . "Identifier"@en . . "características são também encontradas em"@pt . "P53 有之前或当前位置"@zh . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E41 Appellation with another instance of E41 Appellation that constitutes a derivative or variant of the former and that may also be used for identifying items identified by the former, in suitable contexts, independent from the particular item to be identified. This property should not be confused with additional variants of names used characteristically for a single, particular item, such as individual nicknames. It is a directed relationship, where the range expresses the derivative or variant and the domain the source of derivation or original form of variation, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. \nMultiple names assigned to an object, which do not apply to all things identified with the specific instance of E41 Appellation, should be modelled as repeated values of P1 is identified by (identifies) of this object.\nP139.1 has type allows the type of derivation to be refined, for instance “transliteration from Latin 1 to ASCII”.\n\nExamples:\n- “Martin Doerr” (E41) has alternative form “Martin Dörr” (E41) has type alternate spelling (E55).\n- “Гончарова, Наталья Сергеевна” (E41) has alternative form \"Gončarova, Natal´â Sergeevna\" (E41) has type ISO 9:1995 transliteration (E55).\n- “Αθήνα” (E41) has alternative form “Athina” (E41) has type transcription (E55).\n\nProperties:\n- P139.1 has type: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(x)\n- P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(y) \n- P139(x,y,z) ⇒ [P139(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- ¬P139(x,x)\n"@en . "被增加"@zh . "P10 εμπίπτει"@el . . "P24 transferred title of"@en . "a été effectué par"@fr . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was diminished by an instance of E80 Part Removal.\nAlthough an instance of E80 Part removal activity normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be diminished by a single instance of E80 Part Removal activity.\n\nExamples:\n- The coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22) was diminished by the opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80). (Carter, 2014)\n- The coral of the Cocos Islands (E20) was diminished by the removal of the Porite coral specimen by Charles Darwin (E80). (Natural History Museum, 2010, b)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P112(x,y) ⇒ E80(x)\n- P112(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P112(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)\n"@en . "used specific technique"@en . "έχει εναλλακτική μορφή"@el . . "μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο από"@el . "έλαβε χώρα σε ή εντός"@el . "starts before or with the start of"@en . "Erwerbsart"@de . "P17i обусловил"@ru . "war Zweck von"@de . "hatte den allgemeinen Zweck"@de . "P52i ist derzeitiger Besitzer von"@de . "P11i участвовал в"@ru . . . "формирует часть"@ru . . "Kennzeichenzuweisung"@de . "E42 Идентификатор Объекта"@ru . "a fait exister"@fr . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing concerned in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. \nThe property will typically describe the object that is handed over by an instance of E39 Actor to the custody of another instance of E39 Actor. On occasion, physical custody may be transferred involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10) transferred custody of paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E19).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P30(x,y) ⇒ E10(x)\n- P30(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n"@en . "P75 possède"@fr . "created type"@en . "Inventarnummer"@de . "has alternative form"@en . "P95i a été fondé par"@fr . "is about"@en . "Transformação"@pt . "a assigné"@fr . "E21" . "Objeto Conceitual"@pt . "P140 wies Merkmal zu"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the type of property or relation that this assignment maintains to hold between the item to which it assigns an attribute and the attribute itself. Note that the properties defined by the CIDOC CRM also constitute instances of E55 Type themselves. The direction of the assigned property of type is understood to be from the attributed item (the range of property P140 assigned attribute to) to the attribute item (the range of the property P141 assigned). More than one property type may be assigned to hold between two items.\nA comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned property of type P52 has former or current owner (is former or current keeper of) (E55). (fictitious)\n- 1(st) June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned property of type P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) (E55). (fictitious)\n- The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned property of type binding structure type (E55). [‘binding structure type’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects a book (E22) to the type of its binding structure (E55)] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type damage (E55). [‘damage’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like an endband core (E22) to the type of damage (E55) it shows] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type quality (E55). [‘quality’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like a book cover (E22) to its quality (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P177(x,y) ⇒ E13(x)\n- P177(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n"@en . "P27 移自"@zh . . "P55i 当前拥有"@zh . "P96i 生育"@zh . "a été le point de départ de"@fr . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the current or former place of residence (an instance of E53 Place) of an instance of E39 Actor. \nThe residence may be either the place where the actor resides, or a legally registered address of any kind.\n\nExamples:\n- Queen Elizabeth II (E39) has current or former residence Buckingham Palace (E53). (Robinson, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P74(x,y) ⇒ E39(x)\n- P74(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . "E73 Information Object"@en . . "P55i é localização atual de"@pt . "Akteur"@de . "σχετίζεται με"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E95 Spacetime Primitive with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume it defines.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- {40°30'23\"N 21°14'53\"E, 40°31'40\"N 21°16'43\"E, 200BC-2020AD} (E95) defines spacetime volume Martin’s spatiotemporal enclosure 2020 for the evolution of the settlement of today’s city of Kastoria, Greece, since its conquest by the Romans (E92). [A square covering the current built settlement structure of Kastoria, Greece, through the years 200BC to 2020AD, which includes the extents of earlier phases of the city]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P169(x,y) ⇒ E95(x)\n- P169(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P169(x,y) ⇒ P1i(x,y)\n"@en . . . "P54i é localização permanente de"@pt . . "Aussagenobjekt"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who relinquish legal ownership as the result of an instance of E8 Acquisition.\nThe property will typically be used to describe a person donating or selling an object to a museum. In reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples:\n- The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title from the Heirs of Amoudruz (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P23(x,y) ⇒ E8(x)\n- P23(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P23(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "περιέχεται σε"@el . . "P91 有单位"@zh . "P124i был трансформирован посредством"@ru . "P140i bekam Merkmal zugewiesen durch"@de . "κατέχεται από"@el . . "P100 was death of"@en . "P137i поясняется посредством"@ru . "Datensatzart"@de . "P53i" . "E96" . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates the instance of E68 Dissolution with the instance of E74 Group that it disbanded.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The end of The Hole in the Wall Gang (E68) dissolved The Hole in the Wall Gang (E74). (Patterson, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P99(x,y) ⇒ E68(x)\n- P99(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P99(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n- P99(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . . . . "erläutert"@de . . "E33" . "P186i" . . "ήταν θάνατος του/της"@el . "P93" . "P140 απέδωσε ιδιότητα σε"@el . "wird getragen von"@de . . "Identifier Assignment"@en . "P22i a acquis le titre de propriété par"@fr . "E58 Единица Измерения"@ru . "P145i est dissocié par"@fr . . . . "is listed in"@en . . "Modification Type"@en . . "κατέχει ή κατείχε"@el . "от отца"@ru . "地点"@zh . . "P141i foi atribuído por"@pt . "produced thing of product type"@en . . "est responsable actuel ou antérieur de la collection"@fr . "P90b has upper value limit"@en . "P82a começar do início"@pt . . "E79 Teilhinzufügung"@de . "αφορούσε σε"@el . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object makes a statement about an instance of E1 CRM Entity. P67 refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of E55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the instance of E89 Propositional Object.\n\nExamples:\n- The eBay auction listing of 4(th) July 2002 (E73) refers to silver cup 232 (E22) has type item for sale (E55). (fictitious)\n\nProperties:\n- P67.1 has type: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P67(x,y) ⇒ E89(x)\n- P67(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P67(x,y,z) ⇒ [P67(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "E6 破坏"@zh . "P50 é guardada por"@pt . "χρησιμοποίησε συγκεκριμένη τεχνική"@el . "P7 ocorreu em"@pt . "P8i являлся местом для"@ru . "Recht"@de . "Beauftragung"@de . "有当前位置"@zh . "era destinado à"@pt . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who holds the instances of E30 Right to an instance of E72 Legal Object.\nIt is a superproperty of P52 has current owner (is current owner of) because ownership is a right that is held on the owned object.\nThis property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E72 Legal Object, P104 is subject to, E30 Right, P75i is possessed by to E39 Actor.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Beatles back catalogue (E73) right held by Michael Jackson (E21). (Raga, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P105(x,y) ⇒ E72(x)\n- P105(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P105(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E30(z) ˄ P104(x,z) ˄ P75i(z,y)]\n"@en . "criou tipo"@pt . "P24i 变更所有权"@zh . "est composé de"@fr . "χαρακτήρισε"@el . "P3 имеет примечание"@ru . "Aquisição"@pt . . . "ist früherer oder derzeitiger Standort von"@de . "E67 Geburt"@de . "P188i est l'outil de production de"@fr . . "E42 Identifiant"@fr . . "P51i é ou foi proprietário de"@pt . "Συγκρότηση Ομάδας"@el . "Videodatei"@de . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property allows an instance of E54 Dimension to be approximated by an instance of E60 Number primitive.\n\nExamples:\n- The height of silver cup 232 (E54) has value 226 (E60). (fictitious)\n- Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) has value 24,750,000 (E60).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P90(x,y) ⇒ E54(x)\n- P90(x,y) ⇒ E60(y)\n"@en . "Fin d’existence"@fr . . "P11i participa em"@pt . "P40i wurde beobachtet in"@de . "Presentation Type"@en . "a été relevé par"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the instance of E7 Activity. \nFor example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from headquarters can start a military manoeuvre.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The resignation of the chief executive (E7) was motivated by the collapse of SwissAir (E68).\n- The coronation of Elizabeth II (E7) was motivated by the death of George VI (E69). (Strong, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P17(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P17(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n- P17(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n"@en . "ocorreu em ou dentro"@pt . "P92i a commencé à exister par"@fr . "está sujeito à"@pt . "题名"@zh . "P161i" . "P56 trägt Merkmal"@de . "wurde beobachtet in"@de . "Authority Document"@en . "E35 Titre"@fr . "spatiotemporally overlaps with"@en . . "P142" . "P74 reside ou residiu em"@pt . "belegte"@de . "P179 had sales price"@en . . "P44 έχει κατάσταση"@el . . . "P24 μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο του/της"@el . . "P9 setzt sich zusammen aus"@de . "E27 场地"@zh . "имеет примечание"@ru . "Objekt"@de . "bezeichnet"@de . "Commissioning"@en . "é referenciado por"@pt . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E69 Death to the instance of E21 Person that died.\nAn instance of E69 Death may involve multiple people, for example in the case of a battle or disaster.\nThis is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people.\n\nExamples:\n- Mozart’s death (E69) was death of Mozart (E21). (Sitwell, 2017)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P100(x,y) ⇒ E69(x)\n- P100(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P100(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . . "começar do início"@pt . . "Chose matérielle élaborée par l’humain"@fr . "carried out by"@en . "μέτρησε"@el . "a été le type d’objet employé pour"@fr . . "P35" . "P67 ссылается на"@ru . "E70 事物"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property establishes the relationship between an instance of E36 Visual Item and the instance of E1 CRM Entity that it visually represents.\nAny entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62 depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refined.\nThis property is also used for the relationship between an original and a digitisation of the original by the use of techniques such as digital photography, flatbed or infrared scanning. Digitisation is here seen as a process with a mechanical, causal component rendering the spatial distribution of structural and optical properties of the original and does not necessarily include any visual similarity identifiable by human observation.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The digital file found at https://www.emunch.no/N/full/No-MM_N0001-01.jpg (E36) represents page 1 of Edward Munch's manuscript MM N 1, Munch-museet (E22) mode of representation Digitisation (E55).\n- The 3D model VAM_A.200-1946_trace_1M.ply (E73) represents Victoria & Albert Museum’s Madonna and child sculpture (visual work) A.200-1946 (E22) mode of representation 3D surface (E55).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P138(x,y) ⇒ E36(x)\n- P138(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P138(x,y,z) ⇒ [P138(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P138(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . . "P1i bezeichnet"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity. \nThis differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an instance of E1 CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of an instance of E89 Propositional Object.\n\nExamples:\n- The text entitled ‘Reach for the sky’ (E33) is about Douglas Bader (E21). (Brickhill, 2001)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P129(x,y) ⇒ E89(x)\n- P129(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P129(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "assigned attribute to"@en . . "P52 hat derzeitigen Besitzer"@de . "был предполагаемым использованием для"@ru . "a pour unité de mesure"@fr . . "имеет вышестоящий термин"@ru . . . "P110" . . . "hat den Unterbegriff"@de . "被增强"@zh . "joined with"@en . "P30i wechselte Gewahrsam durch"@de . "andauernd während"@de . "has unit"@en . . . "E12 Produção"@pt . . . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises identifiable features that are physically attached in an integral way to particular physical objects. \nInstances of E26 Physical Feature share many of the attributes of instances of E19 Physical Object. They may have a one-dimensional, two-dimensional, or three-dimensional geometric extent, but there are no natural borders that separate them completely in an objective way from the carrier objects. For example, a doorway is a feature but the door itself, being attached by hinges, is not. \nInstances of E26 Physical Feature can be features in a narrower sense, such as scratches, holes, reliefs, surface colours, reflection zones in an opal crystal or a density change in a piece of wood. In the wider sense, they are portions of particular objects with partially imaginary borders, such as the core of the Earth, an area of property on the surface of the Earth, a landscape or the head of a contiguous marble statue. They can be measured and dated, and it is sometimes possible to state who or what is or was responsible for them. They cannot be separated from the carrier object, but a segment of the carrier object may be identified (or sometimes removed) carrying the complete feature. \nThis definition coincides with the definition of “fiat objects”, with the exception of aggregates of “bona fide objects” (Smith & Varzi, 2000).\n\nExamples:\n- the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (Psimenos. 2005)\n- the temple in Abu Simbel before its removal, which was carved out of solid rock (E25) (Hawass, 2000)\n- Albrecht Duerer's signature on his painting of Charles the Great (E25) (Strauss, 1974)\n- the damage to the nose of the Great Sphinx in Giza (Temple, 2009)\n- Michael Jackson’s nose prior to plastic surgery\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E26(x) ⇒ E18(x)\n"@en . "P91 έχει μονάδα μέτρησης"@el . "有权利"@zh . "P73i" . "has note"@en . "Пометка"@ru . "moved to"@en . "事物"@zh . "P4" . "P93 положил конец существованию"@ru . "P86 содержится в"@ru . . . "Lieu"@fr . "E63 Beginning of Existence"@en . "P40 verificou a dimensão"@pt . "P11 hatte Teilnehmer"@de . "είναι ή ήταν θέση του"@el . . . "P132" . "P27" . . "P144 加入"@zh . "P54 hat derzeitigen permanenten Standort"@de . "P13" . "P102i ist der Titel von"@de . "P103 προοριζόταν για"@el . . "supported type creation"@en . "有数值"@zh . . . "Período"@pt . . "P51 a pour propriétaire actuel ou antérieur"@fr . "P110i 被增强"@zh . "P95 formou"@pt . "P24 transferiu os direitos de propriedade sobre o"@pt . . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance or instances E18 Physical Thing that have ceased to exist due to an instance of E81 Transformation.\nThe item that has ceased to exist and was replaced by the result of the Transformation. The continuity between both items, the new and the old, is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) transformed the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion (E24). (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021)\n- The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) transformed the deceased Pharaoh Tut-Ankh-Amun (E21). (Carter & Mace, 1977)\n- The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) transformed some people of Pompeii (E21). [AND: was death of (P100) some people of Pompeii (E21).]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P124(x,y) ⇒ E81(x)\n- P124(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P124(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . . "P156 occupe"@fr . "was used for"@en . "E63 Début d’existence"@fr . "was influenced by"@en . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property generalises relationships like whole-part, sequence, prerequisite or inspired by between instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Any instance of E29 Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The property is considered to be symmetrical unless otherwise indicated by P69.1 has type. The property is not transitive.\nThis property is a directed relationship. The P69.1 has type property of P69 has association with allows the nature of the association to be specified reading from domain to range; examples of types of association between instances of E29 Design or Procedure include: has part, follows, requires, etc.\nInstances of this property are considered to be symmetric, in case no directed sense is provided for them by the property P69.1 has type.\nThe property can typically be used to model the decomposition of the description of a complete workflow into a series of separate procedures.\n\nExamples:\n- The procedure for glass blowing (E29) has association with the procedure for glass heating (E29). (Brooks, 1973)\n- The set of instructions for performing Macbeth in Max Reinhardt's production in 1916 in Berlin at Deutsches Theater (E29) has association with the scene design drawing by Ernst Stern reproduced at http://www.glopad.org/pi/fr/record/digdoc/1003814 (E29) has type has part (E55).\n- The preparation of parchment (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type has part (E55).\n- Stretching of skin (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type follows (E55). (Poole and Reed, 1962)\n- The plan for reassembling the temples at Abu Simbel (E29) has association with the plan for storing and transporting the blocks (E29) has type follows (E55). (Loubiere, 1995)\n\nProperties:\n- P69.1 has type: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(x)\n- P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)\n- P69(x,y,z) ⇒ [P69(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "é tradução de"@pt . . "Départ"@fr . . "Instances of this class describe the types of roles played by instances of the E39 Actor class in the context of instances of the “Actor Assignment” class. They serve to further contextualize the actor in complex events, \n\ne.g. the physical production of the Behaim Globe and the assignment of Hans Glockengießer with the role “Manufacturer of the Clay Sphere.”"@en . "类型创建"@zh . "P40i παρατηρήθηκε από"@el . . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E63 Beginning of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item brought into existence by it.\nIt allows a “start” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented, i.e., as instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation and E55 Type.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The birth of Mozart (E67) brought into existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P92(x,y) ⇒ E63(x)\n- P92(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) \n- P92(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "estado material de"@pt . "died in"@en . "Objekt des Typus ... wurde benutzt in"@de . "P12 fand statt im Beisein von"@de . . "P67i имеет ссылку на себя от"@ru . "a eu pour actant participant"@fr . . "has number of parts"@en . "hat alternative Form"@de . "Diese Klasse umfasst die Identifikationsbezeichnung URL (Uniform Resource Locator), um eine Ressource im Computernetzwerk zu identifizieren und zu lokalisieren."@de . "P22 μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο σε"@el . . "was continued by"@en . . "имеет ссылку на себя от"@ru . "occupe"@fr . "P128 φέρει"@el . . "foi empregado em"@pt . "P108 produziu"@pt . . "is title of"@en . "Тип"@ru . "hat derzeitigen Betreuer"@de . "P160 a pour projection temporelle"@fr . "Comment"@en . "This class is used to document assertions made about instances of the class Object about the assignment to a collection systematics in instances of the class Source Content.\n\nExample: Event of the assignment of the collection systematics \"Naturalia\" for Object specimen of a large crocodile without front feet in source Anonymus B."@en . "a été fondé sur"@fr . "Diese Klasse umfasst die Arten von Berufen oder Geschäftsbetrieben von Instanzen der Klasse E21 Person, z.B. \"Archäolog*in\", Goldschmied*in\", \"Künstler*in\", ..."@de-at . "P136 βασίστηκε σε"@el . . "P22 转移所有权至"@zh . "P126i использовался в"@ru . . "P45 besteht aus"@de . "P21 a eu pour finalité générale"@fr . "a été ajouté par"@fr . "E90 Symbolisches Objekt"@de . . "E33 Sprachlicher Gegenstand"@de . "P101i war die Verwendung von"@de . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E64 End of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item taken out of existence by it.\nIn the case of immaterial things, the instance of E64 End of Existence is considered to take place with the destruction of the last physical carrier.\nThis allows an “end” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented i.e. instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation, and E55 Type. For many instances of E77 Persistent Item we know the maximum life-span and can infer that they must have ended to exist. We assume in that case an instance of E64 End of Existence, which may be as unnoticeable as forgetting the secret knowledge by the last representative of some indigenous nation.\n\nExamples:\n- The death of Mozart (E69) took out of existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P93(x,y) ⇒ E64(x)\n- P93(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) \n- P93(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . . "P34i 被评估"@zh . "está localizada sobre ou dentro de"@pt . . "trägt"@de . "имеет условие"@ru . . "a pour projection spatiale"@fr . "a été témoin de"@fr . "P56i is found on"@en . "τροποποίησε"@el . "was assigned by"@en . . "P130i a les caractéristiques aussi présentes sur"@fr . "P150 définit les éléments typiques de"@fr . "P27i" . "E79 Добавление Части"@ru . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property establishes the relationship between an instance of E96 Purchase and the instance of E97 Monetary Amount that forms the compensation for the transaction. The monetary amount agreed upon may change in the course of the purchase activity.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The sale of Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” 30(th) March 1987 (E96) had sales price Christie’s hammer price for “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” (E97).\n- The purchase of 10 okka of nails by the captain A. Syrmas on 18(th) September 1895 (E96) had sales price 20 piastre (grosi) (E97). (Syrmas, 1896)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P179(x,y) ⇒ E96(x)\n- P179(x,y) ⇒ E97(y)\n"@en . "stützte sich auf"@de . "foi continuada por"@pt . . "P98i wurde geboren durch"@de . "P67i" . "hat derzeitigen oder früheren Sitz"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises discrete, identifiable human-made items that are documented as single units. \nThese items are either intellectual products or human-made physical things, and are characterized by relative stability. They may, for instance, have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be logical concepts or structures.\n\nExamples:\n- Beethoven’s 5(th) Symphony (E73) (Lockwood, 2015)\n- Michelangelo’s David (E22) (Paoletti and Bagemihl, 2015)\n- Einstein’s Theory of General Relativity (E89) (Hartle, 2003)\n- the taxon ‘Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus,1758’ (E55) (Sinkevicius and Narusevicius, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E71(x) ⇒ E70(x)\n"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being decreased by the removal of a part.\nTypical scenarios include the detachment of an accessory, the removal of a component or part of a composite object, or the deaccessioning of an object from a curated collection, an instance of E78 Curated Holding. If the instance of E80 Part Removal results in the total decomposition of the original object into pieces, such that the whole ceases to exist, the activity should instead be modelled as an instance of E81 Transformation, i.e. a simultaneous destruction and production. In cases where the part removed has no discernible identity prior to its removal but does have an identity subsequent to its removal, the activity should be modelled as both an instance of E80 Part Removal and E12 Production. This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history, and continuity of identity over time, of objects that are removed from other objects, such as precious gemstones being extracted from different items of jewellery, or cultural artifacts being deaccessioned from different museum collections over their lifespan.\n\nExamples:\n- the removal of the Porite coral specimen from the Cocos Islands by Charles Darwin in April 1836 (Natural History Museum, 2021, b)\n- the removal of the engine from my car (fictitious)\n- the disposal of object number 1976:234 from the collection (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E80(x) ⇒ E11(x)\n"@en . "E26 Característica Material"@pt . "foi retirada a atribuição por"@pt . "hat Bereich"@de . "Transformation"@en . "P62 illustre"@fr . "P133 est distinct spatio-temporellement de"@fr . "foi criado por"@pt . "a donné vie à"@fr . "P23i право собственности отдано через"@ru . "E12 生产"@zh . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property establishes the relationship between an instance of E36 Visual Item and the instance of E1 CRM Entity that it visually represents.\nAny entity may be represented visually. This property is part of the fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item (is shown by), E36 Visual Item, P138 represents (has representation) to E1 CRM Entity, which is shortcut by P62 depicts (is depicted by). P138.1 mode of representation allows the nature of the representation to be refined.\nThis property is also used for the relationship between an original and a digitisation of the original by the use of techniques such as digital photography, flatbed or infrared scanning. Digitisation is here seen as a process with a mechanical, causal component rendering the spatial distribution of structural and optical properties of the original and does not necessarily include any visual similarity identifiable by human observation.\n\nExamples:\n- The digital file found at https://www.emunch.no/N/full/No-MM_N0001-01.jpg (E36) represents page 1 of Edward Munch's manuscript MM N 1, Munch-museet (E22) mode of representation Digitisation (E55).\n- The 3D model VAM_A.200-1946_trace_1M.ply (E73) represents Victoria & Albert Museum’s Madonna and child sculpture (visual work) A.200-1946 (E22) mode of representation 3D surface (E55).\n\nProperties:\n- P138.1 mode of representation: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P138(x,y) ⇒ E36(x)\n- P138(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P138(x,y,z) ⇒ [P138(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P138(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . . "P171 at some place within"@en . "is parent of"@en . "获得监护权"@zh . "P62i wird abgebildet durch"@de . . "P80 hat Begründung des Endes"@de . . "a été produit par"@fr . "performed"@en . "создал"@ru . "P71 énumère"@fr . "permet de contacter"@fr . "E74 Group"@en . "P190" . "P32 χρησιμοποίησε γενική τεχνική"@el . "verweist auf"@de . "est la dimension de"@fr . "E37 Пометка"@ru . "Instanzen der Klasse Ikonografiezuweisung umfassen Aktivitäten, bei der Instanzen der Klasse Objekt im Rahmen einer wissenschaftlichen Auseinandersetzung ein oder mehrere ikonografische Motive zugewiesen werden. Die ikonografische Beschreibung bzw. die Zuweisung ikonografischer Motive ist eine Methode der Kunstgeschichte. Die Zuweisung ikonografischer Motive erfolgt in der Regel im Kontext von Forschungsprojekten oder bei der Objektdokumentation.\nAls Normdatei zur standardisierten Referenzierung der jeweiligen ikonografischen Motive wird in der Regel Iconclass oder Getty Iconography Authority verwendet.\n\nBeispiel:\nDie Zuweisung des Motivs des Heiligen Georg im Kontext der Objektdokumentation zu der Statue \"Der Große Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm als heiliger Georg\", die sich heute unter der Inventarnummer 856 in der Skulpturensammlung und Museum für Byzantinische Kunst der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin befindet."@de . "P136 foi baseado em"@pt . "P82b" . "被促动"@zh . "foi a morte para"@pt . "P1 est identifié par"@fr . "P38 取消了"@zh . "P53 é ou foi localizada em"@pt . "P172 contient"@fr . "era o propósito de"@pt . "a pour terme spécifique"@fr . "P113i был удален посредством"@ru . "E97 Valeur monétaire"@fr . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property shows the type of unit an instance of E54 Dimension was expressed in.\n\nExamples:\n- The height of silver cup 232 (E54) has unit mm (E58). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P91(x,y) ⇒ E54(x)\n- P91(x,y) ⇒ E58(y)\n"@en . "παρέλαβε κατοχή μέσω"@el . "P2i ist Typus von"@de . "est actuellement la location fixe de"@fr . "Transkription"@de . "имеет число частей"@ru . "P110 augmented"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E35 Title that has been applied to an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing. \nThe P102.1 has type property of the P102 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the title and the thing to be further clarified, for example, if the title was a given title, a supplied title etc.\nIt allows any human-made material or immaterial thing to be given a title. It is possible to imagine a title being created without a specific object in mind.\n\nExamples:\n- The first book of the Old Testament (E33) has title “Genesis” (E35) has type translated title (E55) (E55). (Brueggemann, 1982)\n- Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d’Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “La Pie” (E35) has type creator’s title (E55). (Musée d’Orsay, 2020)\n- Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d'Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “The Magpie” (E35) has type translated title (E55). (Musée d'Orsay, 2020)\n\nProperties:\n- P102.1 has type: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P102(x,y) ⇒ E71(x)\n- P102(x,y) ⇒ E35(y) \n- P102(x,y,z) ⇒ [P102(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P102(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)\n"@en . "Δημιουργία Τύπου"@el . . "E26 Υλικό Μόρφωμα"@el . "είναι κατάσταση του"@el . "Diese Klasse umfasst digitale Videodateien, z.B. \n- ein Video das zeigt, wie eine Geige gespielt wird, \"violin.mp4\". \n- ein Video auf YouTube, das jemanden zeigt, der ein Klavier aus der Sammlung Rück spielt"@de . "P76 έχει σημείο επικοινωνίας"@el . "P111i был добавлен посредством"@ru . "P135i foi criado por"@pt . "incorporates"@en . . "P86 s’insère dans"@fr . . "E28 Begrifflicher Gegenstand"@de . "löste auf"@de . "P1i identifica"@pt . . . . "P20i war Zweck von"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the technique or method, modelled as an instance of E55 Type, that was employed in an instance of E7 Activity. \nThese techniques should be drawn from an external E55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques or methods such as embroidery, oil-painting, carbon dating, etc. Specific documented techniques should be described as instances of E29 Design or Procedure.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The ornamentation of silver cup 113 (E11) used general technique gold-plating (E55). [A Design or Procedure type] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P32(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P32(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P32(x,y) ⇒ P125(x,y)\n"@en . "E93 Presence"@en . . . "适用于"@zh . "P126i χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε"@el . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an instance of E57 Material foreseen to be used by an instance of E29 Design or Procedure. \nE29 Designs and procedures commonly foresee the use of particular instances of E57 Material. The fabrication of adobe bricks, for example, requires straw, clay and water. This property enables this to be documented.\nThis property is not intended for the documentation of instances of E57 Materials that were used on a particular occasion when an instance of E29 Design or Procedure was executed.\n\nExamples:\n- The procedure for soda glass manufacture (E29) foresees use of soda (E57). (Brooks, 1973)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P68(x,y) ⇒ E29(x)\n- P68(x,y) ⇒ E57(y) \n- P68(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "P141 atribuiu"@pt . "P111" . "επαυξήθηκε από"@el . "erwarb Besitztitel durch"@de . . "P151i a participé à"@fr . . "Diese Klasse umfasst die Arten von Lizenzen, die für die (Wieder-)Verwendung von Instanzen von Bild (nfdi4objects:Image) oder für die Metadaten von Datensätzen (nfdi4objects:Dataset) von Instanzen von Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) durch Dritte angegeben sind, \nz.B. Creative Commons Lizenzen wie CC-BY-SA 3.0."@de . . "P81 abrange no mínimo"@pt . "P134i foi continuada por"@pt . "regte an"@de . "Geographischer Ort"@de . . "P187" . . "This class comprises character strings or encodings that are assigned to instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) in order to identify them uniquely and permanently within the collection context. Inventory numbers are assigned in the context of instances of the class Identifier Assignment (crm:E15_Identifier_Assignment). Identifier assignments in turn take place within object documentations (nfdi4objects:Object_Documenttion), which represent an essential event within the museum/collection affiliation (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation).\n\nExamples:\n- GNM WI1826\n- GNG 02560"@en . "P27i ήταν αφετηρία του/της"@el . . . . "E66 Formation"@fr . "составлен из"@ru . "foi criado por"@pt . . "P31 изменил"@ru . "P123 resulted in"@en . "foi dissolvido por"@pt . "Formação"@pt . "P107i est le membre actuel ou antérieur de"@fr . "可视项"@zh . "a eu pour raison d'être"@fr . "转变了"@zh . "P185i ends after the end of"@en . . "P65i εμφανίζεται σε"@el . "βρίσκεται σε ή εντός"@el . "P59i is located on or within"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises activities that result in an instance of E18 Physical Thing being increased, enlarged, or augmented by the addition of a part. \nTypical scenarios include the attachment of an accessory, the integration of a component, the addition of an element to an aggregate object, or the accessioning of an object into a curated instance of E78 Curated Holding. Both the E18 Physical Thing being augmented and the E18 Physical Thing that is being added are treated as separate identifiable wholes prior to the instance of E79 Part Addition. Following the addition of parts, the resulting assemblages are treated objectively as single identifiable wholes, made up of constituent or component parts bound together either physically (for example the engine becoming a part of the car), or by sharing a common purpose (such as the 32 chess pieces that make up a chess set). This class of activities forms a basis for reasoning about the history and continuity of identity of objects that are integrated into other objects over time, such as precious gemstones being repeatedly incorporated into different items of jewellery, or cultural artefacts being added to different museum instances of E78 Curated Holding over their lifespan.\n\nExamples:\n- the setting of the Koh-I-Noor diamond into the crown of Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother (Dalrymple, 2017)\n- the addition of the painting “Room in Brooklyn” by Edward Hopper to the collection of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston\n- the attachment of the bronze hand on the tree forming the Alpi Marittime [ https://giuseppepenone.com/en/words/maritime-alps] (Mangini, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E79(x) ⇒ E11(x)\n"@en . "P146 entließ von"@de . . "P108 已产生了"@zh . . "Destruction"@en . "P112 a diminué"@fr . . . "left by"@en . "P5i формирует часть"@ru . "P5i forms part of"@en . "είναι μέγεθος του"@el . "P128i is carried by"@en . "fait partie de"@fr . "P124" . "E55 Тип"@ru . "P2 a pour type"@fr . "P28i wurde Gewahrsam übergeben durch"@de . "Condition State"@en . "Diese Klasse dient dazu, über Instanzen der Klasse Object getätigte Aussagen über ihre Lokalisierung zu dokumentieren, etwa ihre Lokalisierung im Sammlungsraum, der Ort ihrer Entstehung, der Ort ihres Auffindens oder der Ort ihres Erwerbs."@de . "E34 Надпись"@ru . "P68i vorgesehen für Gebrauch durch defined"@de . "P112i wurde vermindert durch"@de . "P72i" . . "P140i 接受属性"@zh . "P97i was father for"@en . . "This class comprises texts or keywords in one or more natural languages. An instance of this class is used for a closer understanding of a subject and provides in-depth or explanatory information."@en . "was used in"@en . "P128 est le support de"@fr . . "P44i est l'état matériel de"@fr . "P144i a accueilli le membre par"@fr . "P13i a été détruit par"@fr . "has symbolic content"@en . "P94i был создан посредством"@ru . "E31 Documento"@pt . "E6 Разрушение"@ru . "retrata"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises symbols, signs, signatures, or short texts applied to instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing by arbitrary techniques, often in order to indicate such things as creator, owner, dedications, purpose, or to communicate information generally. Instances of E37 Mark do not represent the actual image of a mark, but the abstract ideal (or archetype) as used for codification in reference documents forming cultural documentation. \nThis class specifically excludes features that have no semantic significance, such as scratches or tool marks. These should be documented as instances of E25 Human-Made Feature.\n\nExamples:\n- Minoan double axe mark (Lowe Fri, 2011)\n- ©\n- ☺\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E37(x) ⇒ E36(x)\n"@en . "hat früheren oder derzeitigen Besitzer"@de . . "P30 a transféré la garde de"@fr . "P102 trägt den Titel"@de . . . "E24" . . "P38i foi retirada a atribuição por"@pt . "присвоил атрибут для"@ru . "bildet Teil von"@de . "имеет текущее или бывшее местожительства"@ru . . "a pour composant"@fr . "P1 идентифицируется посредством"@ru . . . "was brought into existence by"@en . "E18" . "P42i αποδόθηκε από"@el . "bietet Zugang zu"@de . "P135i" . "идентифицирован посредством"@ru . "P54i est actuellement la location fixe de"@fr . "был рожден"@ru . . "является текущим или бывшим местом жительства для"@ru . . . . "a été déplacé par"@fr . "P86i" . "wurde seiner Existenz beraubt durch"@de . "死于"@zh . "has current location"@en . "E26 Physical Feature"@en . . . "bildet Teil von"@de . "E2 Geschehendes"@de . "分配"@zh . "ist Übersetzung von"@de . "Οπτικό Στοιχείο"@el . "находится в пределах"@ru . "P7i" . "P67i é referenciado por"@pt . "was within"@en . "E70 Chose"@fr . "E6 Destruição"@pt . . "P41i foi classificada por"@pt . "was type of object used in"@en . "P93i" . "P123 resultou em"@pt . . "P32" . . "Nutzungsart"@de . "P2i is type of"@en . "P111 added"@en . "E72 Objet juridique"@fr . "E16 Messung"@de . "E65 Criação"@pt . "P65 shows visual item"@en . "wurde entlassen durch"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an instance E90 Symbolic Object carried by an instance of E18 Physical Thing. Since an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is defined as an immaterial idealization over potentially multiple carriers, any individual realization on a particular physical carrier may be defective, due to deterioration or shortcomings in the process of creating the realization compared to the intended ideal. As long as such defects do not substantially affect the complete recognition of the respective symbolic object, it is still regarded as carrying an instance of this E90 Symbolic Object. If these defects are of scholarly interest, the particular realization can be modelled as an instance of E25 Human-Made Feature. Note, that any instance of E90 Symbolic Object incorporated (P165) in the carried symbolic object is also carried by the same instance of E18 Physical Thing.\n\nExamples:\n- Matthew’s paperback copy of Reach for the Sky (E18) carries the text of Reach for the Sky (E73). [see also: (Brickhill, 2001)] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P128(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P128(x,y) ⇒ E90(y) \n- P128(x,y) ⇒ P130(x,y)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E30 Right over which the actor holds or has held a legal claim.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Michael Jackson (E21) possesses intellectual property rights on the Beatles’ back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P75(x,y) ⇒ E39(x)\n- P75(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)\n"@en . "Type of Move"@en . "P175i commence après ou au moment du début de"@fr . "E2 Έγχρονη Οντότητα"@el . "P137i erläutert durch Beispiel"@de . "E30 Право"@ru . . "P14i performed"@en . "P54i ist derzeitiger permanenter Standort von"@de . "P188 requires production tool"@en . . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E69 Death to the instance of E21 Person that died.\nAn instance of E69 Death may involve multiple people, for example in the case of a battle or disaster.\nThis is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Mozart’s death (E69) was death of Mozart (E21). (Sitwell, 2017)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P100(x,y) ⇒ E69(x)\n- P100(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P100(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . "P43i 是度量规格"@zh . "P175 commence avant ou au moment du début de"@fr . "Grupo"@pt . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the maximum spatial extent within which an instance of E53 Place falls. Since instances of E53 Places may not have precisely known spatial extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about maximum spatial extents of instances of E53 Place. This property allows an instance of E53 Place’s maximum spatial extent (i.e., its outer boundary) to be assigned an instance of E94 Space Primitive value. \nThis property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E53 Place, P89 falls within, E53 Place, P168 place is defined by to E94 Space Primitive through a declarative Place that is not explicitly documented, to a Space Primitive: declarative places are defined in CRMgeo (Doerr and Hiebel 2013).\n\nExamples:\n- The spatial extent of the Acropolis of Athens (E53) at some place within POLYGON ((37.969172 23.720787, 37.973122 23.721495 37.972741 23.728994, 37.969299 23.729735, 37.969172 23.720787)) (E94).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P171(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P171(x,y) ⇒ E94(y)\n- P171(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P89(x,z) ˄ P168(z,y)]\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property relates an instance of E7 Activity with instances of E71 Human-Made Thing, created specifically for use in the activity. \nThis is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Lady Diana Spencer’s wedding dress (E71) was made for Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (E7) mode of use To Be Worn (E55). (Daly, 1981)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P19(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P19(x,y) ⇒ E71(y)\n- P19(x,y,z) ⇒ [P19(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "interessada"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises actions measuring physical properties and other values that can be determined by a systematic, objective procedure of direct observation of particular states of physical reality. \nAn instance of E16 Measurement may use simple counting or tools, such as yardsticks or radiation detection devices. The interest is in the method and care applied, so that the reliability of the result may be judged at a later stage, or research continued on the associated documents. The date of the event is important for dimensions, which may change value over time, such as the length of an object subject to shrinkage. Methods and devices employed should be associated with instances of E16 Measurement by properties such as P33 used specific technique: E29 Design or Procedure, P125 used object of type: E55 Type, P16 used specific object (was used for): E70 Thing, whereas basic techniques such as \"carbon-14 dating\" should be encoded using P2 has type (is type of): E55 Type. Details of methods and devices reused or reusable in other instances of E16 Measurement should be documented for these entities rather than the measurements themselves, whereas details of particular execution may be documented by free text or by instantiating adequate sub-activities, if the detail may be of interest for an overarching query.\nRegardless whether a measurement is made by an instrument or by human senses, it represents the initial transition from physical reality to information without any other documented information object in between within the reasoning chain that would represent the result of the interaction of the observer or device with reality. Therefore, determining properties of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object is regarded as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment, which may be inferred from observing and measuring representative carriers. In the case that the carrier can be named, the property P16 used specific object (was used for) should be used to indicate the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing that was used as the empirical basis for the attribute assignment. For instance, inferring properties of depicted items using image material, such as satellite images, is not regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement, but as a subsequent instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. Rather, only the production of the images, understood as arrays of radiation intensities, is regarded as an instance of E16 Measurement. The same reasoning holds for other sensor data.\n\nExamples:\n- measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (fictitious)\n- the carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E16(x) ⇒ E13(x)\n"@en . "This class comprises digital audio files, e.g. \n- the Sound of a Violin \"violin.mp3\" \n- a digital Audioguide-Track on a certain Collection Object"@en . "P21i был целью для"@ru . "durch Mutter"@de . . . "δημιουργήθηκε από"@el . "был типом объекта использованного в"@ru . "foi avaliada por"@pt . "P14 выполнялся"@ru . . . "is incorporated in"@en . "P100 死亡的是"@zh . "resulted from"@en . "war beabsichtigteter Gebrauch von"@de . "P166 was a presence of"@en . "P68i usage prévu de"@fr . "P189i est approximé par"@fr . . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E55 Type “A” with an instance of E55 Type “B”, when items of type “A” typically form part of items of type “B”, such as “car motors” and “cars”. \nIt allows types to be organised into hierarchies based on one type describing a typical part of another. This property is equivalent to “broader term partitive (BTP)” as defined in ISO 2788 and “broaderPartitive” in SKOS.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- car motors (E55) defines typical parts of cars (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(x)\n- P150(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- P150(x,y) ⇒ ¬P150(y,x)\n"@en . "começar do fim"@pt . "E71 Human-Made Thing"@en . "was assigned by"@en . "P151" . "P104i se aplicam à"@pt . "P184 ends before or with the end of"@en . "P10 está contido em"@pt . "P49" . . "P148 a pour composant"@fr . "содержит"@ru . "P130 демонстрирует признаки"@ru . "επικαλύπτεται με"@el . "a pour identifiant préférentiel"@fr . . "является предпочтительным идентификатором для"@ru . "se situe sur ou dans"@fr . "Língua"@pt . "E77" . "P21i era o propósito de"@pt . "E36 Visual Item"@en . "P86i enthält"@de . . "E57 Материал"@ru . "is production plan for"@en . . "P5 αποτελείται από"@el . "P48i είναι προτιμώμενο αναγνωριστικό"@el . . "P113 去除了"@zh . . "είχε πατέρα"@el . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an instance of E7 Activity. \nThis property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer.\nAnother example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use.\n\nExamples:\n- The writing of the scope note of the CIDOC CRM property “P16 used specific object” contained in the CIDOC CRM version 4.1 (E7) used specific object Nicholas Crofts’ computer (E22) mode of use Typing Tool; Storage Medium (E55). [the original scope note was later extended in the CIDOC CRM version 4.3] \n- The people of Iraq calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ (E7) used specific object “Quyunjig” (E41) mode of use current; vernacular (E55).\n\nProperties:\n- P16.1 mode of use: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ E70(y)\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n- P16(x,y,z) ⇒ [P16(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "является бывшим или текущим смотрителем для"@ru . "P17 foi motivado por"@pt . . "P164i temporally specifies"@en . "是译文"@zh . "E56" . "era a destinação de"@pt . "a eu pour durée"@fr . . "E73 Πληροφοριακό Αντικείμενο"@el . "P92 γέννησε"@el . "P130" . . "est l'actant propriétaire actuel de"@fr . "有类型"@zh . "bezeugte"@de . "является единицей для"@ru . "était la durée de"@fr . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis symmetric property associates two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume that have no extents in common. If only the fuzzy boundaries of the instances of E92 Spacetime Volume overlap, this property cannot be determined from observation alone and therefore should not be applied. However, there may be other forms of justification that the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume must not have any of their extents in common regardless of where and when precisely. \nIf this property holds for two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume then it cannot be the case that P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with also holds for the same two instances. Furthermore, there are cases where neither P132 spatiotemporally overlaps with nor P133 is spatiotemporally separated from holds between two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume. This would occur where only an overlap of the fuzzy boundaries of the two instances of E92 Spacetime Volume occurs and no other evidence is available.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is symmetric. This property is irreflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- The “Hallstatt” period (E4) is spatiotemporally separated from the “La Tène” era (E4). (Marion, 2004)\n- Kingdom of Greece (1831-1924) (E92) is spatiotemporally separated from Ottoman Empire (1299-1922) (E92).\n- The path of the army of Alexander the Great (335-323 B.C.) (E7) is spatiotemporally separated from the Mauryan Empire (E4). (Lane Fox, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P133(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P133(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P133(x,y) ⇒ P133(y,x)\n- P133(x,y) ⇒ ¬P133 (x,y)\n- ¬P133(x,x)\n"@en . "P41 a classifié"@fr . "поясняет"@ru . "fin du début"@fr . "Идентификатор Объекта"@ru . "P105i has right on"@en . . "Caractéristique élaborée par l'humain"@fr . "P165i is incorporated in"@en . . "P99 解散了"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to one, necessary (1,1:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that constitutes the complete trajectory of its geometric extent through spacetime for the whole time of the existence of the instance of E18 Physical Thing.\nAn instance of E18 Physical Thing not only occupies a particular geometric space at each instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime, i.e. the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume this property associates it with. This real spatiotemporal extent of the instance of E18 Physical Thing is regarded as being unique, in all its details and fuzziness; the identity and existence of the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume depend uniquely on the identity of the instance of E18 Physical Thing, whose existence defines it. It constitutes a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013).\nIncluded in this spacetime volume are both the spaces filled by the matter of the physical thing and any inner space that may exist, for instance the interior of a box. Physical things consisting of aggregations of physically unconnected objects, such as a set of chessmen, occupy a finite number of individually contiguous subsets of this spacetime volume equal to the number of objects that constitute the set and that are never connected during its existence.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- H.M.S. Temeraire (E22) defines the spacetime volume of H.M.S. Temeraire (E92). [it was built, during 1798, in Chatham and destroyed, during 1838, in Rotherhithe] (Willis, 2010)\n- The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) defines the spacetime volume of the Saint Titus reliquary (E92). [the reliquary has been produced by the workshop of the Vogiatzis brothers located at Monastiraki, Athens, in 1966 as container for the skull of Saint Titus, which was placed into it at that time and has since then continued to fall within the container’s spacetime volume. The reliquary with the skull has been kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010; Panotis, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P196(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P196(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n"@en . . "被移动"@zh . "απέδωσε ως ιδιότητα"@el . "This class includes terms that describe types of locations, e.g.\n\n- a room\n- a location within a room\n- a location within a collection furniture"@en . "παρέδωσε τον τίτλο μέσω"@el . "P44 a pour état matériel"@fr . "E73 信息对象"@zh . "Local"@pt . "procure l’espace de référence pour"@fr . "συνεχίστηκε από"@el . "поясняется посредством"@ru . "属于"@zh . "P26 перемещен в"@ru . "Απόδοση Αναγνωριστικού"@el . "This class includes sources such as written and pictorial material that document instances of the Object class and the associated contexts and events."@en . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises distinct, delimited and coherent processes and interactions of a material nature, in cultural, social or physical systems, involving and affecting instances of E77 Persistent Item in a way characteristic of the kind of process. Typical examples are meetings, births, deaths, actions of decision taking, making or inventing things, but also more complex and extended ones such as conferences, elections, building of a castle, or battles.\nWhile the continuous growth of a tree lacks the limits characteristic of an event, its germination from a seed does qualify as an event. Similarly, the blowing of the wind lacks the distinctness and limits of an event, but a hurricane, flood or earthquake would qualify as an event. Mental processes are considered as events, in cases where they are connected with the material externalization of their results; for example, the creation of a poem, a performance or a change of intention that becomes obvious from subsequent actions or declarations.\nThe effects of an instance of E5 Event may not lead to relevant permanent changes of properties or relations of the items involved in it, for example an unrecorded performance. Of course, in order to be documented, some kind of evidence for an event must exist, be it witnesses, traces or products of the event.\nWhile instances of E4 Period always require some form of coherence between its constituent phenomena, in addition, the essential constituents of instances of E5 Event should contribute to an overall effect; for example, the statements made during a meeting and the listening of the audience.\nViewed at a coarse level of detail, an instance of E5 Event may appear as if it had an ‘instantaneous’ overall effect, but any process or interaction of material nature in reality have an extent in time and space. At a fine level, instances of E5 Event may be analysed into component phenomena and phases within a space and timeframe, and as such can be seen as a period, regardless of the size of the phenomena. The reverse is not necessarily the case: not all instances of E4 Period give rise to a noteworthy overall effect and are thus not instances of E5 Event.\n\nExamples:\n- the birth of Cleopatra (E67) (Pomeroy, 1984)\n- the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD (E6) (Camardo, 2013)\n- World War II (E7) (Barber, 1994)\n- the Battle of Stalingrad (E7) (Hoyt, 1993)\n- the Yalta Conference (E7) (Harbutt, 2010)\n- my birthday celebration 28-6-1995 (E7)\n- the falling of a tile from my roof last Sunday (fictitious)\n- the CIDOC conference 2003 (E7)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E5(x) ⇒ E4(x)\n"@en . "überlappt mit"@de . "ist der Titel von"@de . "P121 επικαλύπτεται με"@el . . . "下位词"@zh . "被分类"@zh . "Atividade"@pt . . "was born"@en . . "P150i" . . . "是为了"@zh . "P15i" . "Απόδοση Ιδιοτήτων"@el . "P33i foi usada por"@pt . "Évènement"@fr . . "Actant"@fr . "παρήχθη από"@el . "P2i 是类型"@zh . "P127i έχει στενότερο όρο"@el . "P128 é o suporte de"@pt . "Phase"@de . "P129 a pour sujet"@fr . "E35 题名"@zh . "Inschrift"@de . "E22 Human-Made Object"@en . "E4 Phase"@de . "E33_E41 Linguistic Appellation"@en . . "E28 Концептуальный Объект"@ru . . "P102 has title"@en . "Lokation/Standort"@de . "E53 Place"@en . . "E5 Évènement"@fr . "P124 transformou"@pt . "P134 συνέχισε"@el . . "перемещен посредством"@ru . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property documents an instance of E36 Visual Item shown by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\nThis property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the instance of E36 Visual Item is deemed to represent. An instance of E36 Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent.\nFor example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait.\nP65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol’ that have no particular representational content. \nThis property is part of the fully developed path E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by).\n\nExamples:\n- My T-Shirt (E22) shows visual item Mona Lisa (E36). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P65(x,y) ⇒ E24(x)\n- P65(x,y) ⇒ E36(y) \n- P65(x,y) ⇒ P128(x,y)\n"@en . "P56" . "E11 Событие Изменения"@ru . "βρίσκεται σε"@el . "Рождение"@ru . "P41i wurde klassifiziert durch"@de . "This class includes quantifiable properties of an object, e.g.\n\n- the length\n- the material value\n- the diameter\n- the weight"@en . . . "a couvert des parties de"@fr . "P148i est le composant de"@fr . "P122" . "P110 aumentou"@pt . "P148" . "Teilentfernung"@de . "είναι ή ήταν μέλος του/της"@el . . "είναι χρονικό διάστημα του/της"@el . "P17" . "a pour nombre d’éléments"@fr . "P30 передало опеку на"@ru . "поддержал создание типа"@ru . "αφαιρέθηκε από"@el . "είναι μόνιμη θέση του/της"@el . "P71 列出"@zh . "P11i συμμετείχε σε"@el . . "Encounter Event"@en . . "est limitrophe de"@fr . . . . "wurde in Existenz gebracht durch"@de . "P65i wird gezeigt durch"@de . "a actuellement pour localisation fixe"@fr . "fronteira com"@pt . "Ausstellung"@de . "sobrepõe com"@pt . "P139i" . "P59 έχει τομέα"@el . "P186" . . "wurde beurteilt durch"@de . "E87 Kuratorische Tätigkeit"@de . "P111i" . "P141i" . "P53 a pour localisation actuelle ou antérieure"@fr . . "had specific purpose"@en . . "Υλικό Πράγμα"@el . "P104 está sujeito à"@pt . "Beschreibung"@de . "P89i contains"@en . "E93 Présence"@fr . "E42 Kennung"@de . "début de la fin"@fr . "Смерть"@ru . "P45 consists of"@en . . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die verschiedenen Arten der Klasse E9 Objektbewegung, z.B.\n- per Zug\n- per Postkutsche\n- per Flugzeug"@de . . "foi atribuído por"@pt . "P156i is occupied by"@en . "was taken out of existence by"@en . "P126 a employé"@fr . "P95 σχημάτισε"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E61 Time Primitive with the instance of E52 Time-Span that constitutes the interpretation of the terms of the time primitive as an extent in absolute, real time. \nThe quantification allows several instances of E61 Time Primitive that are each expressed in different syntactic forms, to define the same instance of E52 Time-Span.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- “1800/1/1 0:00:00 – 1899/31/12 23:59:59” (E61) defines time the 19(th) century (E52).\n- “1968/1/1 – 2018/1/1” (E61) defines time 1968/1/1 – 2018/1/1 (E52). [an arbitrary time-span during which the Saint Titus reliquary was present in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P170(x,y) ⇒ E61(x)\n- P170(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n- P170(x, y) ⇒ P81i(x, y) ∧ P82i(x, y)\n"@en . "转移监护权的是"@zh . "E10 转移监护权"@zh . . . "Bezeichnungszuweisung"@de . . "是起点"@zh . "P33i was used by"@en . "δημιούργησε"@el . "E65 Creation"@en . "P113 entfernte"@de . "P86i 包含"@zh . . "E24 Physical Human-Made Thing"@en . . "est l'état matériel de"@fr . . . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instances of E57 Materials of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed.\nAll physical things consist of physical materials. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) allows the different materials to be recorded. P45 consists of (is incorporated in) refers here to observed material as opposed to the consumed raw material.\nA material, such as a theoretical alloy, may not have any physical instances.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) consists of silver (E57). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P45(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P45(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)\n"@en . "P198i" . "P43 hat Dimension"@de . "Physical Thing"@en . "P91i est l’unité de mesure de"@fr . "P108 has produced"@en . . "P24i άλλαξε ιδιοκτησία μέσω"@el . "E80 Retrait d'élément"@fr . "P91i является единицей для"@ru . "被分配"@zh . . "Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E67 Birth event to an instance of E21 Person in the role of offspring.\nTwins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.\n\nExamples:\n- The Birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) brought into life Queen Elizabeth II (E21). (Parker, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P98(x,y) ⇒ E67(x)\n- P98(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P98(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "Medição"@pt . "Entidade CRM"@pt . "é proprietário de"@pt . "重叠于"@zh . . "Τύπος"@el . "P124 transformed"@en . "a attribué"@fr . "P76 имеет контакт"@ru . "P44 hat Zustand"@de . "P70i wird belegt in"@de . "E10 Übertragung des Gewahrsams"@de . "Dies ist eine generische, domänenunabhängige Klasse für Begriffe, die zur Klassifizierung von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt verwendet werden, z.B. \n- Präparat\n- Gemälde\n- Druckgraphik\n- Modell\n- Automat\n- Waffe\n- Musikinstrument"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the events that result in the simultaneous destruction of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing and the creation of one or more than one E18 Physical Thing that preserves recognizable substance and structure from the first one(s) but has fundamentally different nature or identity.\nAlthough the old and the new instances of E18 Physical Thing are treated as discrete entities having separate, unique identities, they are causally connected through the E81 Transformation; the destruction of the old E18 Physical Thing(s) directly causes the creation of the new one(s) using or preserving some relevant substance and structure. Instances of E81 Transformation are therefore distinct from re-classifications (documented using E17 Type Assignment) or modifications (documented using E11 Modification) of objects that do not fundamentally change their nature or identity. Characteristic cases are reconstructions and repurposing of historical buildings or ruins, fires leaving buildings in ruins, taxidermy of specimen in natural history.\nEven though such instances of E81 Transformation are often motivated by a change of intended use, substantial material changes should justify the documentation of the result as a new instance of E18 Physical Thing and not just the change of function. The latter may be documented as an extended activity (instance of E7 Activity) of using it.\n\nExamples:\n- the mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) [the mummification of the body of the deceased is a human production process and simultaneously preserves structures of the body at and before death] (Carter and Mace 1977)\n- the death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the Eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81)\n- the transformation of the Hephaisteion temple in Athens, better known as “Theseion”, into a Christian church, dedicated to Saint George around AD 700 (E81,E12) [which actually helped preserving part of the antique temple structure from 449BC]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E81(x) ⇒ E63(x)\n- E81(x) ⇒ E64(x)\n"@en . "E8 Событие Приобретения"@ru . . "Systematisierung/Ordnung"@de . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes an item or items that are regarded as a reason for carrying out the instance of E7 Activity. \nFor example, the discovery of a large hoard of treasure may call for a celebration, an order from headquarters can start a military manoeuvre.\n\nExamples:\n- The resignation of the chief executive (E7) was motivated by the collapse of SwissAir (E68).\n- The coronation of Elizabeth II (E7) was motivated by the death of George VI (E69). (Strong, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P17(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P17(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n- P17(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n"@en . "P82 некоторое время в течение"@ru . . . "P30 μετεβίβασε κατοχή του/της/των"@el . "P4i ist Zeitspanne von"@de . "使用"@zh . . "P140i a reçu l’attribut par"@fr . . "est l’actant détenteur actuel ou antérieur de"@fr . "P55 有当前位置"@zh . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nThis property is a specialisation of P53 has former or current location (is former or current location of). It indicates that the instance of E53 Place associated with the instance of E19 Physical Object is the current location of the object. The property does not allow any indication of how long the object has been at the current location. \nThis property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e., indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, through, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to to E53 Place if and only if this Move is the most recent.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has current location Display Cabinet 23, Room 4, British Museum (E53). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P55(x,y) ⇒ E19(x)\n- P55(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) \n- P55(x,y) ⇒ P53(x,y)\n- P55(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [ [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ P26(z,y)]\n- ˄ ¬​ (∃w) [E9(w) ˄ P25i(x,w) ˄ P27(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]​\n"@en . "P28i опека отдана через"@ru . "Δράση"@el . . "P67i is referred to by"@en . "grenzt an"@de . "E21 Personne"@fr . "Постоянная Сущность"@ru . "P102 έχει τίτλο"@el . "πραγματοποίησε"@el . . . . . "forms part of"@en . "P135 δημιούργησε τύπο"@el . . "P142i" . "в данный момент находится в"@ru . "E2 Entité temporelle"@fr . "hat erschaffen"@de . "Instanzen dieser Klassen umfassen Handlungen, die innerhalb eines Kulturkreises an einem Objekt durchgeführt werden, in der Regel nachdem es dem ökologischen Kreislauf entzogen und in einen Museums- bzw. Sammlungskontext eingegangen ist. Im Gegensatz zu Instanzen der Klasse \"Benutzung\" beschreibt die kulturelle Handlung einen gegenwärtigen Kontext, während die Benutzung auf den ursprünglich intendierten Nutzungszweck abzielt.\n\nKulturelle Handlungen sind bedeutungserzeugende Ereignisse, etwa Auszeichnungen, die Eintragung in nationale oder internationale Kulturgutlisten. \nBeispiel:\n- die Eintragung des Giraffatitan brancai ins Guinessbuch der Weltrekorde\n- die Ernennung des Behaim Globus zum UNESCO Weltdokumentenerbe"@de . "This is a generic, domain-agnostic class for terms that are used to classify instances of class Object, e.g.\n- painting\n- mammal\n- wet specimen\n- model\n- weapon\n- musical instrument"@en . . "E1 CRM Entität"@de . . . "a pour type"@fr . "Δράστης"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises instances of E92 Spacetime Volume, whose temporal extent has been chosen in order to determine the spatial extent of a phenomenon over the chosen time-span. Respective phenomena may, for instance, be historical events or periods, but can also be the diachronic extent and existence of physical things. In other words, instances of this class fix a slice of another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume in time. \nThe temporal extent of an instance of E93 Presence typically is predetermined by the researcher so as to focus the investigation particularly on finding the spatial extent of the phenomenon by testing for its characteristic features. There are at least two basic directions such investigations might take. The investigation may wish to determine where something was during some time or it may wish to reconstruct the total passage of a phenomenon’s spacetime volume through an examination of discrete presences. Observation and measurement of features indicating the presence or absence of a phenomenon in some space allows for the progressive approximation of spatial extents through argumentation typically based on inclusion, exclusion and various overlaps.\n\nExamples:\n- the Roman Empire on 19(th) August AD 14 (Clare and Edwards, 1992)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1775 (Leppmann, 1970)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (Leppmann, 1970)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E93(x) ⇒ E92(x)\n"@en . "est temporellement spécifié par"@fr . "is translation of"@en . "P128i" . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates the instance of E66 Formation with the instance of E74 Group that it founded.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The formation of the CIDOC CRM SIG at the August 2000 CIDOC Board meeting (E66) has formed the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P95(x,y) ⇒ E66(x)\n- P95(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P95(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "P38" . "P104i" . "P20 有特定目的"@zh . . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die Arten von E11 Modifikation, die an Instanzen der Klasse Objekt nach ihrer E12 Herstellung vorgenommen werden, \nz.B. die Abtrennung von Stücken vom Präparat der Zenkerlunge aus der Pathologischen Sammlung der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg\nz.B. die Ergänzung der Todesnachricht von Martin Behaim auf dem Behaim Globus nach 1507"@de . "P41i was classified by"@en . . "P13 破坏了"@zh . "surrendered title through"@en . "位于"@zh . "a été une présence de"@fr . . "Bearbeitung"@de . "E28" . "Característica Material"@pt . . "s’insère dans"@fr . "Diese Klasse beschreibt die Zuweisung einer Zeitspanne (crm:E52_Time_Span) im Kontext eines Ereignisses (crm:E5_Event). Dabei können konkrete genaue Datierungen zugewiesen werden, oder auch nur nominelle Bezeichnungen.\n\nBeispiel: \n- Die Zuweisung der Zeitangabe 1492-1494 für das Ereignis der Herstellung des Behaim Globus. \n- Die Zuweisung des Jahres 1847 als Herstellungsjahr des Faksimiles des Behaim Globus für die Bibliothéque National de France."@de . "P29i erhielt Gewahrsam durch"@de . "Entité persistante"@fr . "转移所有权自"@zh . . "P105 持有权利的是"@zh . "faz parte de"@pt . "commence après ou au moment de la fin de"@fr . "P167 s’inscrivait dans"@fr . . . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically includes the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. Besides others, this property may be used to state in which space an object has been for some known time, such as a room of a castle or in a drawer. It may also be used to describe a confinement of the spatial extent of some realm during a known time-span. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was within Rome (E53). (Leppmann, 1970)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was within Italy (E53). (Leppmann, 1970)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P167(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P167(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P167(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)]\n"@en . "a identifié"@fr . "has current or former curator"@en . . "E68 Διάλυση Ομάδας"@el . "P197i a été partiellement couvert par"@fr . "接壤于"@zh . "P103i ήταν προορισμός του"@el . "P35 identificou"@pt . . "P102i is title of"@en . "E27 Gelände"@de . "E3 Κατάσταση"@el . "P45i ist enthalten in"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E67 Birth to an instance of E21 Person in the role of biological father.\nNote that biological fathers are not seen as necessary participants in the birth, whereas birth-giving mothers are (see P96 by mother (gave birth)). The Person being born is linked to the Birth with the property P98 brought into life (was born).\nThis is not intended for use with general natural history material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions. \nAn instance of E67 Birth is normally (but not always) associated with one biological father.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- King George VI (E21) was father for the birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67). (Parker, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P97(x,y) ⇒ E67(x)\n- P97(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n"@en . "P99i foi dissolvido por"@pt . . "ήταν σκοπός του/της"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the events that result in the formal or informal termination of an instance of E74 Group. \nIf the dissolution was deliberate, the Dissolution event should also be instantiated as an instance of E7 Activity.\n\nExamples:\n- the fall of the Roman Empire (Whittington, 1964)\n- the liquidation of Enron Corporation (Atlas, 2001)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E68(x) ⇒ E64(x)\n"@en . "P48i является предпочтительным идентификатором для"@ru . "αναφέρεται σε"@el . "est l’unité de mesure de"@fr . "E28 Νοητικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "contains"@en . "P12 已出现"@zh . "E52 时段"@zh . "wurde vermindert durch"@de . "Место"@ru . "gab Vaterschaft"@de . "επηρεάστηκε από"@el . "прекратил существование посредством"@ru . . "物理特征"@zh . "состоит из"@ru . "P125i 是使用的对象类型"@zh . "E15 Назначение Идентификатора"@ru . . "E11 Τροποποίηση"@el . "a perdu le membre par"@fr . "E57 Matériau"@fr . "temps défini par"@fr . . . "P29i a reçu la garde par"@fr . "wurde umgewandelt durch"@de . "E31 Τεκμήριο"@el . "P12 συνέβη παρουσία του/της"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises items of a material nature that are units for documentation and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. \nThe class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen. Typically, instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy).\nIn some contexts, such objects, except for aggregates, are also called “bona fide objects”, i.e. naturally defined objects (Smith & Varzi, 2000). \nThe decision as to what is documented as a complete item, rather than by its parts or components, may be purely administrative or may be a result of the order in which the item was acquired.\n\nExamples:\n- Aphrodite of Milos (E22) (Kousser, 2005)\n- the Cullinan Diamond (Scarratt and Shor, 2006)\n- Apollo 13 at the time of launch (E22) (Lovell and Kluger, 1994)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E19(x) ⇒ E18(x)\n"@en . "P51 hat früheren oder derzeitigen Besitzer"@de . "Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nP54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the E53 Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has current permanent location Shelf 3.1, Store 2, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P54(x,y) ⇒ E19(x)\n- P54(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity about which it made an attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity plays the role of the domain of the attribution. \nThe kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned attribute to Martin Doerr’s silver cup (E22). (fictitious)\n- The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned attribute to silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n- The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned attribute to MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P140(x,y) ⇒ E13(x)\n- P140(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n"@en . "a pour responsable actuel ou antérieur de la collection"@fr . "P4i является временным отрезком для"@ru . "E72" . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die Arten von Instanzen der Klasse Ausstellung, \nz.B. \n- Dauerausstellung\n- Temporäre Ausstellung\n- Jubliäumsausstellung"@de . . "P108i foi produzido por"@pt . "E36 Визуальный Предмет"@ru . . "P19 a été l’usage prévu de"@fr . . "é o identificador preferido de"@pt . "P112 减少了"@zh . . "adquiriu os direitos de propriedade por meio da"@pt . "Objet matériel"@fr . "离开"@zh . "P17 被促动"@zh . "είναι στην κατοχή του"@el . "P136i a fondé la création du type"@fr . . "é definido por"@pt . "hat Anzahl Teile"@de . "被结束存在"@zh . "имеет бывшего или текущего смотрителя"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the active participation of an instance of E39 Actor in an instance of E7 Activity. \nIt implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property specifies the nature of an Actor’s participation.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The painting of the Sistine Chapel (E7) carried out by Michelangelo Buonaroti (E21) in the role of master craftsman (E55). (Goldscheider, 1953)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P14(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P14(x,y)⇒ E39(y)\n- P14(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n- P14(x,y,z) ⇒ [P14(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "took place at"@en . . . "a son début qualifié par"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an area, i.e., an instance of E53 Place to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found. This area may either be identified by a name, or by a geometry in terms of a coordinate system adapted to the shape of the respective instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typically, names identifying sections of physical objects are composed of the name of a kind of part and the name of the object itself, such as “The poop deck of H.M.S. Victory”, which is composed of “poop deck” and “H.M.S. Victory”.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- HMS Victory (E22) has section HMS Victory section B347.6 (E53). (Goodwin, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P59(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P59(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . . "war Zweck von"@de . "P127 tem termo genérico"@pt . . "P30 übertrug Gewahrsam über"@de . "Quelleninhalt"@de . "有当前所有者"@zh . . . . "is produced by"@en . "SP2 Phenomenal Place in CRMgeo"@de . "P127i has narrower term"@en . "P43i ist Dimension von"@de . "修改"@zh . . "P74i é ou foi residência de"@pt . "P167 was within"@en . . . "P70 документирует"@ru . "P157 is at rest relative to"@en . "end is qualified by"@en . . "Remoção de Parte"@pt . "This class comprises sections of Instances of K5 Source Content, e.g. \n- \"Zwey Waßer Saphyr Körner\" aus Eingangsbuch 1688/1692b, fol. 4v\n- \"Ein Baum, worinnen ein Hirsch-Geweih stecket, welches in Preußisch Litthauen in einem Walde gefunden worden, davon man aber nicht eigentlich urtheilen kan, wie es dahin gekommen.\" aus Küster 1756, S. 20"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment with the instance of E90 Symbolic Object used as constituent of an instance of E42 Identifier in this act of assignment.\n\nExamples:\n- Assigning the personal name identifier “Guillaume, de Machaut, ca. 1300-1377” on 1(st) June 2001 (E15) used constituent “ca. 1300-1377” (E41). (Kelly, 2014)\n- Assigning a uniform title to the anonymous textual work known as ‘The Adoration of the Shepherds’(E15) used constituent “Coventry” (E41). (Encyclopedia Britannica, 1998)\n- Assigning a uniform title to Pina Bausch’s choreographic work entitled ‘Rite of spring’ (E15) used constituent “(Choreographic Work: Bausch)” (E90). (Brandstetter and Klein, 2015) \n- Assigning a uniform title to the motion picture directed in 1933 by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack and entitled ‘King Kong’ (E15) used constituent “1933” (E61). (Goldner and Turner, 1976)\n- Assigning the corporate name identifier ‘Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za bibliotekarstvo’ to The Department for library science of the University of Ljubljana in 2018 (E15) used constituent “Univerza v Ljubljani” (E42). [Done by the Department of Library and Information Science and Book Studies Library, University of Ljubljana in 2018]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P142(x,y) ⇒ E15(x)\n- P142(x,y) ⇒ E90(y)\n- P142(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)\n"@en . "assigned property of type"@en . "E83 Typuserfindung"@de . "Diese Klasse beschreibt die Zuweisung der Nutzungsart (nfdi4objects:usage_Type) von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) im Kontext eines Nutzungsereignisses (nfdi4objects:Usage), das stattfand bevor ein Objekt dem ökonomischen Kreislauf entzogen wurde und in eine Sammlung oder einen Museumskontext (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation) eingegangen ist. \n\nBeispiel:\n- Die Zuweisung der Nutzungsart \"Repräsentationsobjekt\" für den Behaim Globus, während er im Nürnberger Rathaus aufgestellt war.\n- Die Zuweisung der Nutzungsart \"Schutzobjekt bei Zeremonien\" für den Idia-Elfenbeinanhänger"@de . "starts before the end of"@en . "P137i est exemplifié par"@fr . "P10 fällt in"@de . "ήταν αφορμή"@el . . "P134 继续"@zh . "Thing"@en . "E12 Herstellung"@de . "P19i a été élaboré pour"@fr . "P112 verminderte"@de . "来自母亲"@zh . "Droit"@fr . "was destroyed by"@en . "E54 Dimension"@fr . "P14 a été effectué par"@fr . . "This class includes the intangible content of instances of the K4 Source class, e. g.\n\n- the content of the inventory of the Brandenburg-Prussian Kunstkammer from 1605, which is kept in the Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz under the signature GStA PK, I. HA, Rep. 9, Allgemeine Verwaltung, No. D 2, Fasz. 1, fol. 13r-43r.\n- the content of the anonymously written description of the Brandenburg-Prussian Kunstkammer \"Anonymus B\" from 1740."@en . . "P44i является условием для"@ru . "est le plan de production de"@fr . "P110i foi aumentada por"@pt . . "E13 Atribuição de Característica"@pt . . . "P39i foi medida por"@pt . "P157i provides reference space for"@en . "P3" . "Information Object"@en . "P105i détient le droit sur"@fr . "добавил"@ru . . "P121 überlappt mit"@de . "wurde hergestellt für"@de . "é ou foi residência de"@pt . "E10 Transferência de Custódia"@pt . "Diese Klasse umfasst schöpferische Prozesse, bei denen Bilder entstehen, z.B. MRT, CT, Röntgen aber auch 3D Modelle oder reguläre Fotografien."@de . "Formation"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises events that destroy one or more instances of E18 Physical Thing, such that they lose their identity as the subjects of documentation.\nSome destruction events are intentional, while others are independent of human activity. Intentional destruction can be documented by classifying the event as both an instance of E6 Destruction and of E7 Activity. \nThe decision to document an object as destroyed, transformed, or modified is context-sensitive: \n1. If the matter remaining from the destruction is not documented, the event is modelled solely as an instance of E6 Destruction. \n2. An event should also be documented using E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the original. In this case, the new items have separate identities. Matter is preserved, but identity is not.\n3. When the initial identity of the changed instance of E18 Physical Thing is preserved, the event should be documented as an instance of E11 Modification.\n\nExamples:\n- the destruction of Herculaneum by volcanic eruption in 79 AD (Camardo, 2013)\n- the destruction of Nineveh (E6, E7) (River, 2016) \n- the breaking of a champagne glass yesterday by my dog (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E6(x) ⇒ E64(x)\n"@en . "E99" . "содержит"@ru . "描绘了"@zh . "Location_Type"@en . "wurde aufgehoben durch"@de . . "P45 αποτελείται από"@el . "era origem de"@pt . "P101 a eu pour usage général"@fr . "foi atribuído por"@pt . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the maximum period of time within which an E52 Time-Span falls. Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s maximum temporal extent (i.e. its outer boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CIDOC CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed. If different sources of evidence justify different maximum extents without contradicting each other, the resulting intersection of all these extents will be the best estimate. This should be taken into account for information integration.\n\nExamples:\n- The time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (E52) at some time within “1992-infinity” (E61). (Doerr, 2003)\n- The Time-Span of the Battle in the Teutoburg Forest (E52) at some time within “September 9 CE” (E61). (Andrews & Kesteven, 1977)\n- The time-Span of the death of Tut Ankh Amun (E52) at some time within “December 1324 BC to February 1323 BC” (E61). (Murdoch, 2003)\n- The time-span of the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (7(th) to 10(th) dynasty) (E52) at some time within “2475BC - 2125BC” (E61). (Reid, 1993)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P82(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) \n- P82(x,y) ⇒ E61(y)\n"@en . "E1 Entité CRM"@fr . "Агент"@ru . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who relinquish legal ownership as the result of an instance of E8 Acquisition.\nThe property will typically be used to describe a person donating or selling an object to a museum. In reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title from the Heirs of Amoudruz (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P23(x,y) ⇒ E8(x)\n- P23(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P23(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "fim do fim"@pt . "Art_des_Quelleninhalts"@de . . . "observed dimension"@en . . "P112 уменьшил"@ru . "P27i был исходной точкой для"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the identifier that was deassigned from an instance of E1 CRM Entity.\nDe-assignment of an identifier may be necessary when an item is taken out of an inventory, a new numbering system is introduced or items are merged or split up. \nThe same identifier may be deassigned on more than one occasion.\n\nExamples:\n- The identifier assignment on 31(st) July 2001 of the silver cup OXCMS:2001.1.32 (E15) deassigned “232” (E42). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P38(x,y) ⇒ E15(x)\n- P38(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) \n- P38(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "P100i πέθανε σε"@el . "P137 δειγματίζει"@el . . "P177i est le type de propriété assigné"@fr . . "имеет представление"@ru . "P128 trägt"@de . "P76i permet de contacter"@fr . "P152 a pour parent"@fr . "est le parent de"@fr . "P111i a été ajouté par"@fr . "P93i 被结束存在"@zh . "P129i wird behandelt in"@de . . "имеет нижестоящий термин"@ru . "é localização permanente de"@pt . "has modified"@en . "se termine avant le début de"@fr . "P43 έχει μέγεθος"@el . "P57 hat Anzahl Teile"@de . "P14i πραγματοποίησε"@el . "P76i παρέχει πρόσβαση σε"@el . "P180i" . "contient"@fr . . "a été géré par"@fr . "P11i 参与"@zh . "E66 组成"@zh . "P15" . "P34i wurde beurteilt durch"@de . "P23 μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο από"@el . "war Zielort von"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance or instances of E18 Physical Thing that are the result of an instance of E81 Transformation. New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (E24). [AND: has produced (P108) the City Hall of Heraklion (E22)] (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021)\n- The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) resulted in the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22,E20). [also: has produced (P108) the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22, E20).] (Carter & Mace 1977)\n- The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) resulted in petrified bodies (E20). [Some of these bodies could later be preserved in plaster.]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P123(x,y) ⇒ E81(x)\n- P123(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P123(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "erschuf Typus"@de . . "dissolved"@en . . "foi diminuído por"@pt . "P166i" . "P31 veränderte"@de . . . . "a été la technique générale mise en œuvre dans"@fr . "Identifiant"@fr . "Instances of this class describe the types of E11 modification that are made to instances of the class Object after their E12 creation,\ne.g. the separation of pieces from the Zenker lung specimen from the Pathological Collection of the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg\ne.g. the addition of the death notice of Martin Behaim on the Behaim Globe after 1507"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(start) is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to the following Allen temporal relation (Allen, 1983) : {before}.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric. \n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_11.png\n\n\nFigure 18: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_12.png\n\n\nFigure 19: Temporal entity A ends before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Gisle taking office as Bishop of Linköping 1139 AD (E7) ends before the start of The Guta saga composition (E65). (Peel, 1999)\n- Troy VII (E4) ends before the start of Troy VIII (E4). [uninhabited for some 200 years]\n- The use of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in Nihoria in the MHIII-LHI period (E4) ends before the start of the period of reuse of the Tomb Four from Nikitopoulou group in LHIIIA (E4). [“Of the six tombs excavated in the Nikitopoulou group […] the finds in Tomb Four are of MH II or MH III-LH I date, with the exception of the finds with the Northern group of material, which is uniformly dated to LHIIA2, end the ewer in the middle of the floor, dated LHIIIA1. […] The preserved evidence seems clearly to indicate use in the MHIII-LHI use in the MHIII-LHI period followed by a period of reuse in LHIIIA, a pattern matched at architecturally similar sites such as 13:Kaminia and 10:Gouvalári.”] (Boyd, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ P182(x,y)\n- [P183(x,y) ∧ P183(y,z)] ⇒ P183(x,z)\n- P183(x,y) ⇒ ¬P183(y,x)\n"@en . "Type of Reception"@en . "распустил"@ru . "Quellenträger"@de . "P2i является типом для"@ru . "Assignation d’attribut"@fr . "P54i" . "E86 Austritt"@de . "a été la mort de"@fr . "P42 atribuiu"@pt . "απέδωσε"@el . "P15i 影响"@zh . "P139 έχει εναλλακτική μορφή"@el . "έλαβε χώρα σε"@el . "P81a end of the begin"@en . "转移所有权的是"@zh . "P106i формирует часть"@ru . "wurde zugewiesen durch"@de . "features are also found on"@en . "P3 a pour note"@fr . "P2i" . "P100 foi a morte para"@pt . . . "P8i testemunhou"@pt . "属性赋值"@zh . . "повлек появление"@ru . "P68i 被预知使用"@zh . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates the instance of E68 Dissolution with the instance of E74 Group that it disbanded.\n\nExamples:\n- The end of The Hole in the Wall Gang (E68) dissolved The Hole in the Wall Gang (E74). (Patterson, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P99(x,y) ⇒ E68(x)\n- P99(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P99(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n- P99(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . "P152i est le parent de"@fr . "P21i 是为了"@zh . "hat früheren oder derzeitigen Betreuer"@de . "consists of"@en . "estava presente no"@pt . "P94i 被创建"@zh . "标识符"@zh . "P141 απέδωσε"@el . "P48" . "had presence"@en . . "é a língua de"@pt . "был уничтожен посредством"@ru . "This class describes the assignment of the type of acquisition or transfer of instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects_Object) in the context of a change of ownership (crm:E10_Transfer_of_Custody) between two actors (previous owner and subsequent owner) and documents where this information comes from by specifying the source as precisely as possible (nfdi4objects:Source_Content_Section).\n\nExample:\nThe attribution of the type of acquisition \"looting\" of the Idia ivory pendant, which is now in the British Museum under the inventory number BM_Af1910_5-13_1, by British troops from the Kingdom of Benin as part of the 1897 punitive expedition according to the information in the online portal Digital Benin at the URL https://digitalbenin.org/catalogue/5_Af191005131."@en . "atribuiu atributo para"@pt . "κατέχει"@el . . . "P45i είναι ενσωματωμένος/η/ο σε"@el . "P89 fällt in"@de . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die Arten von Rollen von Instanzen der Klasse E39 Akteur im Kontext von Instanzen der Klasse \"Akteurzuweisung\". Sie dienen dazu, den Akteur weiter zu Kontextualisieren bei komplexen Ereignissen, \n\nz.B. die physische Herstellung des Behaim Globus und die Zuweisung von Hans Glockengießer mit der Rolle \"Hersteller der Lehmkugel\"."@de . "P7i был местом совершения"@ru . . "измерил"@ru . "P62 απεικονίζει"@el . "αφαίρεσε"@el . "μετεβίβασε κατοχή του/της/των"@el . "有当前或曾经居住地"@zh . . "E55 Typus"@de . "加入"@zh . "P31 已更改"@zh . "P39i a été mesuré par"@fr . "Datensatzart im Minimaldatensatz der DDB unter https://wiki.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/spaces/DFD/pages/120422725/Datensatzart+Pflicht"@de . . "moved"@en . "P96 посредством матери"@ru . "définit les éléments typiques de"@fr . "P91 has unit"@en . "transferiu os direitos de propriedade de"@pt . "P27i era origem de"@pt . . . "P132 recoupe spatio-temporellement"@fr . . "P44i is condition of"@en . . . "P129 is about"@en . . "破坏"@zh . "P7 发生地在"@zh . "περιλαμβάνει"@el . "é documentado em"@pt . . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that came into existence as a result of the instance of E12 Production.\nThe identity of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An E12 Production can result in the creation of multiple instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The building of Rome (E12) has produced the Colosseum (E24). (Hopkins & Beard, 2011)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ E12(x)\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ E24(y)\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . . "观测度量规格"@zh . "a été diminué par"@fr . "Επιγραφή"@el . "E2 时序实体"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the naming or identification of any real-world item by a name or any other identifier. \nThis property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of E53 Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through E15 Identifier Assignment.\nThis property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P140i was attributed by, E15 Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned to E42 Identifier. \nIt is also a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P1 is identified by, E41 Appellation, P139 has alternative form to E41 Appellation.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The capital of Italy (E53) is identified by “Rome” (E41). (Leach, 2017)\n- Text 25014–32 (E33) is identified by “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” (E35). (Gibbon, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P1(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P1(x,y) ⇒ E41(y)\n- P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E15(z)˄ P140i(x,z) ˄ P37(z,y)]\n- P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E41(z)˄ P1(x,z) ˄ P139(z,y)]\n"@en . "P70 belegt"@de . "P23 передал право собственности от"@ru . "P27 μετακινήθηκε από"@el . "συνήθως χρησιμοποιεί"@el . "执行"@zh . "Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records an instance of E54 Dimension of some instance of E70 Thing.\nIn the case that the recorded property is a result of a measurement of an instance of E18 Physical Thing, this property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P39i was measured by, E16 Measurement, P40 observed dimension to E54 Dimension. \nIt offers no information about how and when an E54 Dimension was established, nor by whom. Knowledge about an instance of E54 Dimension need not be the result of a measurement; it may be the result of evaluating data or other information, which should be documented as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. \nAn instance of E54 Dimension is specific to an instance of E70 Thing.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has dimension height of silver cup 232 (E54). [which has unit (P91) mm (E58), has value (P90) 224 (E60)] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P43(x,y) ⇒ E70(x)\n- P43(x,y) ⇒ E54(y)\n- P43(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E16(z) ˄ P39i(x,z) ˄ P40(z,y)]\n"@en . . "является текущим смотрителем для"@ru . . "destroyed"@en . "Art der Dimension"@de . . . "P20" . "a été l’objet d’un transfert de garde par"@fr . "E39 Akteur"@de . "E18 Υλικό Πράγμα"@el . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the decomposition of an instance of E3 Condition State into discrete, subsidiary states. \nIt is assumed that the sub-states into which the condition state is analysed form a logical whole, although the entire story may not be completely known, and that the sub-states are in fact constitutive of the general condition state. For example, a general condition state of “in ruins” may be decomposed into the individual stages of decay. \nThis property is transitive and asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- The Condition State of the ruined Parthenon (E3) consists of the bombarded state after the explosion of a Venetian shell in 1687 (E3). (Mommsen, 1941)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(x)\n- P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(y)\n- [P5(x,y) ∧ P5(y,z)] ⇒ P5(x,z)\n- P5(x,y) ⇒ ¬P5(y,x)\n"@en . "P51 έχει ή είχε ιδιοκτήτη"@el . "P24i ging über in Besitz durch"@de . "Estado Material"@pt . "已更改"@zh . . "использовал объект типа"@ru . "P141 a attribué"@fr . . "shows visual item"@en . "P34 имел дело с"@ru . "mudou de proprietário por meio de"@pt . "Art_des_Objektzustands"@de . "mediu"@pt . "P109i είναι ή ήταν επιμελητής του/της"@el . "P9 包括"@zh . . "a changé de propriétaire par"@fr . "é detentor de"@pt . "P8i 发生过"@zh . . "εξάλειψε"@el . "P195i had presence"@en . "είχε γενικό σκοπό"@el . "E63" . "被例示"@zh . "defines typical wholes for"@en . . "Acquisition"@en . "P14 carried out by"@en . "передало опеку на"@ru . "war Verfahren von"@de . "положил конец существованию"@ru . "P136i υποστήριξε τη δημιουργία τύπου"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the foreseen permanent location of an instance of E19 Physical Object at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nP54 has current permanent location (is current permanent location of) is similar to P55 has current location (currently holds). However, it indicates the E53 Place currently reserved for an object, such as the permanent storage location or a permanent exhibit location. The object may be temporarily removed from the permanent location, for example when used in temporary exhibitions or loaned to another institution. The object may never actually be located at its permanent location.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has current permanent location Shelf 3.1, Store 2, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P54(x,y) ⇒ E19(x)\n- P54(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . . "P108i παρήχθη από"@el . "P129" . "P128i wird getragen von"@de . "P113i" . "有一般用途"@zh . . "Empfang des Gewahrsams"@de . "基于"@zh . . "Curated Holding"@en . "P29 опека получена"@ru . "P25i 被移动"@zh . . "Разрушение"@ru . "P141" . "E8 采访"@zh . "sind im Besitz von"@de . "E80 Αφαίρεση Μερών"@el . "final da custódia por meio de"@pt . "αποδόθηκε ως ιδιότητα από"@el . "E19 Objet matériel"@fr . . "E41 Обозначение"@ru . "P174 commence avant la fin de"@fr . "διαλύθηκε από"@el . "Appellation"@fr . "P168 lieu défini par"@fr . "está contido em"@pt . "P41 χαρακτήρισε"@el . "P97" . "ήταν μητέρα του/της"@el . . "est le type de"@fr . . . "P22" . "findet Anwendung auf"@de . "P100 Tod von"@de . . "P99i wurde aufgelöst durch"@de . "P123i ergab sich aus"@de . "P111i foi adicionado por"@pt . . "são direitos de"@pt . "P13 a détruit"@fr . "tem número de partes"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises concepts denoted by terms from thesauri and controlled vocabularies used to characterize and classify instances of CIDOC CRM classes. Instances of E55 Type represent concepts, in contrast to instances of E41 Appellation which are used to name instances of CIDOC CRM classes. \nE55 Type provides an interface to domain specific ontologies and thesauri. These can be represented in the CIDOC CRM as subclasses of E55 Type, forming hierarchies of terms, i.e. instances of E55 Type linked via P127 has broader term (has narrower term): E55 Type. Such hierarchies may be extended with additional properties.\n\nExamples:\n- weight, length, depth [types for instances of E54 Dimension]\n- portrait, sketch, animation [types for instances of E36 Visual Item]\n- French, English, German [types for instances of E56 Language]\n- excellent, good, poor [types for instances of E3 Condition State]\n- Ford Model T, chop stick [types for instances of E22 Human-Made Object]\n- cave, doline, scratch [types for instances of E26 Physical Feature]\n- poem, short story [types for instances of E33 Linguistic Object]\n- wedding, earthquake, skirmish [types for instances of E5 Event]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E55(x) ⇒ E28(x)\n"@en . "P20i" . "P16i χρησιμοποιήθηκε για"@el . "P68 prévoit l'usage de"@fr . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that falls within the latter. In other words, all points in the former are also points in the latter.\nThis property is transitive and reflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- The Great Plague (E4) falls within The Gothic period (E4). (Porter, 2009)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P10(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y)\n- P10(x,y) ∧ P10(y,z)] ⇒ P10(x,z)\n- P10(x,x)\n"@en . "P76 has contact point"@en . "E36 Entité visuelle"@fr . "Оценка Состояния"@ru . . "被减少"@zh . "P91i ist Einheit von"@de . "E64 Fim da Existência"@pt . "P145 离开"@zh . . "P179i" . "This class comprises activities of Observation (S27) (substance) where an Actor (E39) encounters an instance of E18 Physical Thing, of a kind relevant for the mission of the observation or regarded as potentially relevant for some community (identity). This observation produces knowledge about the existence of the respective thing at particular place in, or on, surrounding matter. This knowledge may be new to the group of people the actor belongs to. In that case, we would talk about discovery. The observer may recognize or assign an individual identity of the thing encountered, or regard only the type as noteworthy in the associated documentation or report. In Archaeology, there is a particular interest if an object is found “in situ”, i.e., if its embedding in the surrounding matter supports the assumption that the object was not moved since the archaeologically relevant deposition event. The surrounding matter with the relative position of the object in it, as well as the absolute position and time of the observation may be recorded to enable inferences about the history of the object. In Biology, additional parameters may be recorded – like the kind of ecosystem, if the biological individual survives the observation, what detection or catching devices have been used, or if the encounter event supported the detection of a new biological kind (“taxon”). \n\nExamples: \nthe finding, by Nikolaos Stampolidis, of a complete skeleton, in situ, at the site of Eleutherna during the archaeological excavation carried out by the University of Crete in 2007 (Bonn-Muller, 2010) \nthe detection of Lagocephalos_Sceleratus was carried out with the trawler 419 in the Mediteranean sea, during the first week of August 2014 (S19) (Bekiari et al., 2014) \nthe encounter of the marble floor of the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum during the digging of a well in 1750 (Sider, 1990)"@en . "Movement to"@en . "有区域"@zh . "P49 a pour actant détenteur actuel ou antérieur"@fr . . "Transfert de la garde"@fr . "结合在"@zh . . "est l'outil de production de"@fr . "P43" . "является текущим постоянным местоположением для"@ru . . "P54 有当前永久位置"@zh . "P105i έχει δικαίωμα σε"@el . "exemplifies"@en . "is former or current owner of"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(start) is true.\nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finished-by, equals}\nIn a model with fuzzy borders, this property will not be transitive.\nThis property is irreflexive.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_05.png\n\n\nFigure 12: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_06.png\n\n\nFigure 13: Temporal entity A starts before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The production of the scarab seal found in Poros in a context of LMIIIB (E12) starts after or with the start of Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C) (E4). [The scarab stamp seal found in Poros was associated with finds dated to the LMIIIB period. The seal is dated to the Tutankhamun period or later because it belongs to the scarabs of type “nh.s n Jmn”: During Akhenaten period, the production of this type of scarab seal stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). Therefore, the scarab cannot have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production] (Karetsou, 2000)\n- The production of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in Tholos B in Platanos (E12) starts after or with the start of the Hammurabi period of the kingdom (E4). [Of the cylindrical seal of the first Dynasty of Babylon found in tholos B in Platanos believed to connect king Hammurabi with the MM I period. Specifically, although the finding is believed to have been found in a MM I layer, it contained material from the MM III/YM I period. Therefore, the seal may be from the Hammurabi period or, it may be from a later period.] (Walberg, 1992.)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P175(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P175(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y)\n- ¬P175(x,x)\n"@en . "解散了"@zh . . "P74 has current or former residence"@en . "wurde benutzt für"@de . . . "P133" . "P44 has condition"@en . "has component"@en . "παρατηρήθηκε από"@el . . . "P37i 被分配"@zh . "P19i" . "P9 состоит из"@ru . "início da custódia por meio de"@pt . "列出"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class describes the act of assessing the state of preservation of an object during a particular period. \nThe condition assessment may be carried out by inspection, measurement, or through historical research. This class is used to document circumstances of the respective assessment that is relevant to interpret its quality at a later stage, or to continue research on related documents.\n\nExamples:\n- last year’s inspection of humidity damage to the frescos in the St. George chapel in our village (fictitious)\n- the condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 by Nicholas Pickwoad in November 2003 (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n- the condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 by Nicholas Pickwoad in November 2003 (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E14(x) ⇒ E13(x)\n"@en . "a pour caractéristique"@fr . "является переводом"@ru . "имеет текущего смотрителя"@ru . "a été élaboré pour"@fr . "获得所有权"@zh . . "P35i" . . . . "脱离"@zh . "took place on or within"@en . . "ist derzeitiger permanenter Standort von"@de . "Human-Made Thing"@en . "P51 имеет бывшего или текущего владельца"@ru . "E37 Mark"@en . . "P171" . "构成部分"@zh . "era o propósito de"@pt . "P126i was employed in"@en . "P39i 被测量"@zh . "Körperschaft"@de . "E30 Recht"@de . "wurde verändert durch"@de . "P107i является действующим или бывшим членом"@ru . "Documento"@pt . . . "was destination of"@en . "P86 属于"@zh . . . "P86" . "P7i a été témoin de"@fr . "occurred in the presence of"@en . "separated"@en . "E29 设计或程序"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an instance of E53 Place that falls wholly within the extent of another instance of E53 Place.\nIt addresses spatial containment only and does not imply any relationship between things or phenomena occupying these places.\nThis property is transitive and reflexive.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The area covered by the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge (E53) falls within the area of Salisbury Plain (E53). (Pryor, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- [P89(x,y) ∧ P89(y,z)] ⇒ P89(x,z)\n- P89(x,x)\n"@en . "a été partiellement couvert par"@fr . "P68 συνήθως χρησιμοποιεί"@el . . "temporally specifies"@en . . . "E83 Создание Типа"@ru . "P11i participated in"@en . . . "a été motivé par"@fr . "fait l'objet d'un renvoi par"@fr . "P4 a pour intervalle temporel"@fr . "P71i перечислен в"@ru . . "τέλος της αρχής"@el . . . "έχει τύπο"@el . "E7 Деятельность"@ru . "fait partie de"@fr . "Diese Klasse umfasst Begriffe, die Arten von Standorten beschreiben, z.B.\n\n- ein Raum\n- ein Standort im Raum\n- ein Standort innerhalb eines Sammlungsmöbels"@de . "P68 预知使用"@zh . "E32 Authority Document"@en . "P105 δικαίωμα κατέχεται από"@el . "a pour projection temporelle"@fr . "E67 Nascimento"@pt . "E81" . . "E14" . "has formed"@en . "E34 Inscription"@en . "Eine Instanz der Klasse Bild repräsentiert visuell Instanzen anderer Klassen, wie beispielsweise Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) oder E21 Person. Dabei handelt es sich üblicherweise um digitale Fotografien oder Scans mit den Dateiendungen TIFF oder PNG. Beispiel: Die digitale Aufnahme (Image) stellt den \"Behaim Globus\" (Objekt) dar und ist unter der URL https://… (URL) zu finden."@de . "P104 is subject to"@en . "был создан посредством"@ru . "P75i são detidos por"@pt . "P110i был увеличен посредством"@ru . "E97 Monetary Amount"@en . "P20 had specific purpose"@en . "P103 a eu pour raison d'être"@fr . "P182 ends before or with the start of"@en . "P62i" . "P34 concerned"@en . "Art der Lokation/des Standorts"@de . . . "Μετατροπή"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property generalises relationships like whole-part, sequence, prerequisite or inspired by between instances of E29 Design or Procedure. Any instance of E29 Design or Procedure may be associated with other designs or procedures. The property is considered to be symmetrical unless otherwise indicated by P69.1 has type. The property is not transitive.\nThis property is a directed relationship. The P69.1 has type property of P69 has association with allows the nature of the association to be specified reading from domain to range; examples of types of association between instances of E29 Design or Procedure include: has part, follows, requires, etc.\nInstances of this property are considered to be symmetric, in case no directed sense is provided for them by the property P69.1 has type.\nThe property can typically be used to model the decomposition of the description of a complete workflow into a series of separate procedures.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The procedure for glass blowing (E29) has association with the procedure for glass heating (E29). (Brooks, 1973)\n- The set of instructions for performing Macbeth in Max Reinhardt's production in 1916 in Berlin at Deutsches Theater (E29) has association with the scene design drawing by Ernst Stern reproduced at http://www.glopad.org/pi/fr/record/digdoc/1003814 (E29) has type has part (E55).\n- The preparation of parchment (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type has part (E55).\n- Stretching of skin (E29) has association with soaking and unhairing of skin (E29) has type follows (E55). (Poole and Reed, 1962)\n- The plan for reassembling the temples at Abu Simbel (E29) has association with the plan for storing and transporting the blocks (E29) has type follows (E55). (Loubiere, 1995)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(x)\n- P69(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)\n- P69(x,y,z) ⇒ [P69(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . . "P79" . . "用于"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor to be disassociated from an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party.\nTypical scenarios include the termination of membership in a social organisation, ending the employment at a company, divorce, and the end of tenure of somebody in an official position.\n\nExamples:\n- the end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (Gleick, 2003)\n- George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (Jones, 1979)\n- the implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland’s membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E86(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . "E3 État matériel"@fr . "hat Einheit"@de . "έχει ή είχε μέλος"@el . "P44 有状况"@zh . "is incorporated in"@en . "a eu lieu dans"@fr . "P82 at some time within"@en . "P96 pela mãe"@pt . "Inscription"@fr . . "P11 had participant"@en . . . . . "Typuserfindung"@de . "hat Bestandteil"@de . "Προσθήκη Μερών"@el . "added"@en . "veränderte"@de . "πέθανε σε"@el . . "This class comprises actions that affect the handling, meaning and function of instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) before they have been removed from the economic cycle and entered into a collection or a museum context (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation).\n\nExamples:\n- The use of the Behaim globe as a representational object while it was on display in Nuremberg City Hall\n- The use of the Idia ivory pendant as a protective object during ceremonies in the Kingdom of Benin"@en . "P34i was assessed by"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the actions of classifying items of whatever kind. Such items include objects, specimens, people, actions, and concepts. \nThis class allows for the documentation of the context of classification acts in cases where the value of the classification depends on the personal opinion of the classifier, and the date that the classification was made. This class also encompasses the notion of “determination,” i.e. the systematic and molecular identification of a specimen in biology.\n\nExamples:\n- the first classification of object GE34604 as Lamentation cloth at the Museum Benaki, Athens\n- the determination of a cactus in Martin Doerr’s garden as Cereus hildmannianus K.Schum., July 2003\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E17(x) ⇒ E13(x)\n"@en . "P195" . . . "P48 有优选标识符"@zh . "E9 Déplacement"@fr . "Διάλυση Ομάδας"@el . "являлся местом для"@ru . "Group"@en . "was assigned by"@en . "Unité de mesure"@fr . "continued"@en . "有关"@zh . "E24 Chose matérielle élaborée par l’humain"@fr . "Событие Изменения"@ru . . "verminderte"@de . "P56 φέρει μόρφωμα"@el . "P186i est produit par"@fr . "P113 removeu"@pt . "P40i foi verificada durante"@pt . "P34 a porté sur"@fr . "wurde benutzt in"@de . "P9 comprend"@fr . . "имеет текущее постоянное местоположение"@ru . . "Receivement of Custody"@en . "P2 有类型"@zh . "ObjectType Assignment"@en . "représente"@fr . . "P73i é tradução de"@pt . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E16 Measurement with the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it acted. The instance of E16 Measurement is specific to the measured object. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be measured more than once with different results, constituting different instances of E16 Measurement.\n\nExamples:\n- The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) measured silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n- The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) measured the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E22). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also, E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P39(x,y) ⇒ E16(x) \n- P39(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P39(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E74 Group of which an instance of E39 Actor becomes a member through an instance of E85 Joining.\nAlthough a joining activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which becoming member of one Group implies becoming member of another Group as well. \nJoining events allow for describing people becoming members of a group with a more detailed path from E74 Group through, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of).\nThe property P144.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined with the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined with the office of Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (E74) kind of member President (E55). (Galeotti, 1997)\n- The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined with EU (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P144(x,y) ⇒ E85(x)\n- P144(x,y)⇒ E74(y) \n- P144(x,y,z) ⇒ [P144(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P144(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "P82 a eu lieu durant"@fr . "Coisa"@pt . . "P135" . . "a déplacé depuis"@fr . "ήταν χρήση του/της"@el . "Diese Klasse umfasst Begriffe, die die Systematik einer Sammlung beschreiben. Diese können bei historischen Sammlungen z. B. aus Inventaren oder Sammlungsbeschreibungen abgeleitet werden. Auch umfasst diese Klasse Systematiken, die in gegenwärtigen Sammlungen vorzufinden sind.\n\nz.B. \n- Geschnitzte und gedrechselte Kunstsachen\n- Naturalien\n- Europäisches Kunsthandwerk des 19. Jahrhunderts"@de . . "описан посредством"@ru . "использовался в"@ru . "a été retiré par"@fr . "E42 Identifier"@en . "E80 Teilentfernung"@de . . "P161 a pour projection spatiale"@fr . "P184i se termine au moment de ou après la fin de"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the relationship between a preparatory activity, an instance of E7 Activity and the instance of E5 Event that it is intended as a preparation for.\nThis includes activities, orders and other organisational actions, taken in preparation for other activities or events. \nP20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) implies that the activity succeeded in achieving its aim. If it does not succeed, such as the setting of a trap that did not catch anything, the unrealized intention should be documented using P21 had general purpose (was purpose of): E55 Type and/or P33 used specific technique (was used by): E29 Design or Procedure.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Van Eyck’s pigment grinding in 1432 (E7) had specific purpose the painting of the Ghent altar piece (E12). (Borchert, 2008)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P20(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P20(x,y) ⇒ E5(y)\n"@en . "hat früheren oder derzeitigen Standort"@de . "Materialzuweisung"@de . "被用于"@zh . "P43i est la dimension de"@fr . "展示可视项"@zh . "use foreseen by"@en . "имеет единицу"@ru . "atribuiu"@pt . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(start) is true.\nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets}.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_09.png\n\n\nFigure 16: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_10.png\n\n\nFigure 17: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- Lerna III (E4) ends before or with the start of Lerna IV (E4). [“The site at Lerna probably was not left uninhabited for long after the destruction of the House of the Tiles and the raising of the tumulus. If there was a gap corresponding to the earliest stage of EH III in the Argolid, as has been suggested by some (see, e.g., Manning 1995: 55–60), it was a brief one. In Rutter’s view, the short life of the Fourth Settlement began ca. 2200/2150 b.c. and ended ca. 2050/2000 b.c.”] (Banks & Reese, 2013)\n- The use of LH I graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4) ends before or with the start of LH III phase of reuse of the graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4). [“…a possible hiatus in the occupation of certain sites such as the settlement of Krisa in Phocis, which was well occupied in the MH and LHIII periods. LHIIB pottery from this settlement has already been identified, but no certain example of LHIIA pottery.”] (Phialon 2018)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ P176(x,y)\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ P185(x,y)\n- [P182(x,y) ⋀ P182(y,z) ⇒ P182(x,z)]\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ ¬P182(y,x)\n"@en . . . . "P23i παρέδωσε τον τίτλο μέσω"@el . . "παριστάνεται από"@el . "P59i βρίσκεται σε ή εντός"@el . . "P35i a été identifié par"@fr . "a été la raison d'être de"@fr . "a employé"@fr . . "Corporate Body Type"@en . "wurde entfernt durch"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance(s) of E33 Linguistic Object with an instance of E56 Language in which it is, at least partially, expressed. \nLinguistic Objects are composed in one or more human languages. This property allows these languages to be documented.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The United States Declaration of Independence (E33) has language 18(th) Century English (E56). (Perley, 2017)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P72(x,y) ⇒ E33(x)\n- P72(x,y) ⇒ E56(y)\n"@en . "E89 Aussagenobjekt"@de . "est composé de"@fr . "P16i" . . "documenta"@pt . "bildet ab"@de . "P186 produced thing of product type"@en . "Quantification: one to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property relates one instance of E18 Physical Thing which acts as a container or support to a supported or contained instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typical examples of E18 Physical Things which are intended to function as a container or support include shelves, folders or boxes. These containers or supports provide a stable surface which is intended for other physical objects to be placed upon for storage, display, transport or other similar functions.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of, to E18 Physical Thing. It is not a sub-property of P46 is composed of, as the held or supported object is not a component of the container or support.\nThis property can be used to avoid explicitly instantiating the E53 Place which is defined by an instance of E18 Physical Thing, especially when the only intended use of that instance of E18 Physical Thing is to act as a container or surface for the storage of other instances of E18 Physical Thing. The place’s existence is defined by the existence of the container or surface, and will go out of existence at the same time as the destruction of the container or surface. \nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- Archival folder “6” (E22) holds or supports the piece of paper carrying the text of a letter from Lawrence Alloway to Sylvia Sleigh (E22).\n- [ http://archives2.getty.edu:8082/xtf/view?docId=ead/2003.M.46/2003.M.46.xml;chunk.id=aspace_ref12_kf7;brand=default]\n- Archival folder \"17\" (E22) holds or supports the daguerreotype that shows the image of Henry Ward Beecher as a young man (E22).\n- [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266]\n- Box \"88\" (E22) holds or supports folder \"17\" (E22). [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266] \n- Bookshelf “GRI-708.1” (E22) holds or supports the book entitled “Catalog of Paintings in the J. Paul Getty Museum” (E22). (Potts, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(y,z)] ⇒ P198(x,z)\n- [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(z,y)] ⇒ [P198(x,z) ˅ P198(z,x)]\n- P198(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)]\n- P198(x,y) ⇒ ¬P198(y,x)\n"@en . "E36 Item Visual"@pt . "P33 a mobilisé comme technique spécifique"@fr . "E13 Απόδοση Ιδιοτήτων"@el . "ergab"@de . "P109 有当前或以往管理者"@zh . "E28 Conceptual Object"@en . "a couvert"@fr . "P16 used specific object"@en . "P98i" . . "ist zusammengesetzt aus"@de . "Γλωσσικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "P9 consists of"@en . "E90 Symbolic Object"@en . "P51i является бывшим или текущим владельцем для"@ru . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added to (augmented) in an instance of E79 Part Addition.\nAlthough an instance of E79 Part Addition event normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be added to (augmented). For example, the artist Jackson Pollock trailing paint onto multiple canvasses.\n\nExamples:\n- The final nail-insertion Event (E79) augmented Coffin of George VI (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state)\n- The attachment of the bronze hand of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E79) augmented the tree of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E20). [https://giuseppepenone.com/en/words/maritime-alps] (Mangini, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P110(x,y) ⇒ E79(x)\n- P110(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P110(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)\n"@en . "P55i est actuellement la localisation de"@fr . "P160 has temporal projection"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies a destination, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move. \nA move will be linked to a destination, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many terminal instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes a distribution of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s).\nTherefore, the described destination is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved to the Saatchi Gallery London (E53).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P26(x,y) ⇒ E9(x)\n- P26(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) \n- P26(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]\n"@en . "δημιουργήθηκε από"@el . "φέρει μόρφωμα"@el . "P138i παριστάνεται από"@el . "P59i" . "был измерен посредством"@ru . "Atribuição de Tipo"@pt . "est l’actant propriétaire actuel ou antérieur de"@fr . . "has language"@en . . "ends with or after the end of"@en . "identifies"@en . "Audiodatei"@de . "P54 έχει μόνιμη θέση"@el . "was death of"@en . "опека передана через"@ru . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an instance of E53 Place as the former or current location of an instance of E18 Physical Thing.\nIn the case of instances of E19 Physical Object, the property does not allow any indication of the Time-Span during which the instance of E19 Physical Object was located at this instance of E53 Place, nor if this is the current location.\nIn the case of immobile objects, the Place would normally correspond to the Place of creation.\nThis property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path from E19 Physical Object, though, P25i moved by, E9 Move, P26 moved to or P27 moved from to E53 Place.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has former or current location Display Case 4, Room 23, Museum of Oxford (E53). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P53(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P53(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P53(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E9(z) ˄ P25i(x,z) ˄ [P26(z,y) ˅ P27(z,y)]]\n"@en . "P25i" . "was use of"@en . . . "είναι αναγνωριστικό"@el . "P34 αφορούσε σε"@el . "έχει προτιμώμενο αναγνωριστικό"@el . "motivated"@en . . "foi atribuído por"@pt . "创建类型"@zh . "P16i wurde benutzt für"@de . "P95 已经组成"@zh . "P67i wird angeführt von"@de . "P59i 位于"@zh . "P90a has lower value limit"@en . "hat Übersetzung"@de . "Actor"@en . "P121 overlaps with"@en . . "被影响"@zh . . "Dissolution"@en . "P151i" . . "P145i wurde entlassen durch"@de . "used general technique"@en . . "有标识"@zh . "P54 é localizado permanentemente em"@pt . "P75i принадлежит"@ru . "Zerstörung"@de . "E19 Physical Object"@en . "has current owner"@en . . . "a assigné"@fr . "P113" . "Zeitzuweisung"@de . . "P35 έχει διαπιστώσει"@el . "P17 was motivated by"@en . . "находится на или внутри"@ru . "P42i" . "P14 执行者是"@zh . "a transféré le titre de propriété à"@fr . . "P182i commence après ou au moment de la fin de"@fr . "This class contains documents that define a terminology or conceptual system for consistent use.\n\nExamples: \n- The Joint Standards File of the German National Library (GND)\n- The Getty Art and Architecture Thesaurus (AAT)"@en . . "P39 a mesuré"@fr . "P143i 被加入"@zh . "P27 перемещен из"@ru . "P45 consiste de"@pt . "P81b begin of the end"@en . "被去除"@zh . . . "P43 has dimension"@en . "brought into existence"@en . "P19i έγινε για"@el . "Akzession"@de . "P140i получил атрибут посредством"@ru . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an instance of E19 Physical Object that was moved by an instance of E9 Move. A move must concern at least one object.\nThe property implies the object’s passive participation. For example, Monet’s painting “Impression sunrise” was moved for the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874.\n\nExamples:\n- Monet´s “Impression sunrise” (E22) moved by preparations for the First Impressionist Exhibition (E9).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P25(x,y) ⇒ E9(x)\n- P25(x,y) ⇒ E19(y)\n- P25(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "P26i era destinação de"@pt . "μετεβίβασε τον τίτλο σε"@el . "P89 está contido em"@pt . "έχει τομέα"@el . "P93 结束存在的是"@zh . "tem termo específico"@pt . . "P148 has component"@en . "P182 se termine avant ou au moment du début de"@fr . "είναι τίτλος του/της"@el . "присутствовал при"@ru . "P17i a motivé"@fr . . "E74 Grupo"@pt . "moved from"@en . "P91i é unidade de"@pt . "P125i был типом объекта использованного в"@ru . . "assigned"@en . . "P81a τέλος της αρχής"@el . "acquired title through"@en . "P93i wurde seiner Existenz beraubt durch"@de . "é da língua"@pt . . . "P44 tem estado material"@pt . "consists of"@en . "P73i является переводом"@ru . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises all things in the universe of discourse of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. \nIt is an abstract concept providing for three general properties:\n- Identification by name or appellation, and in particular by a preferred identifier\n- Classification by type, allowing further refinement of the specific subclass to which an instance belongs \n- Attachment of free text and other unstructured data for the expression of anything not captured by formal properties\nAll other classes within the CIDOC CRM are directly or indirectly specialisations of E1 CRM Entity.\n\nExamples:\n- the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5) (Chester, 2001)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E1(x)\n"@en . "P165i" . "has contact point"@en . "P100" . "涉及"@zh . "P130i" . "Unidade de Medida"@pt . "E41 Appellation"@fr . "P52i is current owner of"@en . "P109 has current or former curator"@en . "P169i" . "Μονάδα Μέτρησης"@el . "reside ou residiu em"@pt . "有题名"@zh . "有交替形式"@zh . "αρχή της αρχής"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property relates one instance of E18 Physical Thing which acts as a container or support to a supported or contained instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typical examples of E18 Physical Things which are intended to function as a container or support include shelves, folders or boxes. These containers or supports provide a stable surface which is intended for other physical objects to be placed upon for storage, display, transport or other similar functions.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of, to E18 Physical Thing. It is not a sub-property of P46 is composed of, as the held or supported object is not a component of the container or support.\nThis property can be used to avoid explicitly instantiating the E53 Place which is defined by an instance of E18 Physical Thing, especially when the only intended use of that instance of E18 Physical Thing is to act as a container or surface for the storage of other instances of E18 Physical Thing. The place’s existence is defined by the existence of the container or surface, and will go out of existence at the same time as the destruction of the container or surface. \nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Archival folder “6” (E22) holds or supports the piece of paper carrying the text of a letter from Lawrence Alloway to Sylvia Sleigh (E22).\n- [ http://archives2.getty.edu:8082/xtf/view?docId=ead/2003.M.46/2003.M.46.xml;chunk.id=aspace_ref12_kf7;brand=default]\n- Archival folder \"17\" (E22) holds or supports the daguerreotype that shows the image of Henry Ward Beecher as a young man (E22).\n- [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266]\n- Box \"88\" (E22) holds or supports folder \"17\" (E22). [ https://archives.yale.edu/repositories/12/archival_objects/1402266] \n- Bookshelf “GRI-708.1” (E22) holds or supports the book entitled “Catalog of Paintings in the J. Paul Getty Museum” (E22). (Potts, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P198(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(y,z)] ⇒ P198(x,z)\n- [P198(x,y) ∧ P198(z,y)] ⇒ [P198(x,z) ˅ P198(z,x)]\n- P198(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)]\n- P198(x,y) ⇒ ¬P198(y,x)\n"@en . "обычно используется посредством"@ru . "trat Besitztitel ab in"@de . "P76i provides access to"@en . "This class is used to document statements about the Object_Type of instances of the class Object based on instances of the class Source Content."@en . "是为了"@zh . "P102" . "E11 Modification"@en . "E20 Биологический Объект"@ru . "P37i" . "Persistent Item"@en . "P92i wurde in Existenz gebracht durch"@de . "P141 wies zu"@de . . . . "P93 beendete die Existenz von"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E65 Creation to the instance of E28 Conceptual Object created by it. \nIt represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The composition of “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E65) has created “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E33). (Milne, 2012)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P94(x,y) ⇒ E65(x)\n- P94(x,y) ⇒ E28(y) \n- P94(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "P28i παρέδωσε κατοχή μέσω"@el . . "ends after or with the start of"@en . . "E13 Присвоение Атрибута"@ru . "ήταν τεχνική του/της"@el . "E42" . "P136 基于"@zh . "P82a начать с начала"@ru . "a fait adhérer à"@fr . "P161i is spatial projection of"@en . "Instanzen der Klasse Ikonografisches Motiv umfassen Motive oder Symbole, die auf Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) angebracht sind, und im Kontext von ikonografischen Zuweisungen (nfdi4objects:Iconography_Assignment) zugewiesen oder gedeutet werden. Die ikonografische Beschreibung bzw. die Zuweisung ikonografischer Motive ist eine Methode der Kunstgeschichte. Die Zuweisung ikonografischer Motive erfolgt in der Regel im Kontext von Forschungsprojekten (nfdi4objects:Research_Activity) oder bei der Objektdokumentation (nfdi4objects:Object_Documentation).\nAls Normdatei (nfdi4objects:Authorityfile) zur standardisierten Referenzierung der jeweiligen ikonografischen Motive wird in der Regel Iconclass oder Getty Iconography Authority verwendet.\n\n\nBeispiel:\nDas Motiv des Heiligen Georg, das der Statue \"Der Große Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm als heiliger Georg\" zugrunde liegt, die sich heute unter der Inventarnummer 856 in der Skulpturensammlung und Museum für Byzantinische Kunst der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin befindet."@de . . "E18 Физическая Вещь"@ru . . "P110 увеличил"@ru . "P31i 被更改"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis is a high-level property, which captures the relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and anything, that is, an instance of E1 CRM Entity, that may have had some bearing upon it.\nThe property has more specific subproperties.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The designing of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (E7) was influenced by the Tyne Bridge (E22). (Dorman Long, 1932)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P15(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P15(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n"@en . "P173" . "передал право собственности"@ru . "P7i witnessed"@en . "P5i fait partie de"@fr . "P105 right held by"@en . "E1" . "This class describes the assignment of a time span (crm:E52_Time_Span) in the context of an event (crm:E5_Event). Specific dates can be assigned, or just nominal designations.\n\nExample:\n- The assignment of the time period 1492-1494 for the event of the manufacture of the Behaim Globe.\n- The assignment of the year 1847 as the year of manufacture of the facsimile of the Behaim Globe for the Bibliothéque National de France."@en . "changed ownership through"@en . . "Право"@ru . . "P91" . "suportou a criação de tipo"@pt . . "Projeto ou Procedimento"@pt . "P177" . "P104 est soumis à"@fr . "E41 Benennung"@de . . "Begrifflicher Gegenstand"@de . . . "se superpose partiellement à"@fr . . "Kulturelle Handlung"@de . "ist Bestandteil von"@de . "início é qualificado por"@pt . . "P70i é documentado em"@pt . . "E19 Objeto Material"@pt . "包括"@zh . "P124 转变了"@zh . . "a participé à"@fr . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E55 Type, which is created in an instance of E83 Type Creation activity.\n\nExamples:\n- The description of a new ribbon worm species by Bürger (E83) created type ‘Lineus kennelii’ (E55). (Bürger, 1892)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P135(x,y) ⇒ E83(x)\n- P135(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P135(x,y) ⇒ P94(x,y)\n"@en . "предоставляет доступ к"@ru . "生产"@zh . "P59i befindet sich auf oder in"@de . "移自"@zh . "E70 Πράγμα"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises identifiable symbols and any aggregation of symbols, such as characters, identifiers, traffic signs, emblems, texts, data sets, images, musical scores, multimedia objects, computer program code, or mathematical formulae that have an objectively recognizable structure and that are documented as single units.\nIt includes sets of signs of any nature, which may serve to designate something, or to communicate some propositional content. An instance of E90 Symbolic Object may or may not have a specific meaning, for example an arbitrary character string.\nIn some cases, the content of an instance of E90 Symbolic Object may completely be represented by a serialized digital content model, such as a sequence of ASCII-encoded characters, an XML or HTML document, or a TIFF image. The property P3 has note and its subproperty P190 has symbolic content allow for the description of this content model. In order to disambiguate which symbolic level is the carrier of the meaning, the property P3.1 has type can be used to specify the encoding (e.g. “bit”, “Latin character”, RGB pixel).\n\nExamples:\n- ‘ecognizabl’\n- the “no-smoking” sign (E36)\n- “BM000038850.JPG” (E41) [identifies a digital image] (Natural History Museum, 2021)\n- image BM000038850.JPG from the Clayton Herbarium in London (E36) [depicts specimen of Verbesina virginica] (Natural History Museum, 2021)\n- the distribution of form, tone and colour found on Leonardo da Vinci’s painting named “Mona Lisa” in daylight (E36)\n- the Italian text of Dante’s “Divina Commedia” as found in the authoritative critical edition “La Commedia secondo l’antica vulgata a cura di Giorgio Petrocchi” (E33) (Petrocchi, 1967)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E90(x) ⇒ E28(x)\n- E90(x) ⇒ E72(x)\n"@en . "was transformed by"@en . "P16 benutzte das bestimmte Objekt"@de . . "был пунктом назначения для"@ru . . "est le sujet de"@fr . "P81 andauernd während"@de . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property documents an instance of E36 Visual Item shown by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\nThis property is similar to P62 depicts (is depicted by) in that it associates an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing with a visual representation. However, P65 shows visual item (is shown by) differs from the P62 depicts (is depicted by) property in that it makes no claims about what the instance of E36 Visual Item is deemed to represent. An instance of E36 Visual Item identifies a recognisable image or visual symbol, regardless of what this image may or may not represent.\nFor example, all recent British coins bear a portrait of Queen Elizabeth II, a fact that is correctly documented using P62 depicts (is depicted by). Different portraits have been used at different periods, however. P65 shows visual item (is shown by) can be used to refer to a particular portrait.\nP65 shows visual item (is shown by) may also be used for Visual Items such as signs, marks and symbols, for example the 'Maltese Cross' or the 'copyright symbol’ that have no particular representational content. \nThis property is part of the fully developed path E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity which is shortcut by, P62 depicts (is depicted by).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- My T-Shirt (E22) shows visual item Mona Lisa (E36). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P65(x,y) ⇒ E24(x)\n- P65(x,y) ⇒ E36(y) \n- P65(x,y) ⇒ P128(x,y)\n"@en . "ist derzeitiger oder früherer Kurator von"@de . "nécessite l'outil"@fr . "被用于"@zh . . "was currency of"@en . "abrange no mínimo"@pt . "Collection"@fr . . "vorgesehen für Gebrauch durch defined"@de . "Merkmale auch auf"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises quantifiable properties that can be measured by some calibrated means and can be approximated by values, i.e. points or regions in a mathematical or conceptual space, such as natural or real numbers, RGB values, etc.\nAn instance of E54 Dimension represents the empirical or theoretically derived quantity, including the precision tolerances resulting from the particular method or calculation. The identity of an instance of E54 Dimension depends on the method of its determination because each method may produce different values even when determining comparable qualities. For instance, the wingspan of a bird alive or dead is a different dimension. Thermoluminescence dating and Rehydroxylation [RHX] dating are different dimensions of temporal distance from now, even if they aim at dating the same object. The method of determination should be expressed using the property P2 has type (is type of). Note that simple terms such as “diameter” or “length” are normally insufficient to unambiguously describe a respective dimension. In contrast, “maximum linear extent” may be sufficient.\nThe properties of the class E54 Dimension allow for expressing the numerical approximation of the values of instances of E54 Dimension adequate to the precision of the applied method of determination. If the respective quantity belongs to a non-discrete space according to the laws of physics, such as spatial distances, it is recommended to record them as approximations by intervals or regions of indeterminacy enclosing the assumed true values. For instance, a length of 5 cm may be recorded as 4.5-5.5 cm, according to the precision of the respective observation. Note, that comparability of values described in different units depends critically on the representation as value regions.\nNumerical approximations in archaic instances of E58 Measurement Unit used in historical records should be preserved. Equivalents corresponding to current knowledge should be recorded as additional instances of E54 Dimension, as appropriate.\n\nExamples:\n- the weight of the Luxor Obelisk [250 metric tons]\n- the vertical height of the statue of David by Michelangelo [5.17 metres]\n- the weight of the Great Star of Africa diamond [530.2 carats]\n- the calibrated C14 date for the Shroud of Turin [AD1262-1312, 1303-1384]\n- the horizontal diameter of the Stonehenge Sarsen Circle [33 metres] (Pryor, 2016)\n- the length of the sides of the Great Pyramid at Giza [230.34 metres] (Lehner and Hawass, 2017)\n- the duration of the time-span of the Battle of Issos/Issus on 15(th) November 333 B.C.E. [less than 12 hours] (Howard, 2012)\n- Christie’s hammer price, in British Pounds, for Vincent van Gogh's \"Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers\" in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) [24.75 million GBP (British Pounds)]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E54(x) ⇒ E1(x)\n"@en . . "имеет временной отрезок"@ru . "P2 έχει τύπο"@el . "Проект или Процедура"@ru . "P31 has modified"@en . "P8i witnessed"@en . "P75 besitzt"@de . . "P102i является заголовком для"@ru . "P152i is parent of"@en . "P2i é o tipo de"@pt . . . "является текущим владельцем для"@ru . "P112 diminuiu"@pt . "ακύρωσε"@el . "P33 benutzte das bestimmte Verfahren"@de . "é ou foi guardada por"@pt . "P89 falls within"@en . . "P82b fim do fim"@pt . "已出现"@zh . . "P14" . "E83" . . "P136 was based on"@en . "Museum or Collection Affiliation"@en . "P123i resultado de"@pt . . "P166" . "E18 Materielles"@de . "P73i είναι μετάφραση του/της"@el . . . . . "был применением для"@ru . "se trouve sur"@fr . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more other instances of E39 Actor. \nThe class also applies to the establishment or loss of ownership of instances of E18 Physical Thing. It does not, however, imply changes of any other kinds of rights. The recording of the donor and/or recipient is optional. It is possible that in an instance of E8 Acquisition there is either no donor or no recipient. Depending on the circumstances, it may describe:\n1. the beginning of ownership\n2. the end of ownership\n3. the transfer of ownership\n4. the acquisition from an unknown source\n5. the loss of title due to destruction of the item\nIt may also describe events where a collector appropriates legal title, for example, by annexation or field collection. The interpretation of the museum notion of “accession” differs between institutions. The CIDOC CRM therefore models legal ownership (E8 Acquisition) and physical custody (E10 Transfer of Custody) separately. Institutions will then model their specific notions of accession and deaccession as combinations of these.\n\nExamples:\n- the collection of a hammerhead shark, genus Sphyrna (Carchariniformes), by John Steinbeck and Edward Ricketts at Puerto Escondido in the Gulf of Mexico on 25(th) March 1940. (Steinbeck, 2000)\n- the acquisition of El Greco’s “The Apostles Peter and Paul” by the State Hermitage in Saint Petersburg. (https://hermitagemuseum.org/wps/portal/hermitage/digital-collection/01.+Paintings/32730)\n- the loss of my stuffed Fringilla coelebs due to insect damage last year (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E8(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . "This class comprises structuring geographical elements, esp. on earth's habitable surface. This includes man made and natural geographic features, like dwellings, counties, water ways, mountain (ranges), etc. Geographical places may be 3-dimensional and extend into space or earthen ground. (e.g. caves). Typically they can be referred to by gazetteers, e.g. GeoNames, and can be categorized by S24_Geographical_Unit.\n\nExamples:\n- Paris (just the geography, not the physical entity or administrative body! It may, however, be categorized as geographical unit \"dwelling\" or \"city\")\n- The Alps\n- Tethys"@en . "P147i was curated by"@en . "P123 είχε ως αποτέλεσμα"@el . "P29 a confié la garde par"@fr . "Καταστροφή"@el . "E64 Fin d’existence"@fr . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E55 Type with another instance of E55 Type that has a broader meaning. \nIt allows instances of E55 Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of “broader term generic (BTG)” as defined in ISO 25964-2:2013 (International Organization for Standardization 2013).\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- dime (E55) has broader term coin (E55). (Yerkes, 1989)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(x)\n- P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- [P127(x,y) ∧ P127(y,z)] ⇒ P127(x,z)\n- P127(x,y) ⇒ ¬P127(y,x)\n"@en . "is composed of"@en . "έχει διαπιστωθεί από"@el . "são detidos por"@pt . "a mobilisé l’objet spécifique"@fr . "P106 ist zusammengesetzt aus"@de . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (2,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E21 Person with another instance of E21 Person who plays the role of the first instance’s parent, regardless of whether the relationship is biological parenthood, assumed or pretended biological parenthood or an equivalent legal status of rights and obligations obtained by a social or legal act. \nThis property is, among others, a shortcut of the fully developed paths from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P96 by mother to E21 Person, and from E21 Person through P98i was born, E67 Birth, P97 from father to E21 Person.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- Gaius Octavius (E21) has parent Julius Caesar (E21). (Bleicken & Bell, 2015)\n- Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Joanne Simpson (E21). [Biological mother] (Isaacson, 2011)\n- Steve Jobs (E21) has parent Clara Jobs (E21). [Adoption mother] (Isaacson, 2011)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(x)\n- P152(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P96(z,y)]\n- P152(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E67(z) ˄ P98i(x,z) ˄ P97(z,y)]\n- ¬P152(x,x)\n"@en . . "E41 Designação"@pt . "besitzt"@de . . "a été transformé par"@fr . "P127i" . "παριστάνει"@el . "составлен из"@ru . . "P126 использовал"@ru . "P92i был создан посредством"@ru . "Forschungsaktivität"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E18 Physical Thing of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice) of the thing’s trajectory through spacetime. In other words, it describes where the instance of E18 Physical Thing was or moved around within a given time-span. Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence.\nThis property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P166 was a presence of (had presence) to E93 Presence.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was a presence of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (E21). (Wiencke, 1998)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P195(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P195(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P195(x,y) ⇔ (∃z)[E92(z) ∧ P166(z,x) ∧ P196i(z,y)]\n"@en . "χρησιμοποίησε αντικείμενο"@el . "P109i 是当前或以往管理者"@zh . "E13 Merkmalszuweisung"@de . "P173i" . "文献"@zh . . . "φέρεται από"@el . "P13i wurde zerstört durch"@de . "a été influencé par"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E29 Design or Procedure that completely determines the production of instances of E18 Physical Thing. The resulting instances of E18 Physical Thing are considered exemplars of this instance of E99 Product Type when the process specified is correctly executed. Note that the respective instance of E29 Design or Procedure may not necessarily be fixed in a written/graphical form, and may require the use of tools or models unique to the product type. The same instance of E99 Product Type may be associated with several variant plans.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) has production plan the production plans for Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E29). (Rieger, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P187(x,y) ⇒ E99(x)\n- P187(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)\n"@en . "είχε μητέρα"@el . "Datei"@de . . "χρησιμοποίησε γενική τεχνική"@el . "P191 had duration"@en . "测量单位"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property generalises the notions of “copy of” and “similar to” into a directed relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative or influenced item and the range the source or influencing item, if such a direction can be established. The property can also be used to express similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons. The property expresses a symmetric relationship in case no direction of influence can be established either from evidence on the item itself or from historical knowledge. This holds in particular for siblings of a derivation process from a common source or non-causal cultural parallels, such as some weaving patterns.\nThe P130.1 kind of similarity property of the P130 shows features of (features are also found on) property enables the relationship between the domain and the range to be further clarified, in the sense from domain to range, if applicable. For example, it may be expressed if both items are product “of the same mould”, or if two texts “contain identical paragraphs”. \nIf the reason for similarity is a sort of derivation process, i.e. that the creator has used or had in mind the form of a particular thing during the creation or production, this process should be explicitly modelled. In these cases, P130 shows features of can be regarded as a shortcut of such a process. However, the current model does not contain any path specific enough to infer this property. Specializations of the CIDOC CRM may however be more explicit, for instance describing the use of moulds etc.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Mary Lamb’s Cymbeline from Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare (E89) shows features of William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (E89). (Carrington, 1954)\n- The audio recording of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia read by Enrico de Negri (E73) shows features of the text of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia (E89). (Alighieri, 1956)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(x)\n- P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(y) \n- P130(x,y,z) ⇒ [P130(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- ¬P130(x,x)\n"@en . . "P21 имел общую цель"@ru . "Type Assignment"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume with another instance of E92 Spacetime Volume that falls within the latter. In other words, all points in the former are also points in the latter.\nThis property is transitive and reflexive.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Great Plague (E4) falls within The Gothic period (E4). (Porter, 2009)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P10(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P10(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y)\n- P10(x,y) ∧ P10(y,z)] ⇒ P10(x,z)\n- P10(x,x)\n"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E4 Period with another instance of E4 Period that is defined by a subset of the phenomena that define the former. Therefore, the spacetime volume of the latter must fall within the spacetime volume of the former.\nThis property is transitive and asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- Cretan Bronze Age (E4) consists of Middle Minoan (E4). (Hood, 1971)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ E4(y)\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ P10(y,x)\n- [P9(x,y) ∧ P9(y,z)] ⇒ P9(x,z)\n- P9(x,y) ⇒ ¬P9(y,x)\n"@en . "E29 Проект или Процедура"@ru . "E53 Место"@ru . "είναι μετάφραση του/της"@el . "P35i идентифицирован посредством"@ru . "P26 μετακινήθηκε προς"@el . "P9i bildet Teil von"@de . "P100i died in"@en . "wurde geboren durch"@de . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the dimension that was observed in an E16 Measurement Event.\nE54 Dimension can be any quantifiable aspect of E70 Thing. Weight, image colour depth and monetary value are dimensions in this sense. One measurement activity may determine more than one dimension of one object.\nDimensions may be determined either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the measured Thing does not need to be present or extant.\nEven though knowledge of the value of a dimension requires measurement, the dimension may be an object of discourse prior to, or even without, any measurement being made.\n\nExamples:\n- The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) observed dimension silver cup 232 height (E54). [which has unit mm (E58), has value 224 (E60)] (fictitious)\n- The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) observed dimension the carbon 14 based temporal distance from 1996 to the growth of the wood of the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E60). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niederachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also: E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P40(x,y) ⇒ E16(x)\n- P40(x,y)⇒ E54(y)\n- P40(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "is current or former curator of"@en . "P42i was assigned by"@en . "E85 加入"@zh . "P110i a été augmenté par"@fr . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E92 Spacetime Volume of which it represents a temporal restriction (i.e. a time-slice). Instantiating this property constitutes a necessary part of the identity of the respective instance of E93 Presence.\n\nExamples:\n- The Roman Empire on 19(th) August AD 14 (E93) was a presence of The Roman Empire (E4). (Clare and Edwards, 1992)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P166(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P166(x,y) ⇒ E92(y)\n- P166(x,y) ⇒ P10(x,y)\n"@en . . "Έγχρονη Οντότητα"@el . "является объектом для"@ru . "P43i is dimension of"@en . "war die Verwendung von"@de . "A location is a place that is used to locate things on a sub-geographical level. Other than\ngeographical places they may not have a place name and are not found in gazetteers like GeoNames, but are described/circumscribed, mostly by \"speaking titles\". A location may be specified by spatial coordinates, though.\nFor geographical reference, a location can be linked to the/a geographical place that it is in.\n\nExample:\n- An specific individual plant was found \"under the first oak tree to the left of the main gate\".\n- An object's location is on shelf \"XII-3\".\n- An object was found \"in the remnants of building X\". (where building X could be the surrounding geographical place."@en . "P105 право принадлежит"@ru . "a retiré l'assignation"@fr . "P38 retirou a atribuição do"@pt . "P167i" . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object makes a statement about an instance of E1 CRM Entity. P67 refers to (is referred to by) has the P67.1 has type link to an instance of E55 Type. This is intended to allow a more detailed description of the type of reference. This differs from P129 is about (is subject of), which describes the primary subject or subjects of the instance of E89 Propositional Object.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The eBay auction listing of 4(th) July 2002 (E73) refers to silver cup 232 (E22) has type item for sale (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P67(x,y) ⇒ E89(x)\n- P67(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P67(x,y,z) ⇒ [P67(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "опека получена"@ru . "P24 передал право собственности на"@ru . "P127i tem termo específico"@pt . "P40 a relevé comme dimension"@fr . "a pour terme général"@fr . . "transferred title to"@en . "E36" . . "E6 Καταστροφή"@el . "P68i" . "P113i αφαιρέθηκε από"@el . "P56i se trouve sur"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that becomes member of an instance of E74 Group in an instance of E85 Joining.\nJoining events allow for describing actors becoming members of a group with the more detailed path E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (E21). (Galeotti, 1997)\n- The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined Denmark (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P143(x,y) ⇒ E85(x)\n- P143(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P143(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "P191i was duration of"@en . . "P51i est l’actant propriétaire actuel ou antérieur de"@fr . "Objeto de Informação"@pt . "NB: crmgeo is not available on owl yet, so could not be used for nfdi4objects.owl"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the births of human beings. E67 Birth is a biological event focussing on the context of people coming into life. (E63 Beginning of Existence comprises the coming into life of any living being.) \nTwins, triplets, etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. The introduction of the E67 Birth event as a documentation element allows the description of a range of family relationships in a simple model. Suitable extensions may describe more details and the complexity of motherhood since the advent of modern medicine. In this model, the biological father is not seen as a necessary participant in the E67 Birth.\n\nExamples:\n- the birth of Alexander the Great (Stoneman, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E67(x) ⇒ E63(x)\n"@en . "场地"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises all signs, either meaningful or not, or arrangements of signs following a specific syntax, that are used or can be used to refer to and identify a specific instance of some class within a certain context.\nInstances of E41 Appellation do not identify things by their meaning, even if they happen to have one, but by convention, tradition, or agreement. Instances of E41 Appellation are cultural constructs; as such, they have a context, a history, and a use in time and space by some group of users. A given instance of E41 Appellation can have alternative forms, i.e. other instances of E41 Appellation that are regarded as equivalent, regardless of the thing it denotes.\nDifferent languages may use different appellations for the same thing, such as the names of major cities. Some appellations may be formulated using a valid noun phrase of a particular language. In these cases, the respective instances of E41 Appellation should also be declared as instances of E33 Linguistic Object. Then the language using the appellation can be declared with the property P72 has language: E56 Language.\nInstances of E41 Appellation may be used to identify any instance of E1 CRM Entity and sometimes are characteristic for instances of more specific subclasses of E1 CRM Entity, such as for instances of E52 Time-Span (for instance “dates”), E39 Actor, E53 Place or E28 Conceptual Object. Postal addresses and E-mail addresses are characteristic examples of identifiers used by services transporting things between clients.\nEven numerically expressed identifiers for extents in space or time are also regarded as instances of E41 Appellation, such as Gregorian dates or spatial coordinates, even though they allow for determining some time or location by a known procedure starting from a reference point and by virtue of that fact play a double role as instances of E59 Primitive Value.\nE41 Appellation should not be confused with the act of naming something. Cf. E15 Identifier Assignment.\n\nExamples:\n- “Martin”\n- “Aquae Sulis Minerva”\n- “the Merchant of Venice” (E35) (McCullough, 2005)\n- “Spigelia marilandica (L.) L.” [not the species, just the name] (Hershberger, Robacker and Jenkins, 2015)\n- “information science” [not the science itself, but the name used to refer to the subject matter in an English-speaking context]\n- “安” [Chinese “an”, meaning “peace”]\n- “6°5’29”N 45°12’13”W” [example of a spatial coordinate]\n- “Black queen’s bishop 4” [chess coordinate, example of an identifier in a conceptual space (E89)]\n- “19-MAR-1922” [example of date]\n- “+41 22 418 5571” [example of contact point]\n- “weasel@paveprime.com” [example of contact point]\n- “CH-1211, Genève” [example of place appellation]\n- “1-29-3 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 121, Japan” [example of a postal address]\n- “the poop deck of H.M.S Victory” [example of a section definition on a human-made object (E22)]\n- “the Venus de Milo’s left buttock” [example of a section definition on a human-made object (E22)]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E41(x) ⇒ E90(x)\n"@en . "P175 starts before or with the start of"@en . "E79 部分增加"@zh . "P109i é ou foi curador de"@pt . "E8 Acquisition"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E55 Type with another instance of E55 Type that has a broader meaning. \nIt allows instances of E55 Types to be organised into hierarchies. This is the sense of “broader term generic (BTG)” as defined in ISO 25964-2:2013 (International Organization for Standardization 2013).\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- dime (E55) has broader term coin (E55). (Yerkes, 1989)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(x)\n- P127(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- [P127(x,y) ∧ P127(y,z)] ⇒ P127(x,z)\n- P127(x,y) ⇒ ¬P127(y,x)\n"@en . "P49 has former or current keeper"@en . "наблюдался в"@ru . "P42i foi atribuído por"@pt . "P143 verband"@de . "Sprachlicher Gegenstand"@de . "P25i a été déplacé par"@fr . "E25 Human-Made Feature"@en . "was a presence of"@en . "概念对象"@zh . . "P48i ist bevorzugtes Kennzeichen für"@de . "目的是"@zh . "P143 加入"@zh . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically includes the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. Besides others, this property may be used to state in which space an object has been for some known time, such as a room of a castle or in a drawer. It may also be used to describe a confinement of the spatial extent of some realm during a known time-span. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P89 falls within (contains) to E53 Place.\n\nExamples:\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) was within Rome (E53). (Leppmann, 1970)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) was within Italy (E53). (Leppmann, 1970)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P167(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P167(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P167(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P161(x,z) ˄ P89(z,y)]\n"@en . "имеет контакт"@ru . . . "has former or current location"@en . "ήταν σκοπός του/της"@el . . "E54 Maß"@de . "est l’identifiant préférentiel de"@fr . "P90 tem valor"@pt . "P11 имел участника"@ru . "καταστράφηκε από"@el . "P9i αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . "E34 Επιγραφή"@el . "P102i 题名是"@zh . . . "P27i was origin of"@en . . "E54 Величина"@ru . . "P30i άλλαξε κατοχή μέσω"@el . "发生过"@zh . "P16i a été mobilisé pour"@fr . . "has upper value limit"@en . "executou"@pt . "P195 was a presence of"@en . "concerned"@en . "Diese Klasse umfasst die Arten von Quellen bzw. ihrer Inhalte Source Content, die aus der Funktion der Quelle bzw. der Intention, aus der sie angelegt wurden, abgeleitet sind, z.B.\n\n- Inventar\n- Verzeichnis\n- Katalog\n- Reisejournal\n- Museumsführer\n- Fotografie"@de . "has title"@en . . . "P156" . "é guardador de"@pt . "P71i is listed in"@en . "E27 Φυσικός Χώρος"@el . . "Production"@fr . "P44i είναι κατάσταση του"@el . "foi atribuído por"@pt . "This class is used to capture transcriptions of instances of the Source Content class."@en . "E26 Caractéristique physique"@fr . "Единица Измерения"@ru . . "P74i ist derzeitiger oder früherer Sitz von"@de . "Condition Assessment"@en . "P177 a assigné le type de propriété"@fr . "P107i é ou foi membro de"@pt . . "took out of existence"@en . . "E67 Рождение"@ru . "Ort"@de . "E14 Évaluation d’état matériel"@fr . . . "Grabung"@de . . . "分配属性于"@zh . "This class includes terms that describe the type of state of an object assigned in the context of instances of E3 Condition States, e.g.\n\n- good\n- broken\n- ruffled"@en . "P102i est le titre de"@fr . . "is dimension of"@en . "P56 несет признак"@ru . "P8 took place on or within"@en . . "被标识为"@zh . "P128 carries"@en . . "P38i ακυρώθηκε από"@el . "P4 发生时段是"@zh . . "é ou foi proprietário de"@pt . "a sa fin qualifiée par"@fr . "tem título"@pt . "P144 joined with"@en . "P10i" . "P26i was destination of"@en . "P71i est énuméré par"@fr . "P65 apresenta item visual"@pt . "P75 владеет"@ru . "P140" . "est approximé par"@fr . . "P113i was removed by"@en . . "έχει αριθμό μερών"@el . . . "έχει στενότερο όρο"@el . "使用通用技术"@zh . "Instances of these classes include actions performed on an object within a cultural context, usually after it has been removed from the ecological cycle and entered into a museum or collection context. In contrast to instances of the class “use” the cultural action describes a present context, while use refers to the originally intended purpose of use.\nCultural actions are meaning-generating events, such as awards or inclusion in national or international cultural heritage lists.\n\nExample:\n- the entry of Giraffatitan brancai in the Guinness Book of World Records\n- the designation of the Behaim Globe as a UNESCO World Heritage"@en . "This class includes terms that describe the systematics of a collection. For historical collections, these can be derived from inventories or collection descriptions, for example. Also, this class includes systematics found in contemporary collections.\n\nE.g. \n- Carved and turned art objects\n- Naturalia\n- European arts and crafts of the 19th century"@en . . . . "P187i est le plan de production de"@fr . "identificou"@pt . . "P49 有以往或当前保管者"@zh . "E8 Aquisição"@pt . "P103i 目的是"@zh . "time is defined by"@en . "сменил владельца через"@ru . "P52 έχει ιδιοκτήτη"@el . . "P32 использовал общую технику"@ru . "wurde hergestellt durch"@de . "é ou foi localizada em"@pt . . "wurde beeinflußt durch"@de . "имеет действующего или бывшего хранителя"@ru . "E89" . "transferiu os direitos de propriedade sobre o"@pt . . "διέλυσε"@el . "物质对象"@zh . . "deixou de existir"@pt . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records an instance of E54 Dimension of some instance of E70 Thing.\nIn the case that the recorded property is a result of a measurement of an instance of E18 Physical Thing, this property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P39i was measured by, E16 Measurement, P40 observed dimension to E54 Dimension. \nIt offers no information about how and when an E54 Dimension was established, nor by whom. Knowledge about an instance of E54 Dimension need not be the result of a measurement; it may be the result of evaluating data or other information, which should be documented as an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment. \nAn instance of E54 Dimension is specific to an instance of E70 Thing.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has dimension height of silver cup 232 (E54). [which has unit (P91) mm (E58), has value (P90) 224 (E60)] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P43(x,y) ⇒ E70(x)\n- P43(x,y) ⇒ E54(y)\n- P43(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E16(z) ˄ P39i(x,z) ˄ P40(z,y)]\n"@en . "P102i" . . . "Daseinsende"@de . . "P129 有关"@zh . "P90a" . "wurde zugewiesen durch"@de . "加入"@zh . "P55i в данный момент содержит"@ru . . . . "P20i 是为了"@zh . "P79 αρχή προσδιορίζεται από"@el . "P129 handelt über"@de . . "has preferred identifier"@en . "P123 a eu pour résultat"@fr . "Θάνατος"@el . "P20 είχε συγκεκριμένο σκοπό"@el . "P174" . "έχει ή είχε επιμελητή"@el . . "foi pai para"@pt . "Type"@en . "é sobre"@pt . "P55 в данный момент находится в"@ru . "P140 присвоил атрибут для"@ru . "содержится в"@ru . "witnessed"@en . . "содержит"@ru . "P126i wurde verwendet bei"@de . "a influencé"@fr . "E33_E41" . "P104i 适用于"@zh . . "E52 Zeitspanne"@de . "P51i" . "E89 Objet propositionnel"@fr . "P108i был произведен посредством"@ru . "beobachtete Dimension"@de . "P27 locomoveu de"@pt . "P27i a été le point de départ de"@fr . . . "P48i 是优选标识符"@zh . "Απόδοση Τύπου"@el . "έχει γλώσσα"@el . "P49i κατέχει ή κατείχε"@el . . "P41 classificou"@pt . "P86i contient"@fr . "at some place within"@en . . "Diese Klasse beschreibt den Prozess der Bewegung von Instanzen der Klasse E19 Physisches Objekt weg vom Ausgangspunkt von Instanzen der Klasse E53 Place, wobei letztere über Instanzen der Klasse \"Ortszuweisung\" zugewiesen werden. In Kombination mit Instanzen der Klasse \"Bewegung nach\" ergibt sich eine detaillierte Gesamtdarstellung der Zuweisung von Objektbewegungen."@de . "P110i was augmented by"@en . . . "P19i was made for"@en . "Событие Измерения"@ru . "Sammlungssystematik"@de . "P9i fait partie de"@fr . "P94 已创建了"@zh . . . . . "E2 Temporal Entity"@en . "P130 παρουσιάζει χαρακτηριστικά του/της"@el . "有当前保管者"@zh . "a été mesuré par"@fr . "Geographical Place"@en . "is current or former residence of"@en . "P122 est limitrophe de"@fr . "gained member by"@en . "P24 转移所有权的是"@zh . . "Dimensão"@pt . "P190 has symbolic content"@en . "P94 создал"@ru . "P110 增强了"@zh . . "hat Anmerkung"@de . "E58 Measurement Unit"@en . . "se termine avant la fin de"@fr . "This class classifies all types of possession or ownership acquisition that describe the acquisition (crm:E8_Acquisition) of an instance of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) into a collection (crm:E78_Curated_Holding).\n\nExamples: \n- donation\n- purchase\n- loan\n- foundation"@en . . "Δικαίωμα"@el . "P42 wies zu"@de . "benutzte Bestandteil"@de . "P124i μετατράπηκε από"@el . "E85 Adhésion"@fr . "P134i συνεχίστηκε από"@el . "P102 tem título"@pt . "a été assigné par"@fr . "P157i procure l’espace de référence pour"@fr . "Bewegung nach"@de . "是技术"@zh . "This class comprises activities in which instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) are documented. The object documentation represents an essential event within the museum/collection affiliation (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation) of an object. The object documentation includes the assignment of inventory numbers (crm:E15_Identifier_Assignment), the assignment of designations (nfdi4objects:Appellation_Assignment), the determination of measurements (crm:E16_Measurement), imaging procedures (nfdi4objects:Imaging_Procedure).\n\nExamples:\n- the assignment of the inventory number WI1826 to the Behaim Globe in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg\n- the production of 92 black and white glass plate negatives of the Behaim Globe in 1939 by the photographer Bruno Blum."@en . . . "Rezeption"@de . "составлен из"@ru . "is exemplified by"@en . "P109 hat derzeitigen oder früheren Kurator"@de . "E1 Οντότητα CIDOC CRM"@el . "失去成员"@zh . "has former or current owner"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises items that have persistent characteristics of structural nature substantially related to their identity and their integrity, sometimes known as “endurants” in philosophy. Persistent Items may be physical entities, such as people, animals or things, conceptual entities such as ideas, concepts, products of the imagination or even names. \nInstances of E77 Persistent Item may be present or be part of interactions in different periods or events. They can repeatedly be recognized at disparate occasions during their existence by characteristics of structural nature. The respective characteristics need not be exactly the same during all the existence of an instance of E77 Persistent Item. Often, they undergo gradual change, still bearing some similarities with that of previous times, or disappear completely and new emerge. For instance, a person, from the time of being born on, will gradually change all its features and acquire new ones, such as a scar. Even the DNA in different body cells will develop defects and mutations. Nevertheless, relevant characteristics used should be sufficiently similar to recognize the instance for some substantial period of time. \nThe more specific criteria that determine the identity of instances of subclasses of E77 Persistent Item may vary considerably and are described or referred to in the respective scope notes. The decision about which exact criteria to use depends on whether the observable behaviour of the respective part of reality such confined conforms to the reasoning the user is interested in. For example, a building can be regarded as no longer existing if it is dismantled and the materials reused in a different configuration. On the other hand, human beings go through radical and profound changes during their life-span, affecting both material composition and form, yet preserve their identity by other criteria, such as being bodily separated from other persons. Similarly, inanimate objects may be subject to exchange of parts and matter. On the opposite, the identity of a (version of a) text of a scientific publication is given by the exact arrangement of its relevant symbols. \nThe main classes of objects that fall outside the scope of the E77 Persistent Item class are temporal objects such as periods, events and acts, and descriptive properties. \nAn instance of E77 Persistent Item does not require actual knowledge of the identifying features of the instance being currently known. There may be cases, where the actual identifying features of an instance of E77 Persistent Item are not decidable at a particular state of knowledge.\n\nExamples:\n- Leonardo da Vinci (E21) (Strano, 1953)\n- Stonehenge (E24) (Pryor, 2016)\n- the hole in the ozone layer (E4) (Hufford and Horwitz, 2005)\n- the First Law of Thermodynamics (E89) (Craig and Gislason, 2002)\n- the Bermuda Triangle (E53) (Dolan, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E77(x) ⇒ E1(x)\n"@en . . "E68 Dissolution"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes a minimum spatial extent which is contained within an instance of E53 Place. Since instances of E53 Place may not have precisely known spatial extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about minimum spatial extents of instances of E53 Place. This property allows an instance of E53 Place’s minimum spatial extent (i.e., its inner boundary or a point being within a Place) to be assigned an instance of E94 Space Primitive value. \nThis property is a shortcut of the fully developed path from E53 Place, P89i contains, E53 Place, P168 place is defined by to E94 Space Primitive.\n\nExamples:\n- The spatial extent of the Acropolis of Athens (E53) contains POINT (37.971431 23.725947) (E94).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P172(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P172(x,y) ⇒ E94(y)\n- P172(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P89i(x,z) ˄ P168(z,y)]\n"@en . "P138 παριστάνει"@el . "wies zu"@de . . "P37i a été assigné par"@fr . "E16 Medição"@pt . "P17i ήταν αφορμή"@el . . "erläutert durch Beispiel"@de . "Diese Klasse umfasst materielle Hinterlassenschaften der Menschheits- und Umweltgeschichte, die von menschlicher Aktivität bewusst zum Bestand einer Sammlung (E78 Curated Holding) hinzugefügt wurden und von einem oder mehreren Akteuren (E39 Actor) kuratorisch betreut werden.\n\nBeispiele:\n\nDer Behaim Globus von 1492/94, der sich heute im Germanischen Nationalmuseum in Nürnberg befindet\nDer Stein von Rosette, der in der hellenistischen Zeit gemeißelt wurde, 1799 im Kontext napoleonischer Feldzüge geraubt und sich seit 1802 in der Sammlung des British Museum in London befindet"@de . "possui ponto de contato"@pt . . "P53" . "a fondé la création du type"@fr . "P106 αποτελείται από"@el . "E90 Objet symbolique"@fr . . "P144i erwarb Mitglied durch"@de . "E63 Αρχή Ύπαρξης"@el . "P10i contains"@en . . . "E26 物理特征"@zh . "记录在"@zh . "cessou a existência de"@pt . "P179 a eu pour prix de vente"@fr . "P74 имеет текущее или бывшее местожительства"@ru . "veio à vida pelo"@pt . . "de père"@fr . "Übertragung des Gewahrsams"@de . "diminuiu"@pt . "E35" . "Instances of this class describe the different types of the class “Findings,” e.g.\n\n- dendrochronological analysis\n- inscription with dating\n- construction technique"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that acquires the legal ownership of an object as a result of an instance of E8 Acquisition. \nThe property will typically describe an Actor purchasing or otherwise acquiring an object from another Actor. However, title may also be acquired without any corresponding loss of title by another Actor, through legal fieldwork such as hunting, shooting, or fishing.\nIn reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples:\n- The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title to the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P22(x,y) ⇒ E8(x)\n- P22(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P22(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . . . . "P129i is subject of"@en . . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes an intentional relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and some general goal or purpose, described as an instance of E55 Type. \nThis may involve activities intended as preparation for some type of activity or event. P21 had general purpose (was purpose of) differs from P20 had specific purpose (was purpose of in that no specific event is implied as the purpose.\n\nExamples:\n- Van Eyck’s pigment grinding (E7) had general purpose painting (E55). (Borchert, 2008)\n- The setting of trap 2742 on 17(th) May 1874 (E7) had general purpose catching moose (E55). [activity type] (fictitious)\n- The construction of the Berlin Wall starting 13(th) August 1961 (E12) had general purpose preventing emigration (E55). (History.com Editors, 2020)\n- The reinforcement of the Mexico-United States barrier between the United States of America and Mexico in Fall 2019 (E11) had general purpose preventing immigration (E55).\n- The rebuilding of the city walls of Heraklion by the Venetian rulers starting in 1462 (E12) had general purpose preventing conquest by enemy (E55). (YouIngGreece.com, 2020)\n- The building of the seawall in Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan between 2014 and 2020 (E12) had general purpose preventing inland flooding by tsunami (E55).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P21(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P21(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n"@en . "P92i 使导致存在"@zh . "E67 Birth"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies one or more instances of E1 CRM Entity that were used as evidence to declare a new instance of E55 Type.\nThe examination of these items is often the only objective way to understand the precise characteristics of a new type. Such items should be deposited in a museum or similar institution for that reason. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of each item to the type, such as “holotype” or “original element”.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The taxon creation of the plant species ‘Serratula glauca Linné, 1753.’ (E83) was based on Object BM000576251 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) in the taxonomic role original element (E55). (Blake, 1918)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P136(x,y) ⇒ E83(x)\n- P136(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P136(x,y,z) ⇒ [P136(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P136(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n"@en . "增强了"@zh . "P122 граничит с"@ru . "описывает"@ru . "P49i é ou foi guardador de"@pt . "P109i est responsable actuel ou antérieur de la collection"@fr . . "é ou foi propriedade de"@pt . "P33 使用特定技术"@zh . "P125 使用对象类型"@zh . . "已创建了"@zh . "уничтожил"@ru . . "P121 sobrepõe com"@pt . "brachte zur Welt"@de . . "classificou"@pt . . "P139i est la forme alternative de"@fr . "取消了"@zh . "P128 несет"@ru . "is documented in"@en . "είναι ή ήταν ιδιοκτήτης του/της"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E41 Appellation which a communication service uses to direct communications to this actor, such as an e-mail address, fax number, or postal address.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Research Libraries Group, Inc. (RLG) (E74) has contact point “bl.ric@rlg.org” (E41)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P76(x,y) ⇒ E39(x)\n- P76(x,y) ⇒ E41(y)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the largest volume in space, an instance of E53 Place, that an instance of E18 Physical Thing has occupied at any time during its existence, with respect to the reference space relative to the physical thing itself. This allows for describing the thing itself as a place that may contain other things, such as a box that may contain coins. In other words, it is the volume that contains all the points which the thing has covered at some time during its existence. The reference space for the associated place must be the one that is permanently at rest (P157 is at rest relative to) relative to the physical thing. For instances of E19 Physical Objects it is the one which is at rest relative to the object itself, i.e., which moves together with the object. For instances of E26 Physical Feature it is one which is at rest relative to the physical feature itself and the surrounding matter immediately connected to it. Therefore, there is a 1:1 relation between the instance E18 Physical Thing and the instance of E53 Place it occupies. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces. \nThis property implies the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place. However, in contrast to P156 occupies, the property P161 has spatial projection does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. \nIn contrast to P156 occupies, for the property P53 has former or current location the following holds: \nIt does not constrain the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place. \nIt identifies a possibly wider instance of E53 Place at which a thing is or has been for some unspecified time-span. \nIf the reference space of the referred instance of E53 Place is not at rest with respect to the physical thing found there, the physical thing may move away after some time to another place and/or may have been at some other place before. The same holds for the fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P196 defines, E92 Spacetime Volume, P161 has spatial projection to E53 Place.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Saint Titus reliquary (E22) occupies the space of the Saint Titus reliquary (E53). [The reliquary is currently kept in the Saint Titus Church in Heraklion, Crete since 1966 and contains the skull of Saint Titus.] (Fisher & Garvey, 2010)\n- Burg Eltz near Koblenz, Germany (E24) occupies the space within the 1661AD outer walls of Burg Eltz (E53). [The castle (English name: Eltz Castle) underwent a series of expansions starting in the 12(th) century until it reached its current extent in 1661AD and contains buildings from various periods.]\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P156(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P156(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P156(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E18(x) ∧ E53(y) ∧ P196(x,z) ∧ P161(z,y) ∧ P157(y,x)]\n"@en . "usou técnica específica"@pt . "P151i participated in"@en . "E29 Conceptualisation ou procédure"@fr . . . "接受属性"@zh . "P25i wurde bewegt durch"@de . "E7 Activity"@en . "επηρέασε"@el . "Состояние"@ru . "P100i morreu em"@pt . "P26i был пунктом назначения для"@ru . "a été l’usage prévu de"@fr . . . . "E70 Вещь"@ru . "a pour résidence actuelle ou antérieure"@fr . "Leaving"@en . "P139 tem forma alternativa"@pt . "P20 hatte den bestimmten Zweck"@de . "normalmente emprega"@pt . . . . "P1i identifies"@en . "P80" . "P113 удален"@ru . . . "απέδωσε"@el . "ends after the start of"@en . "E32 Document de référence"@fr . . "P69 est associé à"@fr . . "foi destruído por"@pt . "Mort"@fr . "E98 Currency"@en . "χρησιμοποίησε αντικείμενο τύπου"@el . "生育"@zh . "P169i volume spatio-temporel défini par"@fr . . "P32 usou técnica geral"@pt . "has lower value limit"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically overlaps with the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. A use case of this property is to state through which places an object or an instance of E21 Person has or was moved within a given time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P121 overlaps with, to E53 Place.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) covered parts of Paestum, Italy (E53). (Wiencke, 1998)\n- The Byzantine Empire 1013 AD (E93) covered parts of The Italian Peninsula (E53). (Browning, 1980)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P197(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P197(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . "P79 起始限定"@zh . . "起始限定"@zh . "fand statt auf oder innerhalb von"@de . "是当前或曾经居住地"@zh . . . . "P31i was modified by"@en . . "P11i a participé à"@fr . "P110i" . "se termine avant ou au moment de la fin de"@fr . "Begriffliche Schöpfung"@de . "προοριζόταν για"@el . "P55 a actuellement pour localisation"@fr . . . "P32i was technique of"@en . "P109 έχει ή είχε επιμελητή"@el . "P38i wurde aufgehoben durch"@de . "Reception"@de . "是当前或以往管理者"@zh . "P157 est à l’arrêt par rapport à"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(start) is true.\nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets}.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_09.png\n\n\nFigure 16: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_10.png\n\n\nFigure 17: Temporal entity A ends before or with the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Lerna III (E4) ends before or with the start of Lerna IV (E4). [“The site at Lerna probably was not left uninhabited for long after the destruction of the House of the Tiles and the raising of the tumulus. If there was a gap corresponding to the earliest stage of EH III in the Argolid, as has been suggested by some (see, e.g., Manning 1995: 55–60), it was a brief one. In Rutter’s view, the short life of the Fourth Settlement began ca. 2200/2150 b.c. and ended ca. 2050/2000 b.c.”] (Banks & Reese, 2013)\n- The use of LH I graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4) ends before or with the start of LH III phase of reuse of the graves of Krisa in Phocis (E4). [“…a possible hiatus in the occupation of certain sites such as the settlement of Krisa in Phocis, which was well occupied in the MH and LHIII periods. LHIIB pottery from this settlement has already been identified, but no certain example of LHIIA pottery.”] (Phialon 2018)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ P176(x,y)\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ P185(x,y)\n- [P182(x,y) ⋀ P182(y,z) ⇒ P182(x,z)]\n- P182(x,y) ⇒ ¬P182(y,x)\n"@en . . "P25 移动"@zh . "enthält"@de . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises changes of the physical location of the instances of E19 Physical Object. \nNote, that the class E9 Move inherits the property P7 took place at (witnessed): E53 Place. This property should be used to describe the trajectory or a larger area within which a move takes place, whereas the properties P26 moved to (was destination of), P27 moved from (was origin of) describe the start and end points only. Moves may also be documented to consist of other moves (via P9 consists of (forms part of)), in order to describe intermediate stages on a trajectory. In that case, start and end points of the partial moves should match appropriately between each other and with the overall event.\n\nExamples:\n- the relocation of London Bridge from the UK to the USA (Wildfang, 2005)\n- the movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E9(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . . . "E55 Τύπος"@el . . "consiste de"@pt . . . "E9 移动"@zh . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place, which is defined in the same reference space, and which is used to approximate the former. The property does not necessarily state the quality or accuracy of this approximation, but rather indicates the use of the first instance of place to approximate the second.\nIn common documentation practice, find or encounter spots e.g. in archaeology, botany or zoology are often related to the closest village, river or other named place without detailing the relation, e.g. if it is located within the village or in a certain distance of the specified place. In this case the stated “phenomenal” place found in the documentation can be seen as an approximation of the actual encounter spot without more specific knowledge. \nIn more recent documentation often point coordinate information is provided that originates from GPS measurements or georeferencing from a map. This point coordinate information does not state the actual place of the encounter spot but tries to approximate it with a “declarative” place. The accuracy depends on the methodology used when creating the coordinates. It may be dependent on technical limitations like GPS accuracy but also on the method where the GPS location is taken in relation to the measured feature. If the methodology is known a maximum deviation from the measured point can be calculated and the encounter spot or feature may be related to the resulting circle using an instance of P171 at some place within.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is reflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- [40°31'17.9\"N 21°15'48.3\"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://sws.geonames.org/735927]\n- [40°31'00.1\"N 21°16'00.1\"E] (E53) approximates Kastoria, Greece, TGN ID: 7010880 (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from http://vocab.getty.edu/page/tgn/7010880]\n- [40°04'60.0\"N 22°21'00.0\"E] (E53) approximates Mount Olympus National Park, Greece (E53). [The approximating declarative place with point shape is defined in terms of coordinates taken from https://www.geonames.org/6941814]\n\nProperties:\n- P189.1 has type: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P189(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P189(x,y) ⇒ E53 (y) \n- P189(x,y,z) ⇒ [P189(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P189(x,x)\n"@en . . "Diese Klasse umfasst Zeichenketten oder Kodierungen, die Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) zugewiesen werden, um sie eindeutig und dauerhaft innerhalb des Sammlungskontexts zu identifizieren. Inventarnummern werden im Kontext von Instanzen der Klasse Identifikatorzuweisung (crm:E15_Identifier_Assignment) zugewiesen. Identifikatorzuweisungen wiederum finden innerhalb von Objektdokumentationen (nfdi4objects:Object_Documenttion) statt, die ein wesentliches Ereignis innerhalb der Museums-/Sammlungszugehörigkeit (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation) darstellen.\n\nBeispiele:\n- GNM WI1826\n- GNG 02560"@de . "E32 Documento de Referência"@pt . "illustre"@fr . . "Передача Опеки"@ru . . . "Abgabe des Gewahrsams"@de . "P46 est composé de"@fr . "P180" . "a fait adhérer"@fr . "P30 transferred custody of"@en . "P33i" . "borders with"@en . "P31i foi modificada por"@pt . . "P135i δημιουργήθηκε από"@el . "减少了"@zh . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance or instances of E18 Physical Thing that are the result of an instance of E81 Transformation. New items replace the transformed item or items, which cease to exist as units of documentation. The physical continuity between the old and the new is expressed by the links to the common instance of E81 Transformation.\n\nExamples:\n- The transformation of the Venetian Loggia in Heraklion into a city hall (E81, E12) resulted in the City Hall of Heraklion (E24). [AND: has produced (P108) the City Hall of Heraklion (E22)] (Municipality of Heraklion, 2021)\n- The mummification of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E81, E12) resulted in the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22,E20). [also: has produced (P108) the mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E22, E20).] (Carter & Mace 1977)\n- The death, carbonization and petrification of some people of Pompeii in 79AD by the intense heat of a pyroclastic cloud and ashes from the eruption of Mount Vesuvius (E69, E81) resulted in petrified bodies (E20). [Some of these bodies could later be preserved in plaster.]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P123(x,y) ⇒ E81(x)\n- P123(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P123(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "a été présent à"@fr . "é assunto de"@pt . "βασίστηκε σε"@el . "betreute kuratorisch"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. \nThe property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. \nTypical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building.\n\nExamples:\n- The ornamentation of silver cup 232 (E11) used specific technique ‘Instructions for golden chase work by A N Other’ (E29). (fictitious)\n- The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) used specific technique Architectural plans by Foster and Partners (E29). (Foster, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P33(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P33(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)\n- P33(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)\n"@en . "Benutzung"@de . "E55 Type"@fr . "is held or supported by"@en . "P124 wandelte um"@de . "P76i 提供访问"@zh . "Finding"@en . "P52i είναι ιδιοκτήτης του"@el . . "P94 hat erschaffen"@de . "P161i est la projection spatiale de"@fr . "é ponto de contado de"@pt . "está contido em"@pt . "é identificado por"@pt . . "P148 hat Bestandteil"@de . "是主题"@zh . "P31i τροποποιήθηκε από"@el . "was attributed by"@en . "Marque"@fr . "a adhéré par"@fr . "transferiu os direitos de propriedade para"@pt . "P13 zerstörte"@de . "E2 Entidade Temporal"@pt . "P48i" . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the use of material or immaterial things in a way essential to the performance or the outcome of an instance of E7 Activity. \nThis property typically applies to tools, instruments, moulds, raw materials and items embedded in a product. It implies that the presence of the object in question was a necessary condition for the action. For example, the activity of writing this text required the use of a computer. An immaterial thing can be used if at least one of its carriers is present. For example, the software tools on a computer.\nAnother example is the use of a particular name by a particular group of people over some span to identify a thing, such as a settlement. In this case, the physical carriers of this name are at least the people understanding its use.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The writing of the scope note of the CIDOC CRM property “P16 used specific object” contained in the CIDOC CRM version 4.1 (E7) used specific object Nicholas Crofts’ computer (E22) mode of use Typing Tool; Storage Medium (E55). [the original scope note was later extended in the CIDOC CRM version 4.3] \n- The people of Iraq calling the place identified by TGN ‘7017998’ (E7) used specific object “Quyunjig” (E41) mode of use current; vernacular (E55).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ E70(y)\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n- P16(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n- P16(x,y,z) ⇒ [P16(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "P40i 被观测"@zh . "P52i" . "foi classificada por"@pt . "P188 nécessite l'outil"@fr . "war Vater für"@de . "E13" . "ocorreu na presença de"@pt . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the location of an instance of E4 Period with respect to an instance of E18 Physical Thing. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E4 Period through P7 took place at, E53 Place, P156i is occupied by to E18 Physical Thing.\nIt describes a period that can be located with respect to the space defined by an E19 Physical Object such as a ship or a building. The precise geographical location of the object during the period in question may be unknown or unimportant. \nFor example, the French and German armistice of 22(nd) June 1940 was signed in the same railway carriage as the armistice of 11(th) November 1918.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The coronation of Queen Elizabeth II (E7) took place on or within Westminster Abbey (E18). (Strong, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P8(x,y) ⇒ E4(x)\n- P8(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P8(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P7(x,z) ˄ P156i(z,y)]\n"@en . "P40i наблюдался в"@ru . . "provides reference space for"@en . "Diese Klasse dient dazu, über Instanzen der Klasse Object getätigte Aussagen über die Zuweisung zu einer Sammlungssystematik in Instanzen der Klasse Source Content zu dokumentieren.\n\nBeispiel: Ereignis der Zuweisung der Sammlungssystematik \"Naturalia\" für das Objekt Präparat eines großen Krokodils ohne Vorderfüße in Quelle Anonymus B."@de . "参与"@zh . "P37i foi atribuído por"@pt . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E33 Linguistic Object (A), to another instance of E33 Linguistic Object (B) which is the translation of A.\nWhen an instance of E33 Linguistic Object is translated into a new language a new instance of E33 Linguistic Object is created, despite the translation being conceptually similar to the source.\nThis property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- “Les Baigneurs” (E33) has translation “The Bathers” (E33). (Spiers & Surenne, 1854)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(x)\n- P73(x,y) ⇒ E33(y) \n- P73(x,y) ⇒ P130i(x,y)\n- P73(x,y) ⇒ ¬P73(y,x)\n"@en . "有优选标识符"@zh . "Part Addition"@en . "est associé à"@fr . "E32 规范文档"@zh . "tem período de tempo"@pt . . "P137 例示"@zh . "P62" . . "Cultural Activity"@en . "P50i 是当前保管者"@zh . "custódia concedida por"@pt . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises all persistent physical items with a relatively stable form, human-made or natural.\nDepending on the existence of natural boundaries of such things, the CIDOC CRM distinguishes the instances of E19 Physical Object from instances of E26 Physical Feature, such as holes, rivers, pieces of land, etc. Most instances of E19 Physical Object can be moved (if not too heavy), whereas features are integral to the surrounding matter.\nAn instance of E18 Physical Thing occupies not only a particular geometric space at any instant of its existence, but in the course of its existence it also forms a trajectory through spacetime, which occupies a real, that is phenomenal, volume in spacetime. We include in the occupied space the space filled by the matter of the physical thing and all its inner spaces, such as the interior of a box. For the purpose of more detailed descriptions of the presence of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in space and time it can be associated with its specific instance of E92 Spacetime Volume by the property P196 defines (is defined by). \nThe CIDOC CRM is generally not concerned with amounts of matter in fluid or gaseous states, as long as they are not confined in an identifiable way for an identifiable minimal time-span.\n\nExamples:\n- the Cullinan Diamond (E19) (Scarratt and Shor, 2006)\n- the cave “Ideon Andron” in Crete (E26) (Smith, 1844-49)\n- the Mona Lisa (E22) (Mohen, 2006)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E18(x) ⇒ E72(x)\n"@en . "P137" . "This class comprises the identifiers URL (Uniform Resource Locator) to identify and locate a resource on the computer network."@en . "αναίρεσε"@el . "时段"@zh . "信息对象"@zh . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E16 Measurement with the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it acted. The instance of E16 Measurement is specific to the measured object. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be measured more than once with different results, constituting different instances of E16 Measurement.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The measurement of the height of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E16) measured silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n- The carbon 14 dating of the “Schoeninger Speer II” in 1996 (E16) measured the “Schoeninger Speer II” (E22). [The carbon 14 dating of an approximately 400.000 year old complete Old Palaeolithic wooden spear found in Schoeningen, Niedersachsen, Germany, in 1995. See also, E16 Measurement.] (Kouwenhoven, 1997)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P39(x,y) ⇒ E16(x) \n- P39(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P39(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)\n"@en . "was technique of"@en . "E70" . . . "P105 droit détenu par"@fr . . "transferred title from"@en . . "Symbolic Object"@en . "a été formé à partir de"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies an instance of E19 Physical Object that was moved by an instance of E9 Move. A move must concern at least one object.\nThe property implies the object’s passive participation. For example, Monet’s painting “Impression sunrise” was moved for the first Impressionist exhibition in 1874.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Monet´s “Impression sunrise” (E22) moved by preparations for the First Impressionist Exhibition (E9).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P25(x,y) ⇒ E9(x)\n- P25(x,y) ⇒ E19(y)\n- P25(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "P190 a pour contenu symbolique"@fr . "P99 dissolveu"@pt . "είναι ιδιοκτήτης του"@el . "权限"@zh . "出让所有权"@zh . . "P8 fand statt auf oder innerhalb von"@de . "Collection Systematics"@en . "possui característica"@pt . "P2 hat den Typus"@de . "был создан посредством"@ru . "P23 transferiu os direitos de propriedade de"@pt . "P29 custody received by"@en . . . . . "P126 使用"@zh . "P56i 发现于"@zh . "a été assigné par"@fr . "P69" . "moved by"@en . . "P17i regte an"@de . "γεννήθηκε"@el . . "είναι ή ήταν κατοικία του/της"@el . "P99i διαλύθηκε από"@el . "Naissance"@fr . . "entließ"@de . . "Scope note:\nThis general class comprises discrete, identifiable, instances of E77 Persistent Item that are documented as single units, that either consist of matter or depend on being carried by matter and are characterized by relative stability. \nThey may be intellectual products or physical things. They may, for instance, have a solid physical form, an electronic encoding, or they may be a logical concept or structure.\n\nExamples:\n- my photograph collection (E78) (fictitious)\n- the bottle of milk in my refrigerator (E22) (fictitious)\n- the Riss A1 plan of the Straßburger Münster (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg) (E29) (Liess, R., 1985)\n- the thing on the top of Otto Hahn’s desk (E19)\n- the form of the no-smoking sign (E36)\n- the cave of Dirou, Mani, Greece (E26) (Psimenos, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E70(x) ⇒ E77(x)\n"@en . . "was measured by"@en . "ist Sprache von"@de . "P73i is translation of"@en . "P95 сформировал"@ru . "a transféré le titre de propriété de"@fr . "has narrower term"@en . . "tem unidade"@pt . "Menschliche Gruppe"@de . . "被评估"@zh . "выполнялся"@ru . "称谓"@zh . "P39i" . "Quantification: one to one (1,1:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the length of time covered by an instance of E52 Time-Span. It allows an instance of E52 Time-Span to be associated with an instance of E54 Dimension representing duration independent from the actual beginning and end. Indeterminacy of the duration value can be expressed by assigning a numerical interval to the property P90 has value of E54 Dimension.\n\nExamples:\n- The time-span of the Battle of Issos 333 B.C.E. (E52) had duration Battle of Issos duration (E54). (Howard, 2012)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P191(x,y) ⇒ E52(x)\n- P191(x,y) ⇒ E54(y)\n"@en . "Product Type"@en . "P57" . "P96i ήταν μητέρα του/της"@el . "é o tipo de"@pt . . . "E10" . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises all phenomena, such as the instances of E4 Periods and E5 Events, which happen over a limited extent in time. This extent in time must be contiguous, i.e., without gaps. In case the defining kinds of phenomena for an instance of E2 Temporal Entity cease to happen, and occur later again at another time, we regard that the former instance of E2 Temporal Entity has ended and a new instance has come into existence. In more intuitive terms, the same event cannot happen twice.\nIn some contexts, such phenomena are also called perdurants. This class is disjoint from E77 Persistent Item and is an abstract class that typically has no direct instances. E2 Temporal Entity is specialized into E4 Period, which applies to a particular geographic area (defined with a greater or lesser degree of precision), and E3 Condition State, which applies to instances of E18 Physical Thing.\n\nExamples:\n- Bronze Age (E4) (Childe, 1963)\n- the earthquake in Lisbon 1755 (E5) (Chester, 2001)\n- the Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg being in ruins from 1944 to 1946 (E3) (Maddox, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E2(x) ⇒ E1(x)\n"@en . "This class comprises character strings or encodings that are assigned to instances of the standard file class (nfdi4objects:Authorityfile) in order to identify them uniquely and permanently."@en . . "P28 监护权转自"@zh . . "E64 End of Existence"@en . "P65 展示可视项"@zh . "starts before the start of"@en . "δειγματίζεται από"@el . "P167i comporte"@fr . "P71" . "is found on"@en . "includes"@en . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who has or has had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at some time. This property leaves open the question if parts of this physical thing have been added or removed during the time-spans it has been under the custody of this actor, but it is required that at least a part which can unambiguously be identified as representing the whole has been under this custody for its whole time. The way, in which a representative part is defined, should ensure that it is unambiguous who keeps a part and who the whole and should be consistent with the identity criteria of the kept instance of E18 Physical Thing. \nThe distinction with P50 has current keeper (is current keeper of) is that P49 has former or current keeper (is former or current keeper of) leaves open the question as to whether the specified keepers are current. \nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P28 custody surrendered by or P29 custody received by to E39 Actor.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has former or current keeper Secure Deliveries Inc. (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P49(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P49(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P49(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ [P28(z,y) ˅ P29(z,y) ]]\n"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E3 Condition State that was observed in an instance of E14 Condition Assessment activity.\n\nExamples:\n- The condition assessment of silver cup 232 in 1997 (E14) has identified oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) with oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious)\n- The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type fine (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) has identified the condition state in November 2003 (E3). [which has type broken (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P35(x,y) ⇒E14(x)\n- P35(x,y) ⇒ E3(y)\n- P35(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "P127 имеет вышестоящий термин"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E35 Title that has been applied to an instance of E71 Human-Made Thing. \nThe P102.1 has type property of the P102 has title (is title of) property enables the relationship between the title and the thing to be further clarified, for example, if the title was a given title, a supplied title etc.\nIt allows any human-made material or immaterial thing to be given a title. It is possible to imagine a title being created without a specific object in mind.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The first book of the Old Testament (E33) has title “Genesis” (E35) has type translated title (E55) (E55). (Brueggemann, 1982)\n- Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d’Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “La Pie” (E35) has type creator’s title (E55). (Musée d’Orsay, 2020)\n- Monet’s painting from 1868-1869 held by Musée d'Orsay, Paris, under inventory number RF 1984 164 (E22) has title “The Magpie” (E35) has type translated title (E55). (Musée d'Orsay, 2020)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P102(x,y) ⇒ E71(x)\n- P102(x,y) ⇒ E35(y) \n- P102(x,y,z) ⇒ [P102(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P102(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)\n"@en . "P135i a été créé par"@fr . . "P103i a été la raison d'être de"@fr . . "被取消"@zh . "представляет"@ru . . . . "P99 a dissous"@fr . "Diese Klasse umfasst Zeichenketten oder Kodierungen, die Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) zugewiesen werden, um sie eindeutig und dauerhaft innerhalb der Sammlung von Objektbiografien zu identifizieren.Sie ersetzt nicht die URI eines Objekts im Wissensgraphen.\n\nBeispiele: \n- Behaim Globus, GNM WI1826\n- Exemplar aus Goethes Paläontologischer Sammlung, KSW GNG 02560"@de . "E1 Entidade CRM"@pt . "P21 有一般目的"@zh . . . "уменьшил"@ru . "P72 έχει γλώσσα"@el . "a donné naissance à"@fr . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben Ereignisse in der Objektgeschichte, bei denen Instanzen der Klasse \"Object\" von anderen Akteuren im Laufe der Zeit kopiert oder neu interpretiert werden, und aus diesem Kopier-, Interpretations- oder Neuschöpfungsprozess neue Werke in Kultur, Kunst, Literatur oder Wissenschaft hervorgehen. \n\nZ.B. Die Anfertigung eines Faksimiles des Behaim Globus von 1492 für die Bibliothéque National de France im Jahr 1847\n\nZ.B. Die Darstellung des Behaim Globus im Film \"Das unsterbliche Herz\""@de . "Diese Klasse dient dazu, Aussagen zur Objektart von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt anhand Instanzen der Klasse Quelleninhalt zu zu dokumentieren."@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the identifier that was assigned to an item in an instance of E15 Identifier Assignment.\nThe same identifier may be assigned on more than one occasion.\nAn identifier might be created prior to an assignment.\n\nExamples:\n- The identifier assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned “232” (E42) (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P37(x,y) ⇒ E15(x)\n- P37(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) \n- P37(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "用于"@zh . "Instances of this class include types of corporate bodies (nfdi4objects:Corporate_Body), e.g. \n- university\n- museum\n- research institute"@en . "Ομάδα"@el . "a actuellement pour localisation"@fr . "право принадлежит"@ru . "P51" . "P28 опека отдана"@ru . "P124 μετέτρεψε"@el . . "P55 hat derzeitigen Standort"@de . . "This class describes the process of physical access of instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) to a collecting institution. The accession of an object follows the acquisition or purchase (crm:E8_Acquisition) as a legal act, in the context of museum/collection affiliation (Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation).\n\nExample: The acquisition of the Behaim Globe in 1906 as a loan to the Germanisches Nationalmuseum Nuremberg."@en . "идентифицирует"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E6 Destruction to an instance of E18 Physical Thing that has been destroyed by it. \nDestruction implies the end of an item’s life as a subject of cultural documentation – the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. An instance of E6 Destruction may be contiguous with an instance of E12 Production that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Tay Bridge Disaster (E6) destroyed the Tay Bridge (E22). (Thomas, 1972)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P13(x,y) ⇒ E6 (x)\n- P13(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P13(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . . "est occupé par"@fr . "was made for"@en . "是目的地"@zh . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E18 Physical Thing with another instance of Physical Thing that forms part of it. The spatial extent of the composing part is included in the spatial extent of the whole.\nComponent elements, since they are themselves instances of E18 Physical Thing, may be further analysed into sub-components, thereby creating a hierarchy of part decomposition. An instance of E18 Physical Thing may be shared between multiple wholes, for example two buildings may share a common wall. This property does not specify when and for how long a component element resided in the respective whole. If a component is not part of a whole from the beginning of existence or until the end of existence of the whole, the classes E79 Part Addition and E90 Part Removal can be used to document when a component became part of a particular whole and/or when it stopped being a part of it. For the time-span of being part of the respective whole, the component is completely contained in the place the whole occupies.\nThis property is intended to describe specific components that are individually documented, rather than general aspects. Overall descriptions of the structure of an instance of E18 Physical Thing are captured by the P3 has note property.\nThe instances of E57 Material of which an instance of E18 Physical Thing is composed should be documented using P45 consists of (is incorporated in).\nThis property is transitive and asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- The Royal carriage (E22) forms part of the Royal train (E22).\n- The “Hog’s Back” (E24) forms part of the “Fosseway” (E24).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ P132(x,y)\n- [P46(x,y) ∧ P46(y,z)] ⇒ P46(x,z)\n- P46(x,y) ⇒ (∃uzw)[E93(u) ∧ P195i (x,u) ∧ E52(z) ∧ P164(u,z) ∧ E93(w) ∧ P195i (w,y) ∧ P164(w,z) ∧ P10(w,u)] \n- P46(x,y) ⇒ ¬P46(y,x)\n"@en . "P126 empregou"@pt . "P10 属于"@zh . "Site"@en . . "E11 Modificação"@pt . "Typus"@de . "apresenta características de"@pt . "P13 destroyed"@en . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises events that result in the formation of a formal or informal E74 Group of people, such as a club, society, association, corporation, or nation. \nE66 Formation does not include the arbitrary aggregation of people who do not act as a collective.\nThe formation of an instance of E74 Group does not require that the group is populated with members at the time of formation. In order to express the joining of members at the time of formation, the respective activity should be simultaneously an instance of both E66 Formation and E85 Joining.\n\nExamples:\n- the formation of the CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group in 2000\n- the formation of the Soviet Union (Pipes, 1964)\n- the conspiring of the murderers of Caesar (Irwin, 1935)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E66(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n- E66(x) ⇒ E63(x)\n"@en . "E1 CRM Сущность"@ru . "destruiu"@pt . "a relevé comme dimension"@fr . "Sache"@de . "Diese Klasse beschreibt den Vorgang des physischen Zugangs von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt (nfdi4objects:Object) in eine sammelnde Einrichtung. Die Akzession eines Objekts folgt auf die Akquisition bzw. den Erwerb (crm:E8_Acquisition) als rechtlichen Akt, im Kontext der Museums-/Sammlungszugehörigkeit (Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation).\n\nBeispiel: Der Zugang des Behaim Globus im Jahr 1906 als Leihgabe ins Germanische Nationalmuseum Nürnberg."@de . "foi produzido por"@pt . "P189i" . "P109 имеет действующего или бывшего хранителя"@ru . "E20 Biologischer Gegenstand"@de . "αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . "P57 имеет число частей"@ru . . . . "E42 标识符"@zh . "P139 имеет альтернативную форму"@ru . "P59i está localizada sobre ou dentro de"@pt . "P175i starts after or with the start of"@en . "hat Wert"@de . . "P39i был измерен посредством"@ru . . "位于"@zh . "был уменьшен посредством"@ru . . . "E85 Beitritt"@de . . "P107 έχει ή είχε μέλος"@el . . "Bildliches"@de . "部分去除"@zh . "P27i war Ausgangsort von"@de . . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises events that bring into existence any instance of E77 Persistent Item. \nIt may be used for temporal reasoning about things (intellectual products, physical items, groups of people, living beings) beginning to exist; it serves as a hook for both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem.\n\nExamples:\n- the birth of my child (E67) (fictitious)\n- the birth of Snoopy, my dog (fictitious)\n- the calving of the iceberg that sank the Titanic\n- the construction of the Eiffel Tower (E12) (Tissandier, 1889)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E63(x) ⇒ E5(x)\n"@en . "a eu pour finalité générale"@fr . "P92 brought into existence"@en . . "P96 durch Mutter"@de . "Document de référence"@fr . . "was produced by"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises sets of coherent phenomena or cultural manifestations occurring in time and space.\nIt is the social or physical coherence of these phenomena that identify an instance of E4 Period and not the associated spatiotemporal extent. This extent is only the “ground” or space in an abstract physical sense that the actual process of growth, spread and retreat has covered. Consequently, different periods can overlap and coexist in time and space, such as when a nomadic culture exists in the same area and time as a sedentary culture. This also means that overlapping land use rights, common among first nations, amounts to overlapping periods.\nOften, this class is used to describe prehistoric or historic periods such as the “Neolithic Period”, the “Ming Dynasty” or the “McCarthy Era”, but also geopolitical units and activities of settlements are regarded as special cases of E4 Period. However, there are no assumptions about the scale of the associated phenomena. In particular all events are seen as synthetic processes consisting of coherent phenomena. Therefore, E4 Period is a superclass of E5 Event. For example, a modern clinical birth, an instance of E67 Birth, can be seen as both a single event, i.e. an instance of E5 Event, and as an extended period, i.e. an instance of E4 Period, that consists of multiple physical processes and complementary activities performed by multiple instances of E39 Actor.\nE4 Period is a subclass of E2 Temporal Entity and of E92 Spacetime Volume. The latter is intended as a phenomenal spacetime volume as defined in CIDOC CRMgeo (Doerr & Hiebel, 2013). By virtue of this multiple inheritance, it is possible to discuss the physical extent of an instance of E4 Period without representing each instance of it together with an instance of its associated spacetime volume. This model combines two quite different kinds of substance: an instance of E4 Period is a phenomenon while an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume is an aggregation of points in spacetime. However, the real spatiotemporal extent of an instance of E4 Period is regarded to be unique to it due to all its details and fuzziness; its identity and existence depends uniquely on the identity of the instance of E4 Period. Therefore, this multiple inheritance is unambiguous and effective and furthermore corresponds to the intuitions of natural language.\nTypical use of this class in cultural heritage documentation is for documenting cultural and artistic periods. There are two different conceptualisations of ‘artistic style’, defined either by physical features or by historical context. For example, “Impressionism” can be viewed as a period in the European sphere of influence lasting from approximately 1870 to 1905 during which paintings with particular characteristics were produced by a group of artists that included (among others) Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley and Degas. Alternatively, it can be regarded as a style applicable to all paintings sharing the characteristics of the works produced by the Impressionist painters, regardless of historical context. The first interpretation is an instance of E4 Period, and the second defines morphological object types that fall under E55 Type.\nA geopolitical unit as a specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the set of activities and phenomena related to the claim of power, the consequences of belonging to a jurisdictional area and an administrative system that establishes a geopolitical unit. Examples from the modern period are countries or administrative areas of countries such as districts whose actions and structures define activities and phenomena in the area that they intend to govern. The borders of geopolitical units are often defined in contracts or treaties although they may deviate from the actual practice. The spatiotemporal properties of Geopolitical units can be modelled through the properties inherited from E92 Spacetime Volume.\nAnother specific case of an instance of E4 Period is the actual extent of the set of activities and phenomena as evidenced by their physical traces that define a settlement, such as the populated period of Nineveh.\n\nExamples:\n- Jurassic (Hallam, 1975)\n- Populated Period of Nineveh\n- Imperial Rome under Marcus Aurelius\n- European Bronze Age (Harrison, 2004) \n- Italian Renaissance (Macdonald, 1992)\n- Thirty Years War (Lee, 1991)\n- Sturm und Drang (Berkoff, 2013)\n- Cubism (Cox, 2000)\n- The Capital of Russia (E4) [the capital of Russia in the sense of an administrative unit moved in historical times from Moscow to St Petersburg and then back to Moscow. This exemplifies an administrative unit changing place over time without temporal discontinuity]\n- The settling activity of the community of Helsinki (a.k.a. Helsingfors) (E7) [the original settlement called Helsinki was located in the area of the modern airport. The community moved later to settle on the coast. This exemplifies a continued activity changing place over time without temporal discontinuity]\n- Bronze Age (E4) [Bronze Age, in the sense of technological adoption, spread over disjoint areas including islands such as the British Isles without temporal discontinuity]\n- Japan, the state (E4) [In 2021, the Japanese state as a political unit comprised in 6852 islands extending along the Pacific coast of Asia]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E4(x) ⇒ E2(x)\n- E4(x) ⇒ E92(x)\n"@en . "P93i прекратил существование посредством"@ru . "Conceptualisation ou procédure"@fr . "P48 a pour identifiant préférentiel"@fr . . "P35i foi identificado por"@pt . "renvoie à"@fr . . . . "war Bestimmung von"@de . "P100i 死于"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is added to (augmented) in an instance of E79 Part Addition.\nAlthough an instance of E79 Part Addition event normally concerns only one instance of E18 Physical Thing, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which more than one item might be added to (augmented). For example, the artist Jackson Pollock trailing paint onto multiple canvasses.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The final nail-insertion Event (E79) augmented Coffin of George VI (E22). (https://www.rct.uk/collection/2000811/the-coffin-of-king-george-vi-during-the-lying-in-state)\n- The attachment of the bronze hand of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E79) augmented the tree of the Alpi Marittime sculpture (E20). [https://giuseppepenone.com/en/words/maritime-alps] (Mangini, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P110(x,y) ⇒ E79(x)\n- P110(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n- P110(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)\n"@en . "starts after or with the start of"@en . "ends before or with the start of"@en . "P50i" . "P73 a pour traduction"@fr . "P67i fait l'objet d'un renvoi par"@fr . "bildet Teil von"@de . "特定用途是"@zh . "P39 mediu"@pt . "locomoveu de"@pt . . "P92i passou a existir por"@pt . "Instances of this class describe the types of instances of the Exhibition class, \ne.g. \n- Permanent exhibition\n- Temporary exhibition\n- Anniversary exhibition"@en . "P138 representa"@pt . "P73 has translation"@en . . "E56 Язык"@ru . "结束"@zh . . "E71 Chose élaborée par l’humain"@fr . "P95 has formed"@en . "P89i содержит"@ru . . "had as general use"@en . "apresenta item visual"@pt . "contient ou soutient"@fr . "a résulté de"@fr . "P110i wurde erweitert durch"@de . "Coisa Material"@pt . . "Anfang des Anfangs"@de . . "P186i is produced by"@en . "P165i est inclus dans"@fr . . . "E31 Dokument"@de . . "Déplacement"@fr . "είναι ή ήταν στην κατοχή του"@el . "E87 Activité curatoriale"@fr . "P105i владеет правом на"@ru . "Person"@de . . "P8 发生的所在对象是"@zh . "P9i 组成部分"@zh . . "transformou"@pt . "P24i сменил владельца через"@ru . "P10i содержит"@ru . "P122 borders with"@en . "Beginning of Existence"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises all persistent physical objects of any size that are purposely created by human activity and have physical boundaries that separate them completely in an objective way from other objects. \nThe class also includes all aggregates of objects made for functional purposes of whatever kind, independent of physical coherence, such as a set of chessmen.\n\nExamples:\n- the Rosetta Stone (E22)\n- LNER Class A4 4468 Mallard [the World’s fastest steam locomotive, preserved at the National Railway Museum of York, UK] (Solomon, 2003)\n- the Portland Vase (Walker, 2004)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E22(x) ⇒ E19(x)\n- E22(x) ⇒ E24(x)\n"@en . "P17 a été motivé par"@fr . "hat gebildet"@de . "P19 was intended use of"@en . . "ist verbunden mit"@de . "έχει μετάφραση"@el . "人物"@zh . "P39 measured"@en . "P8 ocorreu em ou dentro"@pt . . "forms part of"@en . . "Begegnung"@de . "P37 atribuiu"@pt . "was sales price of"@en . "P125 a mobilisé l’objet du type"@fr . . "P97 от отца"@ru . "P157i" . . "P72i 是语种"@zh . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that is removed during an instance of E80 Part Removal activity.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The opening of the coffin of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E80) removed The mummy of Tut-Ankh-Amun (E20, E22). (Carter, 2014)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P113(x,y) ⇒ E80(x)\n- P113(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P113(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "Nascimento"@pt . "P100i starb in"@de . "P12i estava presente no"@pt . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the type of property or relation that this assignment maintains to hold between the item to which it assigns an attribute and the attribute itself. Note that the properties defined by the CIDOC CRM also constitute instances of E55 Type themselves. The direction of the assigned property of type is understood to be from the attributed item (the range of property P140 assigned attribute to) to the attribute item (the range of the property P141 assigned). More than one property type may be assigned to hold between two items.\nA comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document.\n\nExamples:\n- The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned property of type P52 has former or current owner (is former or current keeper of) (E55). (fictitious)\n- 1(st) June 1997 Identifier Assignment of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned property of type P48 has preferred identifier (is preferred identifier of) (E55). (fictitious)\n- The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned property of type binding structure type (E55). [‘binding structure type’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects a book (E22) to the type of its binding structure (E55)] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type damage (E55). [‘damage’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like an endband core (E22) to the type of damage (E55) it shows] (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) assigned property of type quality (E55). [‘quality’ refers to a property, external to the CIDOC CRM, which connects an instance of a physical thing like a book cover (E22) to its quality (E55)] (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P177(x,y) ⇒ E13(x)\n- P177(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n"@en . . "a pour localisation actuelle ou antérieure"@fr . "P32i был техникой для"@ru . "a commencé à exister par"@fr . . "is temporal projection of"@en . "forms part of"@en . "P40 παρατήρησε"@el . . "E35 Título"@pt . "P133 is spatiotemporally separated from"@en . "P179i a été le prix de vente de"@fr . "έχει ή είχε ιδιοκτήτη"@el . "https://wiki.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/spaces/DFD/pages/120422725/Datensatzart+Pflicht"@de . "άλλαξε κατοχή μέσω"@el . "P137i" . "P22i απέκτησε τον τίτλο μέσω"@el . "P31i" . "P68 обычно применяет"@ru . "χρησιμοποιήθηκε για"@el . "fällt in"@de . "имеет предпочтительный идентификатор"@ru . "P82b Ende vom Ende"@de . . "faz parte de"@pt . . . "P52i является текущим владельцем для"@ru . "P81 ongoing throughout"@en . "wird gefunden auf"@de . "P34 betraf"@de . . "имеет тип"@ru . "Time Assignment"@en . "P189i is approximated by"@en . "P8 έλαβε χώρα σε ή εντός"@el . . "Bearbeitung"@de . "P4i είναι χρονικό διάστημα του/της"@el . "Группа"@ru . "P82b fin de la fin"@fr . "P56 a pour caractéristique"@fr . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E74 Group of which an instance of E39 Actor becomes a member through an instance of E85 Joining.\nAlthough a joining activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which becoming member of one Group implies becoming member of another Group as well. \nJoining events allow for describing people becoming members of a group with a more detailed path from E74 Group through, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined, E39 Actor, compared to the shortcut offered by P107 has current or former member (is current or former member of).\nThe property P144.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group.\n\nExamples:\n- The election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (E85) joined with the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- The inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (E85) joined with the office of Leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (E74) kind of member President (E55). (Galeotti, 1997)\n- The implementation of the membership treaty 1(st) January 1973 between EU and Denmark (E85) joined with EU (E74).\n\nProperties:\n- P144.1 kind of member: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P144(x,y) ⇒ E85(x)\n- P144(x,y)⇒ E74(y) \n- P144(x,y,z) ⇒ [P144(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P144(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "P9 αποτελείται από"@el . "spécifie temporellement"@fr . "P99 распустил"@ru . . "E77 Seiendes"@de . "a continué"@fr . "P12" . "faz parte de"@pt . "by mother"@en . . "E1 CRM Entity"@en . "σχηματίστηκε από"@el . "P46i формирует часть"@ru . "P19i wurde hergestellt für"@de . "E83 Criação de Tipo"@pt . "P8 a eu lieu à"@fr . . "E37 Marke"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E18 Physical Thing that was assessed during an instance of E14 Condition Assessment. \nConditions may be assessed either by direct observation or using recorded evidence. In the latter case the instance of E18 Physical Thing does not need to be present or extant at the time of assessment.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The condition assessment of the silver collection in 1997 (E14) concerned silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n- The condition assessment of the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the cover of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n- The condition assessment of the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E14) concerned the endband cores of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E22). (Honey and Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P34(x,y) ⇒ E14(x)\n- P34(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P34(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)\n"@en . "P103i era a destinação de"@pt . "has produced"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links a particular instance of E72 Legal Object to the instances of E30 Right to which it is subject.\nThe Right is held by an instance of E39 Actor as described by P75 possesses (is possessed by).\n\nExamples:\n- The Beatles back catalogue (E89) is subject to reproduction right on the Beatles back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P104(x,y) ⇒ E72(x)\n- P104(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)\n"@en . . . "P30i custody transferred through"@en . "最长范围是"@zh . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance(s) of E33 Linguistic Object with an instance of E56 Language in which it is, at least partially, expressed. \nLinguistic Objects are composed in one or more human languages. This property allows these languages to be documented.\n\nExamples:\n- The United States Declaration of Independence (E33) has language 18(th) Century English (E56). (Perley, 2017)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P72(x,y) ⇒ E33(x)\n- P72(x,y) ⇒ E56(y)\n"@en . "exemplifica"@pt . "上位词"@zh . "E57 材质"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises identifiable immaterial items that make propositions about reality.\nThese propositions may be expressed in text, graphics, images, audiograms, videograms, or by other similar means. Documentation databases are regarded as instances of E31 Document. This class should not be confused with the concept “document” in Information Technology, which is compatible with E73 Information Object.\n\nExamples:\n- the Encyclopaedia Britannica (E32) (Kogan, 1958)\n- the image content of the photo of the Allied Leaders at Yalta published by UPI, 1945 (E36)\n- Domesday Book [a manuscript record of the \"Great Survey\" of much of England and parts of Wales completed in 1086 by order of King William the Conqueror] (Hallam 1986)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E31(x) ⇒ E73(x)\n"@en . . "P29" . . . . "E68" . . . "Трансформация"@ru . . "P37 назначил"@ru . . "Событие Формирования"@ru . . . "P12 появился в присутствии"@ru . "P42 назначил"@ru . "Messung"@de . "P134 a continué"@fr . . "组成部分"@zh . "was employed in"@en . "υπήρξε τόπος του"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity.\nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) ≤ B(end) is true.\nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to the disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, met-by, overlaps, starts, started-by, contains, finishes, finished-by, equals, during, overlapped by}.\nThis property is not transitive. \n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_01.png\n\n\nFigure 8: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_02.png\n\n\nFigure 9: Temporal entity A starts before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The legendary run from Marathon to Athens 490BC (E7) starts before or with the end of The Battle of Marathon 490BC (E7).\n- LMIIB (E4) ends after or with the start of the Tutankhamun period (1332-1323 B.C.E.) (E4). [Evidence for this is provided by the scarab seal found at Poros in a context of LMIIB. The scarab belongs to the type “nh.s n Jmn”. During the Akhenaten period he production of these scarab seals stopped (the name of Amun is not referred to during his reign). So the scarab could not have been produced before the Tutankhamun period and is probably a later production.] (Karetsou, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P173(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n"@en . "a accueilli le membre par"@fr . . "P94i wurde erschaffen durch"@de . "P75i sind im Besitz von"@de . "P9i faz parte de"@pt . "P55 has current location"@en . "P55i hält derzeitig"@de . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends before or simultaneously with the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) ≤ B(end )is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, finished by, start, equals, during, finishes}.\nThis property is irreflexive\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_13.png\n\n\nFigure 20: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_14.png\n\n\nFigure 21: Temporal entity A ends before or with the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- The reign/life of Harold II (E4) ends before or with the end of the Battle of Hastings (E7)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P184(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P184(x,y) ⇒ P174(x,y)\n- ¬P184(x,x)\n"@en . "P21 tinha propósito geral"@pt . "P95i σχηματίστηκε από"@el . . "starts before or with the end of"@en . "P81 καθόλη τη διάρκεια του/της"@el . "имел место на или в"@ru . "Matériau"@fr . "被描绘"@zh . "Destruction"@fr . . "é o período de tempo de"@pt . "P182i starts after or with the end of"@en . "Dissolução"@pt . "Objet juridique"@fr . "P110 a augmenté"@fr . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an origin, an instance of E53 Place, of an instance of E9 Move.\nA move will be linked to an origin, such as the move of an artifact from storage to display. A move may be linked to many starting instances of E53 Place by multiple instances of this property. In this case the move describes the picking up of a set of objects. The area of the move includes the origin(s), route and destination(s).\nTherefore, the described origin is an instance of E53 Place which P89 falls within (contains) the instance of E53 Place the move P7 took place at.\n\nExamples:\n- The movement of the exhibition “Tutankhamun: Treasures of the Golden Pharaoh” between 15(th) September and 2(nd) November 2019 (E9) moved from Paris, Grande Halle de la Villette (E53).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P27(x,y) ⇒ E9(x)\n- P27(x,y) ⇒ E53(y) \n- P27(x,y) ⇒ (∃z) [E53(z) ∧ P7(x,z) ∧ P89(y,z)]\n"@en . "κάποτε εντός"@el . "P100 a été la mort de"@fr . "P82a début du début"@fr . "P156i est occupé par"@fr . "resultado de"@pt . "P113 αφαίρεσε"@el . "P104i s’applique à"@fr . "Zustandsfeststellung"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E73 Information Object with an instance of E90 Symbolic Object (or any of its subclasses) that was included in it.\nThis property makes it possible to recognise the autonomous status of the incorporated signs, which were created in a distinct context, and can be incorporated in many instances of E73 Information Object, and to highlight the difference between structural and accidental whole-part relationships between conceptual entities.\nIt accounts for many cultural facts that are quite frequent and significant: the inclusion of a poem in an anthology, the re-use of an operatic aria in a new opera, the use of a reproduction of a painting for a book cover or a CD booklet, the integration of textual quotations, the presence of lyrics in a song that sets those lyrics to music, the presence of the text of a play in a movie based on that play, etc.\nIn particular, this property allows for modelling relationships of different levels of symbolic specificity, such as the natural language words making up a particular text, the characters making up the words and punctuation, the choice of fonts and page layout for the characters.\nWhen restricted to information objects, that is, seen as a property with E73 Information Object as domain and range the property is transitive.\nA digital photograph of a manuscript page incorporates the text of a manuscript page, if the respective text is defined as a sequence of symbols of a particular type, such as Latin characters, and the resolution and quality of the digital image is sufficient to resolve these symbols so they are readable on the digital image.\nThis property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The content of Charles-Moïse Briquet’s ‘Les Filigranes: dictionnaire historique des marques du papier’ (E32) incorporates the visual aspect of the watermark used around 1358-61 by some Spanish papermaker(s) and identified as ‘Briquet 4019’ (E37). (Briquet, 1985)\n- The visual content of Jacopo Amigoni’s painting known as ‘The Singer Farinelli and friends’ (E36) incorporates the musical notation of Farinelli’s musical work entitled ‘La Partenza’ (E73). (National Gallery of Victoria)\n- The visual content of Nicolas Poussin’s painting entitled ‘Les Bergers d’Arcadie’ (E36) incorporates the Latin phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ (E33). (Wikipedia, 2020)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ E73(x)\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ E90(y)\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ P106(x,y)\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ ¬P165(y,x)\n"@en . "enthält"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises all persistent physical items of any size that are purposely created by human activity. This class comprises, besides others, human-made objects, such as a sword, and human-made features, such as rock art. For example, a “cup and ring” carving on bedrock is regarded as instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\nInstances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may be the result of modifying pre-existing physical things, preserving larger parts or most of the original matter and structure, which poses the question if they are new or even human-made, the respective interventions of production made on such original material should be obvious and sufficient to regard that the product has a new, distinct identity and intended function and is human-made. Substantial continuity of the previous matter and structure in the new product can be documented by describing the production process also as an instance of E81 Transformation.\nWhereas interventions of conservation and repair are not regarded to produce a new instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing, the results of preparation of natural history specimens that substantially change their natural or original state should be regarded as instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Things, including the uncovering of petrified biological features from a solid piece of stone. On the other side, scribbling a museum number on a natural object should not be regarded to make it human-made. This notwithstanding, parts, sections, segments, or features of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing may continue to be non-human-made and preserved during the production process, for example natural pearls used as a part of an eardrop.\n\nExamples:\n- the Forth Railway Bridge (Shipway, Bouch, Baker and Fowler, 1990).\n- the Channel Tunnel (E25) (Holliday, Marcou and Vickerman, 1991)\n- the Palace of Knossos (Evans, 1921)\n- the Colosseum in Rome, Italy (Hopkins and Beard, 2011)\n- the Historical Collection of the Museum Benaki in Athens (E78) (Georgoula, 2005)\n- the Rosetta Stone (E22)\n- my paperback copy of Crime & Punishment (E22) (fictitious)\n- the computer disk at ICS-FORTH that stores the canonical Definition of the CIDOC CRM v.3.2 (E22)\n- my empty DVD disk (E22) (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E24(x) ⇒ E18(x)\n- E24(x) ⇒ E71(x)\n"@en . "转移监护权"@zh . "P129 έχει ως θέμα"@el . . "P30i опека передана через"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property allows sub-typing of CIDOC CRM entities –a form of specialisation – through the use of a terminological hierarchy, or thesaurus. \nThe CIDOC CRM is intended to focus on the high-level entities and relationships needed to describe data structures. Consequently, it does not specialise entities any further than is required for this immediate purpose. However, entities in the isA hierarchy of the CIDOC CRM may by specialised into any number of sub-entities, which can be defined in the E55 Type hierarchy. E41 Appellation, for example, may be specialised into “e-mail address”, “telephone number”, “post office box”, “URL”, etc., none of which figures explicitly in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. A comprehensive explanation about refining CIDOC CRM concepts by E55 Type is given in the section “About Types” in the section on “Specific Modelling Constructs” of this document.\nThis property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned to E55 Type.\n\nExamples:\n- “enquiries@cidoc-crm.org” (E41) has type e-mail address (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P2(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P2(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- P2(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E17(z)] ˄ P41i(x,z) ˄ P42(z,y)]\n"@en . "P25 bewegte"@de . "P38 deassigned"@en . . "E81 Transformation"@en . . . "a pour propriétaire actuel ou antérieur"@fr . "P44i ist Zustand von"@de . "变更监护权"@zh . "记录了"@zh . "Linguistic Appellation"@en . "P75 拥有"@zh . "a pour coordonnées"@fr . "P93 took out of existence"@en . "имел участника"@ru . "P69 σχετίζεται με"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who receive custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. \nThe property will typically describe Actors receiving custody of an object when it is handed over from another Actor’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be received involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.\nIn reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Representatives of The National Gallery (E74) received custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P29(x,y) ⇒ E10(x)\n- P29(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P29(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "P14 πραγματοποιήθηκε από"@el . "E31" . "P130 apresenta características de"@pt . "P30 转移监护权的是"@zh . . . . "E14 Оценка Состояния"@ru . . . "P2 has type"@en . "P196 définit"@fr . "P73i ist Übersetzung von"@de . "P94i" . "Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E52 Time-Span with a note detailing the scholarly or scientific opinions and justifications about the certainty, precision, sources etc. of its beginning. Such notes may also be used to elaborate arguments about constraints or to give explanations of alternatives.\n\nExamples:\n- The time-span of the Holocene (E52) beginning is qualified by “The formal definition and dating of the GSSP (GlobalStratotype Section and Point) for the base of the Holocene using the Greenland NGRIP ice core, and selected auxiliary records” (E62). (Walker et al., 2009)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P79(x,y) ⇒ E52(x)\n- P79(x,y) ⇒ E62(y) \n- P79(x,y) ⇒ P3(x,y)\n"@en . . . . "wurde benutzt von"@de . "P106i" . "Концептуальный Объект"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis is a high-level property, which captures the relationship between an instance of E7 Activity and anything, that is, an instance of E1 CRM Entity, that may have had some bearing upon it.\nThe property has more specific subproperties.\n\nExamples:\n- The designing of the Sydney Harbour Bridge (E7) was influenced by the Tyne Bridge (E22). (Dorman Long, 1932)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P15(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P15(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n"@en . "Kommentar"@de . "consiste de"@pt . "P100 был смертью для"@ru . . . "P15 foi influenciado por"@pt . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the technique or method, modelled as an instance of E55 Type, that was employed in an instance of E7 Activity. \nThese techniques should be drawn from an external E55 Type hierarchy of consistent terminology of general techniques or methods such as embroidery, oil-painting, carbon dating, etc. Specific documented techniques should be described as instances of E29 Design or Procedure.\n\nExamples:\n- The ornamentation of silver cup 113 (E11) used general technique gold-plating (E55). [A Design or Procedure type] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P32(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P32(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P32(x,y) ⇒ P125(x,y)\n"@en . . "P148 有组件"@zh . "approximates"@en . . . . . "E19 Materieller Gegenstand"@de . "Museums- oder Sammlungszugehörigkeit"@de . . . "is production tool for"@en . "E35 Заголовок"@ru . "a motivé"@fr . "E92 Volume spatio-temporel"@fr . "P142 a mobilisé comme élément"@fr . "P54" . . "P50 είναι στην κατοχή του"@el . "P100i" . "P44i estado material de"@pt . "E12 Production"@fr . "P53 hat früheren oder derzeitigen Standort"@de . "P26 a déplacé vers"@fr . "has current or former member"@en . "P137i δειγματίζεται από"@el . "P59" . "Imaging Procedure"@en . "αναγνωρίζεται ως"@el . "P45i" . "προσέθεσε"@el . "P4 имеет временной отрезок"@ru . "P95 a fondé"@fr . . . "wurde Gewahrsam übergeben durch"@de . "P135 criou tipo"@pt . "P26i ήταν προορισμός του/της"@el . "P81b começar do fim"@pt . "trägt den Titel"@de . . "E14 Avaliação do Estado Material"@pt . "P69 ist verbunden mit"@de . "Entidade Persistente"@pt . "P98i γεννήθηκε"@el . "P145" . "bekam Merkmal zugewiesen durch"@de . "testemunhou"@pt . "Instances of this class describe curatorial activities in which instances of the class “Object” are classified and organized within the event in the object history “Museum or collection affiliation”. Sub-events form the “Object Type Assignment” or the “Collection Systematics Assignment\"."@en . "P46 is composed of"@en . "hat Sprache"@de . . "wurde aufgelöst durch"@de . . "P10 находится в пределах"@ru . "P8 имел место на или в"@ru . "P174i se termine après le début de"@fr . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the naming or identification of any real-world item by a name or any other identifier. \nThis property is intended for identifiers in general use, which form part of the world the model intends to describe, and not merely for internal database identifiers which are specific to a technical system, unless these latter also have a more general use outside the technical context. This property includes in particular identification by mathematical expressions such as coordinate systems used for the identification of instances of E53 Place. The property does not reveal anything about when, where and by whom this identifier was used. A more detailed representation can be made using the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path through E15 Identifier Assignment.\nThis property is a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P140i was attributed by, E15 Identifier Assignment, P37 assigned to E42 Identifier. \nIt is also a shortcut for the path from E1 CRM Entity through P1 is identified by, E41 Appellation, P139 has alternative form to E41 Appellation.\n\nExamples:\n- The capital of Italy (E53) is identified by “Rome” (E41). (Leach, 2017)\n- Text 25014–32 (E33) is identified by “The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire” (E35). (Gibbon, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P1(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P1(x,y) ⇒ E41(y)\n- P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E15(z)˄ P140i(x,z) ˄ P37(z,y)]\n- P1(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E41(z)˄ P1(x,z) ˄ P139(z,y)]\n"@en . "Activité"@fr . "P31" . . "ισχύει για"@el . "έφερε στη ζωή"@el . "P151 was formed from"@en . . "был трансформирован посредством"@ru . "E3" . "P185i se termine après la fin de"@fr . "Object Type"@en . . "P50 имеет текущего смотрителя"@ru . . "est le titre de"@fr . "tem participante"@pt . "P137 поясняет"@ru . "a été créé par"@fr . "P143 a fait adhérer"@fr . . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises activities that are designed to, and succeed in, creating one or more new items. \nIt specializes the notion of modification into production. The decision as to whether or not an object is regarded as new is context sensitive. Normally, items are considered “new” if there is no obvious overall similarity between them and the consumed items and material used in their production. In other cases, an item is considered “new” because it becomes relevant to documentation by a modification. For example, the scribbling of a name on a potsherd may make it a voting token. The original potsherd may not be worth documenting, in contrast to the inscribed one. \nThis entity can be collective: the printing of a thousand books, for example, would normally be considered a single event. \nAn event should also be documented using an instance of E81 Transformation if it results in the destruction of one or more objects and the simultaneous production of others using parts or material from the originals. In this case, the new items have separate identities and matter is preserved, but identity is not.\n\nExamples:\n- the construction of the SS Great Britain (Gregor, 1971)\n- the first casting of the Little Mermaid from the harbour of Copenhagen (Dewey, 2003)\n- Rembrandt’s creating of the seventh state of his etching “Woman sitting half dressed beside a stove”, 1658, identified by Bartsch Number 197 (E12, E65, E81) (Hind, 1923)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E12(x) ⇒ E11(x)\n- E12(x) ⇒ E63(x)\n"@en . "P19i foi feito para"@pt . "P91 tem unidade"@pt . "E10 Передача Опеки"@ru . "P129 é sobre"@pt . "quelque part dans"@fr . "E30 Direitos"@pt . "This class serves to document statements made about instances of the Object class or properties assigned to them regarding the type of production technique used, based on instances of the Source Content class.\n\nExample: the assignment of the technique “cut” for the object “The Great Elector as Saint George” according to Silbermann's travelogue “[...] the small statue cut from hard iron [...]”."@en . "Currency"@en . "P135 创建类型"@zh . . "Destruição"@pt . "E3 Condition State"@en . "P4 has time-span"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(start) is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, contains, finished-by}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_07.png\n\n\nFigure 14: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_08.png\n\n\nFigure 15: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples:\n- The reign of King Harold II (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of Hastings (E7). (Wikipedia 2022a)\n- The life of Attila “the Hun” (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (E7). [June 20, 451 AD] (Wikipedia 2022b)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ P175(x,y)\n- [P176(x,y) ∧ P176(y,z)] ⇒ P176(x,z)\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ ¬P176(y,x)\n"@en . "a pour note"@fr . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E70 Thing with an instance of E55 Type that describes the type of use that it was actually employed for.\nIt allows the relationship between particular things, both physical and immaterial, and the general methods and techniques of real use to be documented. This may well be different from the intended functional purpose of the instance of E70 Thing (which can be documented with P103 was intended for (was intention of)). For example, it could be recorded that a particular wooden crate had a general use as a shelf support on a market stall even though it had been originally intended for carrying vegetables.\nThe use of this property is intended to allow the documentation of usage patterns attested in historical records or through scientific investigation (for instance ceramic residue analysis). It should not be used to document the intended, and thus assumed, use of an object.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Tony Gill’s Ford Mustang (E22) had as general use transportation (E55).\n- The Egyptian unglazed vessel used in the 2003 study reported by Barnard et al. (E22) had as general use camel milk preparation (E55). (Barnard et al., 2007)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P101(x,y) ⇒ E70(x)\n- P101(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P101(x,y) ⇒ (∃z)[E7(z) ∧ P16i(,x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]\n"@en . "P26" . . "Rolle"@de . "τεκμηριώνει"@el . "P14i führte aus"@de . . "P30" . "P46 ist zusammengesetzt aus"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that acquires the legal ownership of an object as a result of an instance of E8 Acquisition. \nThe property will typically describe an Actor purchasing or otherwise acquiring an object from another Actor. However, title may also be acquired without any corresponding loss of title by another Actor, through legal fieldwork such as hunting, shooting, or fishing.\nIn reality, the title is either transferred to or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title to the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P22(x,y) ⇒ E8(x)\n- P22(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P22(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "E90 符号对象"@zh . "Birth"@en . . "https://wiki.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/spaces/DFD/pages/120422681/Datenfelder+Export" . "Objektdokumentation" . "Τόπος"@el . "Location"@en . "a pour parent"@fr . "E69" . . . . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor who assumed or has assumed overall curatorial responsibility for an instance of E78 Curated Holding.\nIt does not allow a history of curation to be recorded. This would require use of an event initiating a curator being responsible for a collection.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Robert Opie Collection (E78) has current or former curator Robert Opie (E21). (https://www.robertopiecollection.com/)\n- The Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78) has current or former curator Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E21). (Woelkerling et al., 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P109(x,y) ⇒ E78(x)\n- P109(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P109(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y)\n"@en . "P86i contém"@pt . "P16 usou objeto específico"@pt . . "P100i est mort par"@fr . "E92 Spacetime Volume"@en . . "P15i influenciou"@pt . "Society of Origin"@en . "P13i foi destruído por"@pt . "P71 define"@pt . . "P142 使用构成成分"@zh . "Quantification: many to one, necessary(1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property relates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E52 Time-Span that defines the time-slice of the spacetime volume that this instance of E93 Presence is related to via the property P166 was a presence of (had presence).\nThere are two typical cases for the determination of the related instance of E52 Time-Span. In the first, it is the temporal extent of an instance of E2 Temporal Entity (documented with P4 has time-span (is time-span of)): this then documents the simultaneity of the instance of E93 Presence and the instance of E2 Temporal Entity, even if the absolute time-span is not known, and can be regarded as a phenomenal time-span. In the second, the instance of E52 Time-Span is a date range declared in or derived from historical sources or provided by dating methods: this is a declarative time-span.\n\nExamples:\n- 2016-02-09 (E52) temporally specifies the last day of the 2016 Carnival in Cologne (E93).\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) is temporally specified by December 1755 (E52.) (Leppmann, 1970)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) is temporally specified by 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E52). (Leppmann, 1970)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P164(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P164(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n- P164(x,y) ⇒ P160(x,y)\n"@en . "E37 Marca"@pt . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E74 Group with an instance of E39 Actor that is or has been a member thereof.\nInstances of E74 Group and E21 Person may all be members of instances of E74 Group. An instance of E74 Group may be founded initially without any member. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E74 Group, P144i gained member by, E85 Joining, P143 joined to E39 Actor.\nThe property P107.1 kind of member can be used to specify the type of membership or the role the member has in the group.\n\nExamples:\n- László Moholy-Nagy (E21) is current or former member of Bauhaus (E74). (Moholy-Nagy, 2012)\n- National Museum of Science and Industry (E74) has current or former member The National Railway Museum (E74). (Rolt, 1971)\n- The married couple Queen Elisabeth and Prince Phillip (E74) has current or former member Prince Phillip (E21) kind of member husband (E55). (Brandreth, 2004)\n\nProperties:\n- P107.1 kind of member: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P107(x,y) ⇒ E74(x)\n- P107(x,y) ⇒ E39(y)\n- P107(x,y,z) ⇒ [P107(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P107(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E85(z) ˄ P144i(x,z) ˄ P143(z,y)]\n"@en . "ocorreu em"@pt . "E70 Coisa"@pt . "P146i a perdu le membre par"@fr . "is identified by"@en . "P31i a été modifié par"@fr . "E69 Смерть"@ru . "Death"@en . "est distinct spatio-temporellement de"@fr . "Diese Klasse dient der Erfassung von Transkriptionen von Instanzen der Klasse Source Content."@de . "Beitritt"@de . . "P21 είχε γενικό σκοπό"@el . "E73" . "Création"@fr . "é retratada por"@pt . "Chose matérielle"@fr . "P134i was continued by"@en . . "P123i a résulté de"@fr . "a pour contenu symbolique"@fr . "изменил"@ru . "Diese Klasse umfasst Abschnitte von Instanzen der Klasse Source Content, z.B. \n- \"Zwey Waßer Saphyr Körner\" aus Eingangsbuch 1688/1692b, fol. 4v\n- \"Ein Baum, worinnen ein Hirsch-Geweih stecket, welches in Preußisch Litthauen in einem Walde gefunden worden, davon man aber nicht eigentlich urtheilen kan, wie es dahin gekommen.\" aus Küster 1756, S. 20"@de . "se termine après ou au moment du début de"@fr . . "Entwurf oder Verfahren"@de . . . "P103 被用于"@zh . "P5 包括"@zh . "P92" . "был создан посредством"@ru . "transferred title of"@en . "P127 上位词"@zh . . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises transfers of legal ownership from one or more instances of E39 Actor to one or more different instances of E39 Actor, where the transferring party is completely compensated by the payment of a monetary amount. In more detail, a purchase agreement establishes a fixed monetary obligation at its initialization on the receiving party, to the giving party. An instance of E96 Purchase begins with the contract or equivalent agreement and ends with the fulfilment of all contractual obligations. In the case that the activity is abandoned before both parties have fulfilled these obligations, the activity is not regarded as an instance of E96 Purchase.\nThis class is a very specific case of the much more complex social business practices of exchange of goods and the creation and satisfaction of related social obligations. Purchase activities which define individual sales prices per object can be modelled by instantiating E96 Purchase for each object individually and as part of an overall instance of E96 Purchase transaction.\n\nExamples:\n- the purchase of 10 okka of nails by the captain A. Syrmas on 18(th) September 1895 in Thessaloniki (Syrmas, 1896)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E96(x) ⇒ E8(x)\n"@en . "currently holds"@en . "ist zusammengesetzt aus"@de . . . "P75i est possédé par"@fr . "Modification"@fr . "Diese Klasse umfasst Begriffe, die die Art der Präsentation eines Objekts im Sammlnugsraum oder im Museum beschreiben,\n\nz.B.\n- auf einem Sockel\n- an der Wand\n- im Schrank"@de . "P165" . . "P140 assigned attribute to"@en . "P44 имеет условие"@ru . "E58 测量单位"@zh . "P24i a changé de propriétaire par"@fr . . "P92 trouxe à existência"@pt . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the temporal projection of an instance of E92 Spacetime Volume. The property P4 has time-span is the same as P160 has temporal projection if it is used to document an instance of E4 Period or any subclass of it.\n\nExamples:\n- The spatio-temporal trajectory of the H.M.S. Temeraire from its building in 1798 to its destruction in 1838 (E92) has temporal projection the time-span of the existence of H.M.S. Temeraire (E52) [at some time within (P82) “1798-1838” (E61).] (Willis, 2010)\n- The Battle of Waterloo 1815 (E7) has temporal projection the time-span of the Battle of Waterloo (E52) [at some time within (P82) “Sunday, 18(th) June 1815” (E61).] (Black, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P160(x,y) ⇒ E92(x)\n- P160(x,y)⇒ E52(y)\n"@en . "is approximated by"@en . "é localizado em"@pt . "a été créé par"@fr . "граничит с"@ru . "P183i" . "P3 tem nota"@pt . "法律对象"@zh . . . "P29i 获得监护权"@zh . "E33 语言对象"@zh . "P41i χαρακτηρίσθηκε από"@el . "Dimension"@en . . "est produit par"@fr . "a été mobilisé pour"@fr . "P91 hat Einheit"@de . . "Type"@fr . "移动"@zh . "wird aufgelistet in"@de . . . . "P40 beobachtete Dimension"@de . . "Place Assignment"@en . "P12i a été présent à"@fr . . "est la projection spatiale de"@fr . "wurde erschaffen durch"@de . "P169i spacetime volume is defined by"@en . "сформировал"@ru . . . "lieu défini par"@fr . "条件状态"@zh . "был распущен посредством"@ru . "est la résidence actuelle ou antérieure de"@fr . "имел основное применение"@ru . "starts after the start of"@en . "P71 перечисляет"@ru . "Τροποποίηση"@el . . . "E72 法律对象"@zh . "P108i wurde hergestellt durch"@de . "包括"@zh . "P134" . . . "a confié la garde par"@fr . "被继续"@zh . "P90 有数值"@zh . "Anfang vom Ende"@de . "se termine après le début de"@fr . . "was based on"@en . "has right on"@en . "E34" . . "P35 有标识"@zh . "est énuméré par"@fr . "P130 présente les caractéristiques de"@fr . "有语种"@zh . "είναι θέμα του/της"@el . . "συνήθως χρησιμοποιείται από"@el . "besteht aus"@de . "contains"@en . "P90 hat Wert"@de . "является действующим или бывшим хранителем"@ru . "P45 comprend"@fr . "Υλικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the actions of making assertions about one property of an object or any single relation between two items or concepts. The type of the property asserted to hold between two items or concepts can be described by the property P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned): E55 Type. \nFor example, the class describes the actions of people making propositions and statements during certain scientific/scholarly procedures, e.g. the person and date when a condition statement was made, an identifier was assigned, the museum object was measured, etc. Which kinds of such assignments and statements need to be documented explicitly in structures of a schema rather than free text, depends on whether this information should be accessible by structured queries.\nThis class allows for the documentation of how the respective assignment came about, and whose opinion it was. Note that all instances of properties described in a knowledge base are the opinion of someone. Per default, they are the opinion of the team maintaining the knowledge base. This fact must not individually be registered for all instances of properties provided by the maintaining team, because it would result in an endless recursion of whose opinion was the description of an opinion. Therefore, the use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment marks the fact that the maintaining team is in general neutral to the validity of the respective assertion, but registers someone else’s opinion and how it came about.\nAll properties assigned in such an action can also be seen as directly relating the respective pair of items or concepts. Multiple use of instances of E13 Attribute Assignment may possibly lead to a collection of contradictory values.\n\nExamples:\n- the examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 by Nicholas Pickwoad in November 2003 (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n- the assessment of the current ownership of Martin Doerr’s silver cup in February 1997 (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E13(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that had custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P30i custody transferred through, E10 Transfer of Custody, P29 custody received by to E39 Actor, if and only if the custody has not been surrendered by the receiving actor at any later time\n\nExamples:\n- The paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current keeper The National Gallery (E74) (Iveagh Bequest, 1975)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P50(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P50(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P50(x,y) ⇒ P49(x,y)\n- P50(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E10(z) ˄ P30i(x,z) ˄ P29(z,y) ]\n- ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E10(w) ˄ P30i(x,w) ˄ P28(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]\n"@en . "Αφαίρεση Μερών"@el . "NB: crmgeo is not available on owl yet, so could not be used for nfdi4objects.owl"@en . "P142i wurde benutzt in"@de . "This class contains social structures that include several people, such as an institution or an association that share a collective goal and distinguish themselves from their environment, e.g. \n- the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg \n- the Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg \n- the Klassik Stiftung Weimar"@en . "P68i обычно используется посредством"@ru . "P148i is component of"@en . "was classified by"@en . "P59 имеет район"@ru . "E54 Dimensão"@pt . "Diese Klasse bildet ein Teilereignis im Rahmen der Klasse E10 Übertragung des Gewahrsams. Dabei wird der Teilprozess beschrieben, bei dem Instanzen der Klasse E39 Akteur den Gewahrsam von Instanzen der Klasse E19 Physischer Gegenstand empfangen, und damit im Rahmen der Erwerbskette zum Nachbesitzenden werden. Den zugehörigen Teilprozess, bei dem die Abgabe des Gewahrsams durch den Vorbesitzende Akteur beschrieben wird, beschreiben Instanzen der Klasse \"Abgabe des Gewahrsams\"."@de . "был целью для"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E21 Person or E74 Group that was the owner of an instance of E18 Physical Thing at the time of validity of the record or database containing the statement that uses this property.\nThis property is a shortcut for the more detailed path from E18 Physical Thing through, P24i changed ownership through, E8 Acquisition, P22 transferred title to to E39 Actor, if and only if this acquisition event is the most recent.\n\nExamples:\n- The paintings from the Iveagh Bequest (E78) has current owner Historic England (E74). [This is still valid 2021 CE. The important collection of Old Master and British portraits was bequeathed to Kenwood by Edward Cecil Guinness, 1(st) Earl of Iveagh, in 1927.] (Iveagh Bequest, 1975; Bryant, 1990)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P52(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P52(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P52(x,y) ⇒ P51(x,y)\n- P52(x,y) ⇒ P105(x,y)\n- P52(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [[E8(z) ˄ P24i(x,z) ˄ P22(z,y) ]\n- ˄ ¬ (∃w) [E8(w) ˄ P24i(x,w) ˄ P23(w,y)˄ P182(z,w)]]\n"@en . "Création de type"@fr . . "Agente"@pt . "Exhibition"@en . "a eu pour présence"@fr . "Material"@de . . "P2i είναι ο τύπος του/της"@el . "P144i gained member by"@en . "был обусловлен посредством"@ru . "был отменен посредством"@ru . "ist bevorzugtes Kennzeichen für"@de . "a reçu la garde par"@fr . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who surrender custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. \nThe property will typically describe an Actor surrendering custody of an object when it is handed over to someone else’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be surrendered involuntarily, e.g. through accident, loss, or theft.\nIn reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples:\n- The Secure Deliveries Inc. crew (E74) surrendered custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P28(x,y) ⇒ E10(x)\n- P28(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P28(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "P106 组成成分是"@zh . "包含"@zh . "E17 类型赋值"@zh . "E68 Gruppenauflösung"@de . "E20 生物对象"@zh . "E13 Assignation d’attribut"@fr . "E53 Ort"@de . "P10" . "a été dissous par"@fr . "监护权转至"@zh . "P165 inclut"@fr . "μετεβίβασε κατοχή σε"@el . "Material"@en . "P71 listet"@de . "E63 Início da Existência"@pt . . "Bild"@de . "a pour unité monétaire"@fr . "a cédé le titre de propriété à"@fr . . "P106 é composto de"@pt . "E31 Документ"@ru . "初始"@zh . "P124i wurde umgewandelt durch"@de . "P175" . . "P106i bildet Teil von"@de . "This class comprises digital files that document or represent instances of E1 CRM Entity, e.g.\n- a pdf-, a word-, an xml-file, ..."@en . . "a créé le type"@fr . "tem ou teve curador"@pt . . "P12i 出现在"@zh . . "Instances of this class describe the documented traces, layers, constructions, and materials found on the building or object. It forms the scientific basis (actual condition) for restoration concepts by identifying historical components, damage, alterations, and materials. Findings include visible and hidden aspects."@en . . "P198" . "final é qualificado por"@pt . "P29i получил опеку через"@ru . "E33 Линвистический Объект"@ru . . . "P72i είναι γλώσσα του/της"@el . . "P21i" . . "E73 Objeto de Informação"@pt . "P16 使用特定对象"@zh . . "P99i был распущен посредством"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E99 Product Type with an instance of E19 Physical Object that is needed for the production of an instance of E18 Physical Thing. When the process of production is correctly executed in accordance with the plan and using the specified instance of E19 Physical Object, the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing is considered an exemplar of this instance of E99 Product Type. The instance of E19 Physical Object may bear distinct features that are transformed into characteristic features of the resulting instance of E18 Physical Thing. Examples include models and moulds.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E99) requires production tool the luggage compartment lid mould for the Volkswagen Type 11 (Beetle) (E22). [See thumbnail image of the luggage compartment lid: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg/220px-Volkswagen_Type_1_(Auto_classique_St._Lazare_'10).jpg)] (Rieger, 2013)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P188(x,y) ⇒ E99(x)\n- P188(x,y) ⇒ E19(y)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E55 Type, which is created in an instance of E83 Type Creation activity.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The description of a new ribbon worm species by Bürger (E83) created type ‘Lineus kennelii’ (E55). (Bürger, 1892)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P135(x,y) ⇒ E83(x)\n- P135(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P135(x,y) ⇒ P94(x,y)\n"@en . "contient"@fr . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property generalises the notions of “copy of” and “similar to” into a directed relationship, where the domain expresses the derivative or influenced item and the range the source or influencing item, if such a direction can be established. The property can also be used to express similarity in cases that can be stated between two objects only, without historical knowledge about its reasons. The property expresses a symmetric relationship in case no direction of influence can be established either from evidence on the item itself or from historical knowledge. This holds in particular for siblings of a derivation process from a common source or non-causal cultural parallels, such as some weaving patterns.\nThe P130.1 kind of similarity property of the P130 shows features of (features are also found on) property enables the relationship between the domain and the range to be further clarified, in the sense from domain to range, if applicable. For example, it may be expressed if both items are product “of the same mould”, or if two texts “contain identical paragraphs”. \nIf the reason for similarity is a sort of derivation process, i.e. that the creator has used or had in mind the form of a particular thing during the creation or production, this process should be explicitly modelled. In these cases, P130 shows features of can be regarded as a shortcut of such a process. However, the current model does not contain any path specific enough to infer this property. Specializations of the CIDOC CRM may however be more explicit, for instance describing the use of moulds etc.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is irreflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- Mary Lamb’s Cymbeline from Charles and Mary Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare (E89) shows features of William Shakespeare’s Cymbeline (E89). (Carrington, 1954)\n- The audio recording of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia read by Enrico de Negri (E73) shows features of the text of Dante Alighieri’s La divina commedia (E89). (Alighieri, 1956)\n\nProperties:\n- P130.1 kind of similarity: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(x)\n- P130(x,y) ⇒ E70(y) \n- P130(x,y,z) ⇒ [P130(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- ¬P130(x,x)\n"@en . . "采访"@zh . "Rechte stehen zu"@de . "tem tradução"@pt . "Langue"@fr . . "P160i est la projection temporelle de"@fr . "P29i received custody through"@en . . "ist Zeitspanne von"@de . "P99i was dissolved by"@en . . . . "P62 retrata"@pt . "a eu pour usage général"@fr . "E14 Εκτίμηση Κατάστασης"@el . . "P21 hatte den allgemeinen Zweck"@de . "P109 a pour responsable actuel ou antérieur de la collection"@fr . "P19 特定用途是"@zh . "促动"@zh . "P10 s’insère dans"@fr . "P136i belegte"@de . "Início da Existência"@pt . "This class forms a sub-event within the context of class E10 Transfer of custody. It describes the sub-process in which instances of class E39 Actor transfer custody of instances of class E19 Physical object, thereby becoming the previous owner within the context of the acquisition chain. The associated sub-process, in which the receipt of custody by the subsequent owner is described, is described by instances of the class “Receivement of Custody”."@en . "αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . "例示"@zh . "P89i" . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises events that result in the creation of conceptual items or immaterial products, such as legends, poems, texts, music, images, movies, laws, types, etc.\n\nExamples:\n- the framing of the U.S. Constitution (Farrand, 1913)\n- the drafting of U.N. Resolution 1441 (United Nations Security Council, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E65(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n- E65(x) ⇒ E63(x)\n"@en . "Diese Klasse umfasst digitale Audiodateien, z.B. \n- der Klang einer Geige \"violin.mp3\". \n- ein digitaler Audioguide-Track zu einem bestimmten Sammlungsobjekt"@de . . "Νομικό Αντικείμενο"@el . "P48 имеет предпочтительный идентификатор"@ru . . . . "имеет заголовок"@ru . . "P34 interessada"@pt . . . "P15 επηρεάστηκε από"@el . "был целью для"@ru . "übertrug Besitztitel von"@de . "E4" . . "P89 s'insère dans"@fr . "P72i is language of"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an area, i.e., an instance of E53 Place to the instance of E18 Physical Thing upon which it is found. This area may either be identified by a name, or by a geometry in terms of a coordinate system adapted to the shape of the respective instance of E18 Physical Thing. Typically, names identifying sections of physical objects are composed of the name of a kind of part and the name of the object itself, such as “The poop deck of H.M.S. Victory”, which is composed of “poop deck” and “H.M.S. Victory”.\n\nExamples:\n- HMS Victory (E22) has section HMS Victory section B347.6 (E53). (Goodwin, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P59(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P59(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . "αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . "Entité CRM"@fr . "E89 命题对象"@zh . "Physical Human-Made Thing"@en . "P23 a transféré le titre de propriété de"@fr . . . "P9i формирует часть"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity ends definitely before the end of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(end) < B(end )is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, starts, during}.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_15.png\n\n\nFigure 22: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_16.png\n\n\nFigure 23: Temporal entity A ends before the end of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Godstow Abbey, Oxfordshire as a working abbey (E4 Period) ends before the end of the reign of Henry VIII (E4 Period).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P185(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P185(x,y) ⇒ P184(x,y)\n- [P185(x,y) ∧ P185(y,z)] ⇒ P185(x,z)P185(x,y) ⇒ ¬P185(y,x)\n"@en . "εμπίπτει"@el . "ассоциирован с"@ru . "P166i had presence"@en . "P30 transferida custódia de"@pt . "Art der Rezeption"@de . . "продолжил"@ru . "P31 modificou"@pt . . "Source Content"@en . "E37 Σήμανση"@el . "est défini par"@fr . "E12 Событие Производства"@ru . "empregou"@pt . . "Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that came into existence as a result of the instance of E12 Production.\nThe identity of an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing is not defined by its matter, but by its existence as a subject of documentation. An E12 Production can result in the creation of multiple instances of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing.\n\nExamples:\n- The building of Rome (E12) has produced the Colosseum (E24). (Hopkins & Beard, 2011)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ E12(x)\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ E24(y)\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ P31(x,y)\n- P108(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "P17 был обусловлен посредством"@ru . "was used by"@en . "E80 部分去除"@zh . "commence après le début de"@fr . "P34 已评估"@zh . "P145i left by"@en . "P40 observed dimension"@en . . "是时段"@zh . "État matériel"@fr . . . "P42i a été assigné par"@fr . "wurde klassifiziert durch"@de . . "a participé à"@fr . "αποτελείται από"@el . "P161 has spatial projection"@en . "E52 Período de Tempo"@pt . . . "P103i war Bestimmung von"@de . "is composed of"@en . . "Propositional Object"@en . "P105i" . "E68 解散"@zh . . "was present at"@en . "This class comprises character strings or encodings that are assigned to instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) to identify them uniquely and permanently within the collection of object biographies; it does not replace the URI of an object in the knowledge graph.\n\nExamples:\n- Behaim globe, GNM WI1826\n- Specimen from Goethe's palaeontological collection, KSW GNG 02560"@en . "ist Einheit von"@de . "P5 consiste de"@pt . . "P135i was created by"@en . "P185 se termine avant la fin de"@fr . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben Ereignisse in der Objektgeschichte, bei denen Instanzen der Klasse \"Objekt\" Gegenstand eines Forschungsprojektes sind, etwa drittmittelgeförderte Projekte der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft, aber auch aus Eigenmitteln von Forschungseinrichtungen finanzierte Vorhaben, bei denen bestimmte Fragestellungen mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden beantwortet werden. Als Ergebnis entstehen oft Publikationen in Form von Texten oder Daten, 3D Modelle oder auch Ausstellungen.\n\nZ.B. Focus Behaim Globus am Germanischen Nationalmuseum, anlässlich des 500 jährigen Jubiläums des Behaim Globus\n\nZ.B. Das DFG-Projekt \"Das Fenster zur Natur und Kunst\", bei dem u.a. die Skulptur \"Der Große Kurfürst als Heiliger Georg\" der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin und ehemals aus den Beständen der Berliner Kunstkammer erforscht wurde."@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises legal privileges concerning material and immaterial things or their derivatives. \nThese include reproduction and property rights.\n\nExamples:\n- copyright held by ISO on ISO/CD 21127\n- ownership of the “Mona Lisa” by the museum of the Louvre, Paris, France\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E30(x) ⇒ E89(x)\n"@en . "a été témoin de"@fr . . "P108i was produced by"@en . "é título de"@pt . "comprend"@fr . "P43 a pour dimension"@fr . "Move"@en . "被测量"@zh . "удален"@ru . . "P129i" . . . "P90" . "custody surrendered by"@en . "P24i changed ownership through"@en . . "est la langue de"@fr . . "P14i executou"@pt . "P148i" . "P191" . "P49 hat früheren oder derzeitigen Betreuer"@de . "είναι ενσωματωμένος/η/ο σε"@el . "P46i faz parte de"@pt . "transferida custódia de"@pt . "E16 测量"@zh . "E89 Propositional Object"@en . . "E33 Objeto Lingüístico"@pt . . . "Entidade Temporal"@pt . . "E77 持久项"@zh . "P38 отменил назначение"@ru . "P9i forms part of"@en . "P111i was added by"@en . "P28" . "P111 增加了"@zh . "περιλαμβάνει"@el . "E63 初始"@zh . "E42 Κωδικός Αναγνώρισης"@el . . "est actuellement la localisation de"@fr . . . "E9 Objektbewegung"@de . "P19 ήταν προορισμένη χρήση του"@el . "P38i" . "E21 Person"@en . "P106 est composé de"@fr . "έχει μέγεθος"@el . . "P10i contém"@pt . "P48 has preferred identifier"@en . "P106i faz parte de"@pt . "P59 有区域"@zh . "度量规格"@zh . "Интервал Времени"@ru . "E83 Création de type"@fr . "E8" . "P136i 支持类型创建"@zh . "P198i est contenu ou soutenu par"@fr . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E93 Presence with an instance of E53 Place that geometrically overlaps with the spatial projection of the respective instance of E93 Presence. A use case of this property is to state through which places an object or an instance of E21 Person has or was moved within a given time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. It may also be used to describe a partial or complete, temporary or permanent extension of the spatial extent of some realm into a neighbouring region during a known time-span. \nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E93 Presence through P161 has spatial projection, E53 Place, P121 overlaps with, to E53 Place.\n\nExamples:\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) covered parts of Paestum, Italy (E53). (Wiencke, 1998)\n- The Byzantine Empire 1013 AD (E93) covered parts of The Italian Peninsula (E53). (Browning, 1980)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P197(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P197(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n"@en . "βρισκόταν σε εξέλιξη"@el . "participated in"@en . "P25" . "Деятельность"@ru . "管理"@zh . "hat identifiziert"@de . "P16i was used for"@en . "P71i wird aufgelistet in"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing involved in an instance of E8 Acquisition. \nIn reality, an acquisition must refer to at least one transferred item.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title of the Amoudruz Collection (E78).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P24(x,y) ⇒ E8(x)\n- P24(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n"@en . "находился под влиянием"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E89 Propositional Object with a structural part of it that is by itself an instance of E89 Propositional Object.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- Dante’s “Divine Comedy” (E89) has component Dante’s “Hell” (E89). (Alighieri, 1956)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(x)\n- P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(y)\n- [P148(x,y) ∧ P148(y,z)] ⇒ P148(x,z)\n- P148(x,y) ⇒ ¬P148(y,x)\n"@en . "P75i" . "P45i is incorporated in"@en . . . "Title"@en . "P93 cessou a existência de"@pt . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E74 Group an instance of E39 Actor leaves through an instance of E86 Leaving.\nAlthough a leaving activity normally concerns only one instance of E74 Group, it is possible to imagine circumstances under which leaving one E74 Group implies leaving another E74 Group as well.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated from the Convention Parliament (E74). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated from the office of President of the United States (E74). (Unger, 2015)\n- The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated from EU (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P146(x,y) ⇒ E86(x)\n- P146(x,y) ⇒ E74(y) \n- P146(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . "P123i προέκυψε από"@el . . . . "Beruf"@de . "P109 tem ou teve curador"@pt . "P30i 变更监护权"@zh . "Austritt"@de . "P174i" . . "некоторое время в течение"@ru . "P56i é encontrada em"@pt . "E96 Achat"@fr . "P70i is documented in"@en . "E72 Objeto Jurídico"@pt . "fügte hinzu"@de . . . "Datensatz"@de . "P134 setzte sich fort in"@de . "E9 Перемещение"@ru . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the type that was assigned to an entity by an E17 Type Assignment activity. \nType assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).\nFor example, a fragment of an antique vessel could be assigned the type “attic red figured belly handled amphora” by expert A. The same fragment could be assigned the type “shoulder handled amphora” by expert B.\nA Type may be intellectually constructed independent from assigning an instance of it.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) assigned goblet (E55). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P42(x,y) ⇒ E17(x)\n- P42(x,y)⇒ E55(y) \n- P42(x,y) ⇒ P141(x,y)\n"@en . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben kuratorische Tätigkeiten, bei denen Instanzen der Klasse \"Objekt\" im Rahmen des Ereignisses in der Objektgeschichte \"Museums- oder Sammlungskontext\" klassifiziert und geordnet werden. Teilereignisse bilden die \"Objekttypzuweisung\" oder die \"Zuweisung einer Sammlungssystematik\"."@de . "P125i a été le type d’objet employé pour"@fr . "énumère"@fr . "P142 benutzte Bestandteil"@de . . "E57 Material"@en . "Objeto Jurídico"@pt . "zeigt Bildliches"@de . "δειγματίζει"@el . "Unité monétaire"@fr . "P33 использовал особую технику"@ru . "P67" . "Надпись"@ru . "Objet conceptuel"@fr . "P183 ends before the start of"@en . "переносится посредством"@ru . "tem dimensão"@pt . "P21 had general purpose"@en . "P51 é ou foi propriedade de"@pt . "描绘"@zh . "documents"@en . "P35i was identified by"@en . "P33" . "a eu lieu en présence de"@fr . "E39 Actor"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property links an instance of E67 Birth event to an instance of E21 Person in the role of offspring.\nTwins, triplets etc. are brought into life by the same instance of E67 Birth. This is not intended for use with general Natural History material, only people. There is no explicit method for modelling conception and gestation except by using extensions.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Birth of Queen Elizabeth II (E67) brought into life Queen Elizabeth II (E21). (Parker, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P98(x,y) ⇒ E67(x)\n- P98(x,y) ⇒ E21(y)\n- P98(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "Symbolisches Objekt"@de . "Assignation d’identifiant"@fr . "is subject to"@en . "Event"@en . . "E65 创建"@zh . "παρήγαγε"@el . . "Sektion des Quelleninhalts"@de . "Design or Procedure"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies one or more instances of E1 CRM Entity that were used as evidence to declare a new instance of E55 Type.\nThe examination of these items is often the only objective way to understand the precise characteristics of a new type. Such items should be deposited in a museum or similar institution for that reason. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of each item to the type, such as “holotype” or “original element”.\n\nExamples:\n- The taxon creation of the plant species ‘Serratula glauca Linné, 1753.’ (E83) was based on Object BM000576251 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) in the taxonomic role original element (E55). (Blake, 1918)\n\nProperties:\n- P136.1 in the taxonomic role: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P136(x,y) ⇒ E83(x)\n- P136(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P136(x,y,z) ⇒ [P136(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P136(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n"@en . . "was modified by"@en . "P125i was type of object used in"@en . . "P156i" . "P146i 失去成员"@zh . "P124i foi transformado por"@pt . . "CRM Entity"@en . "P137 erläutert"@de . "P176" . "falls within"@en . "пересекается с"@ru . "E29 Entwurf oder Verfahren"@de . . "E27 Lugar"@pt . . "P81b начать в конце"@ru . "умер в"@ru . "P96 de mère"@fr . "This class describes the assignment of the usage type (nfdi4objects:usage_Type) of instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) in the context of a usage event (nfdi4objects:Usage) that took place before an object was withdrawn from the economic cycle and entered a collection or a museum context (nfdi4objects:Museum_or_Collection_Affiliation).\n\nExample:\n- The assignment of the usage type \"Representation object\" for the Behaim globe while it was on display in Nuremberg City Hall.\n- The assignment of the usage type \"object of protection during ceremonies\" for the Idia ivory pendant"@en . "a été le prix de vente de"@fr . . "E39" . "E7 Δράση"@el . "P145 separated"@en . "P82 κάποτε εντός"@el . "P9 consiste de"@pt . "P125 benutzte Objekt des Typus"@de . "Язык"@ru . "P92 导致存在的是"@zh . . "P82 最长范围是"@zh . . "P125 used object of type"@en . "继续"@zh . "P81a fin du début"@fr . "is component of"@en . "Objet informationnel"@fr . "P196i est défini par"@fr . "a été retiré par"@fr . "P176 commence avant le début de"@fr . "P70i 记录在"@zh . "Kuratorische Tätigkeit"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E90 Symbolic Object with a part of it that is by itself an instance of E90 Symbolic Object, such as fragments of texts or clippings from an image.\nThis property is transitive asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- This Scope note of property P106 (E33) is composed of ‘fragments of texts’ (E33).\n- ‘recognizable’ (E90) is composed of ‘ecognizabl’ (E90).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(x)\n- P106(x,y) ⇒ E90(y)\n- [P106(x,y) ∧ P106(y,z)] ⇒ P106(x,z)\n- P106(x,y) ⇒ ¬P106(y,x)\n"@en . . . "P147 管理"@zh . "foi aumentada por"@pt . "是优选标识符"@zh . "P7 έλαβε χώρα σε"@el . "P92 brachte in Existenz"@de . "P81" . "representa"@pt . "P52" . "P101i ήταν χρήση του/της"@el . "carries"@en . "E15 标识符赋值"@zh . "组成"@zh . "P105 são direitos de"@pt . "P1" . "P15i оказал влияние на"@ru . "Excavation"@en . "κατέχει"@el . "E67 Γέννηση"@el . . . "P80 конец ограничен"@ru . . "surrendered custody through"@en . . . "E27 Site"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E73 Information Object with an instance of E90 Symbolic Object (or any of its subclasses) that was included in it.\nThis property makes it possible to recognise the autonomous status of the incorporated signs, which were created in a distinct context, and can be incorporated in many instances of E73 Information Object, and to highlight the difference between structural and accidental whole-part relationships between conceptual entities.\nIt accounts for many cultural facts that are quite frequent and significant: the inclusion of a poem in an anthology, the re-use of an operatic aria in a new opera, the use of a reproduction of a painting for a book cover or a CD booklet, the integration of textual quotations, the presence of lyrics in a song that sets those lyrics to music, the presence of the text of a play in a movie based on that play, etc.\nIn particular, this property allows for modelling relationships of different levels of symbolic specificity, such as the natural language words making up a particular text, the characters making up the words and punctuation, the choice of fonts and page layout for the characters.\nWhen restricted to information objects, that is, seen as a property with E73 Information Object as domain and range the property is transitive.\nA digital photograph of a manuscript page incorporates the text of a manuscript page, if the respective text is defined as a sequence of symbols of a particular type, such as Latin characters, and the resolution and quality of the digital image is sufficient to resolve these symbols so they are readable on the digital image.\nThis property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples:\n- The content of Charles-Moïse Briquet’s ‘Les Filigranes: dictionnaire historique des marques du papier’ (E32) incorporates the visual aspect of the watermark used around 1358-61 by some Spanish papermaker(s) and identified as ‘Briquet 4019’ (E37). (Briquet, 1985)\n- The visual content of Jacopo Amigoni’s painting known as ‘The Singer Farinelli and friends’ (E36) incorporates the musical notation of Farinelli’s musical work entitled ‘La Partenza’ (E73). (National Gallery of Victoria)\n- The visual content of Nicolas Poussin’s painting entitled ‘Les Bergers d’Arcadie’ (E36) incorporates the Latin phrase ‘Et in Arcadia ego’ (E33). (Wikipedia, 2020)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ E73(x)\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ E90(y)\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ P106(x,y)\n- P165(x,y) ⇒ ¬P165(y,x)\n"@en . "时期"@zh . "показан посредством"@ru . "P52 a pour propriétaire actuel"@fr . "was father for"@en . "P37" . "E15 Atribuição de Identificador"@pt . "begin of the end"@en . . "P146i verlor Mitglied durch"@de . . "P139" . "at some time within"@en . . "P90 имеет значение"@ru . "é localizado permanentemente em"@pt . "P33i 被使用"@zh . "hob Zuweisung auf von"@de . "E28 Objet conceptuel"@fr . "E57" . "est la projection temporelle de"@fr . "P54i είναι μόνιμη θέση του/της"@el . "est contenu ou soutenu par"@fr . . "P23i surrendered title through"@en . "Period"@en . . "E32 Referenzdokument"@de . "Γλώσσα"@el . . "P82 abrange no máximo"@pt . "P197 a couvert des parties de"@fr . . "é encontrada em"@pt . "被展示"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the activities that result in an instance of E39 Actor becoming a member of an instance of E74 Group. This class does not imply initiative by either party. It may be the initiative of a third party.\nTypical scenarios include becoming a member of a social organisation, becoming an employee of a company, marriage, the adoption of a child by a family, and the inauguration of somebody into an official position.\n\nExamples:\n- the election of Sir Isaac Newton as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689 (Gleick, 2003)\n- the inauguration of Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev as leader of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) in 1985 (Butson, 1986)\n- the implementation of the membership treaty between EU and Denmark, 1(st) January 1993\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E85(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . "P107 hat derzeitiges oder früheres Mitglied"@de . "使用特定技术"@zh . "появился в присутствии"@ru . "Diese Klasse dient dazu, Aussagen zum Werkstoff von Instanzen der Klasse Objekt anhand Instanzen der Klasse Quelleninhalt zu zu dokumentieren. \n\nBeispiel: \nDie Zuweisung des E57 Werkstoffs \"Pflanzliches Material\" im Kontext der Materialzuweisung für Object Fächer aus Palmblättern in Quelle Inventar 1694."@de . . "P101 hatte die allgemeine Verwendung"@de . "wurde hinzugefügt durch"@de . . "was observed in"@en . "μετρήθηκε από"@el . "foi formado por"@pt . "hat Begründung des Endes"@de . "Sprache"@de . . "E55 类型"@zh . "Πηγή Καθιερωμένων Όρων"@el . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E13 Attribute Assignment with the instance of E1 CRM Entity used in the attribution. The instance of E1 CRM Entity here plays the role of the range of the attribution.\nThe kind of attribution made should be documented using P177 assigned property of type (is type of property assigned).\n\nExamples:\n- The Current Ownership Assessment of Martin Doerr’s silver cup February 1997 (E13) assigned Martin Doerr (E21). (fictitious)\n- The Identifier Assignment on 1(st) June 1997 of the silver cup donated by Martin Doerr (E15) assigned 232 (E42). (fictitious)\n- The examination of MS Sinai Greek 418 (E13) assigned unsupported (E55.) (Honey & Pickwoad, 2010)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P141(x,y) ⇒ E13(x)\n- P141(x,y) ⇒ E1(y)\n"@en . "P39 μέτρησε"@el . . "influenced"@en . "E7 Atividade"@pt . "P107 tem ou teve membro"@pt . "est l’intervalle temporel de"@fr . "This class forms a sub-event within the context of class E10 Transfer of Custody. It describes the sub-process in which instances of class E39 Actor receive custody of instances of class E19 Physical Object, thereby becoming the subsequent owner within the context of the acquisition chain. The associated sub-process, which describes the transfer of custody by the previous owner actor, is described by instances of the class “Surrender of Custody”."@en . "P40 определил величину"@ru . "E10 Μεταβίβαση Κατοχής"@el . . "P13i was destroyed by"@en . "deassigned"@en . . "Physical Object"@en . . "Diese Klasse umfasst Zeichenketten oder Kodierungen, die Instanzen der Klasse Normdatei (nfdi4objects:Authorityfile) zugewiesen werden, um sie eindeutig und dauerhaft zu identifizieren."@de . "was identified by"@en . "fand statt in"@de . . "P69 é associado com"@pt . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E7 Activity to an instance of E55 Type, which classifies an instance of E70 Thing used in an instance of E7 Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of “a hammer”.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E7 Activity through P16 used specific object, E70 Thing, P2 has type, to E55 Type.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The English archers’ activity in the Battle of Agincourt (E7) used object of type long bow (E55). (Curry, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P125(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P125(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- P125(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E70(z) ∧ P16(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]\n"@en . "P140 分配属性于"@zh . "αποτελείται από"@el . "P101i foi uso de"@pt . "E70 Thing"@en . . . "P97 gab Vaterschaft"@de . . "E73 Informationsgegenstand"@de . "被涉及"@zh . "P46i" . . "P1i είναι αναγνωριστικό"@el . "获得成员"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises non-material products of our minds and other human produced data that have become objects of a discourse about their identity, circumstances of creation, or historical implication. The production of such information might have been supported by the use of technical devices such as cameras or computers.\nCharacteristically, instances of this class are created, invented or thought by someone, and then may be documented or communicated between persons. Instances of E28 Conceptual Object have the ability to exist on more than one particular carrier at the same time, such as paper, electronic signals, marks, audio media, paintings, photos, human memories, etc.\nThey cannot be destroyed. They exist as long as they can be found on at least one carrier or in at least one human memory. Their existence ends when the last carrier and the last memory are lost.\n\nExamples:\n- Beethoven’s “Ode an die Freude” (Ode to Joy) (E73) (Kershaw, 1999)\n- the definition of “ontology” in the Oxford English Dictionary (E73) (Oxford University Press, 1989)\n- the knowledge about the victory at Marathon carried by the famous runner (E89) (Lagos & Karyanos, 2020)\n- [Explanation note: The following examples illustrate the distinction between a propositional object, its names and its encoded forms. The Maxwell equations (Ball, 1962) are a good example, because they belong to the fundamental laws of physics and their mathematical content yields identical, unambiguous results regardless formulation and encoding.] \n- “Maxwell equations” (E41) [preferred subject access point from LCSH, http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85082387, accessed 18(th) April 2021. This is only the name for the Maxwell equations as standardized by the Library of Congress and not the equations themselves.]\n- “Equations, Maxwell” (E41) [variant subject access point from LCSH, http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85082387, accessed 18(th) April 2021. This is another name for the equation standardized by the Library of Congress and not the equations themselves.]\n- Maxwell's equations (E89) [This is the propositional content of the equations proper, independent of any particular notation or mathematical formalism.] (Ball, 1962)\n- The encoding of Maxwells equations as in https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/Maxwell%27sEquations.svg (E73) [accessed 18(th) April 2021. This is one possible symbolic encoding of the propositional content of the equations.]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E28(x) ⇒ E71(x)\n"@en . "P105 Rechte stehen zu"@de . "P11i nahm Teil an"@de . "P111 adicionou"@pt . "идентифицируется посредством"@ru . "被标识"@zh . "has former or current keeper"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E7 Activity to an instance of E55 Type, which classifies an instance of E70 Thing used in an instance of E7 Activity, when the specific instance is either unknown or not of interest, such as use of “a hammer”.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E7 Activity through P16 used specific object, E70 Thing, P2 has type, to E55 Type.\n\nExamples:\n- The English archers’ activity in the Battle of Agincourt (E7) used object of type long bow (E55). (Curry, 2015)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P125(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P125(x,y) ⇒ E55(y)\n- P125(x,y) ⇔ (∃z) [E70(z) ∧ P16(x,z) ∧ P2(z,y)]\n"@en . "Objet linguistique"@fr . "irgendwann innerhalb von"@de . "P130i признаки также найдены на"@ru . "Type of Dataset"@en . "был присвоен посредством"@ru . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the CRM Entities documented as instances of E31 Document. \nDocuments may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as making a proposition about reality. This may be of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense, or a more general statement.\n\nExamples:\n- The ‘Catalogue of the Greek coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia’ (E31) documents parts of the British Museum’s Collection (E78). (British Museum & Hill, 1922)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P70(x,y) ⇒ E31(x)\n- P70(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P70(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "P39 vermaß"@de . "beendete die Existenz von"@de . "se termine après la fin de"@fr . "P136i suportou a criação de tipo"@pt . "P127 a pour terme général"@fr . "P33i a été la technique spécifique mise en œuvre dans"@fr . "was formed from"@en . "ist derzeitiger Betreuer von"@de . "P86 está contido em"@pt . . "μετατράπηκε από"@el . . . "设计或程序"@zh . "era prevista a utilização de"@pt . "P130i features are also found on"@en . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the states of objects characterised by a certain condition over a time-span. \nAn instance of this class describes the prevailing physical condition of any material object or feature during a specific instance of E52 Time-Span. In general, the time-span for which a certain condition can be asserted may be shorter than the real time-span, for which this condition held.\nThe nature of that condition can be described using P2 has type. For example, the instance of E3 Condition State “condition of the SS Great Britain between 22(nd) September 1846 and 27(th) August 1847” can be characterized as an instance “wrecked” of E55 Type.\n\nExamples:\n- the \"reconstructed\" state of the “Amber Room” in Tsarskoje Selo from summer 2003 until now (Owen, 2009)\n- the \"ruined\" state of Peterhof Palace near Saint Petersburg from 1944 to 1946 (Maddox, 2015)\n- the state of my turkey in the oven at 14:30 on 25(th) December 2002 [P2 has type: E55 Type “still not cooked”] (fictitious)\n- the topography of the leaves of Sinai Printed Book 3234.2361 on the 10(th) July 2007 [described as: of type \"cockled\"] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E3(x) ⇒ E2(x)\n"@en . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the relationship between a preparatory activity, an instance of E7 Activity and the instance of E5 Event that it is intended as a preparation for.\nThis includes activities, orders and other organisational actions, taken in preparation for other activities or events. \nP20 had specific purpose (was purpose of) implies that the activity succeeded in achieving its aim. If it does not succeed, such as the setting of a trap that did not catch anything, the unrealized intention should be documented using P21 had general purpose (was purpose of): E55 Type and/or P33 used specific technique (was used by): E29 Design or Procedure.\n\nExamples:\n- Van Eyck’s pigment grinding in 1432 (E7) had specific purpose the painting of the Ghent altar piece (E12). (Borchert, 2008)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P20(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P20(x,y) ⇒ E5(y)\n"@en . "P187i is production plan for"@en . "P76i" . "P48 hat bevorzugtes Kennzeichen"@de . "P49i is former or current keeper of"@en . "конец конец"@ru . . "a pour actant détenteur actuel"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E39 Actor who surrender custody of an instance of E18 Physical Thing in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. \nThe property will typically describe an Actor surrendering custody of an object when it is handed over to someone else’s care. On occasion, physical custody may be surrendered involuntarily, e.g. through accident, loss, or theft.\nIn reality, custody is either transferred to someone or from someone, or both.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Secure Deliveries Inc. crew (E74) surrendered custody through the delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P28(x,y) ⇒ E10(x)\n- P28(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P28(x,y) ⇒ P14(x,y)\n"@en . "P26 bewegte bis zu"@de . "P22i 获得所有权"@zh . "当前拥有"@zh . "имеет действующего или бывшего члена"@ru . "P19 был предполагаемым использованием для"@ru . . "P21i a été la finalité de"@fr . . "P13i καταστράφηκε από"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property specifies that the temporal extent of the domain instance A of E2 Temporal Entity starts definitely before the start of the temporal extent of the range instance B of E2 Temporal Entity. \nIn other words, if A = [A(start), A(end)] and B = [B(start), B(end)], it means A(start) < B(start) is true. \nThis property is part of the set of temporal primitives P173 – P176, P182 – P185.\nThis property corresponds to a disjunction (logical OR) of the following Allen temporal relations (Allen, 1983): {before, meets, overlaps, contains, finished-by}. This property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_07.png\n\n\nFigure 14: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is longer than B\n\n\nhttps://cidoc-crm.org/html/version_images/images_7.1.3/image_08.png\n\n\nFigure 15: Temporal entity A starts before the start of temporal entity B. Here A is shorter than B\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The reign of King Harold II (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of Hastings (E7). (Wikipedia 2022a)\n- The life of Attila “the Hun” (E4) starts before the start of the Battle of the Catalaunian Plains (E7). [June 20, 451 AD] (Wikipedia 2022b)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(x)\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ E2(y)\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ P175(x,y)\n- [P176(x,y) ∧ P176(y,z)] ⇒ P176(x,z)\n- P176(x,y) ⇒ ¬P176(y,x)\n"@en . "符号对象"@zh . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises any gatherings or organizations of human individuals or groups that act collectively or in a similar way due to any form of unifying relationship. In the wider sense this class also comprises official positions which used to be regarded in certain contexts as one actor, independent of the current holder of the office, such as the president of a country. In such cases, it may happen that the group never had more than one member. A joint pseudonym (i.e. a name that seems indicative of an individual but that is actually used as a persona by two or more people) is a particular case of E74 Group.\nA gathering of people becomes an instance of E74 Group when it exhibits organizational characteristics usually typified by a set of ideas or beliefs held in common, or actions performed together. These might be communication, creating some common artifact, a common purpose such as study, worship, business, sports, etc. Nationality can be modelled as membership in an instance of E74 Group. Married couples and other concepts of family are regarded as particular examples of E74 Group.\n\nExamples:\n- the Impressionists (Wilson, 1994)\n- the Navajo (Correll, 1972)\n- the Greeks (Williams, 1993)\n- the peace protestors in New York City on 15(th) February 2003\n- Exxon-Mobil (Raymond, 2006)\n- King Solomon and his wives (Thieberger, 1947)\n- the President of the Swiss Confederation\n- Nicolas Bourbaki [the collective pseudonym of a group of mathematicians, predominantly French alumni of the École normale supérieure] (Aczel, 2007)\n- Betty Crocker (Crocker, 2012)\n- Ellery Queen [Ellery Queen is a pseudonym created in 1929 by American crime fiction writers Frederic Dannay and Manfred Bennington Lee.] (Wheat, 2005)\n- Greenpeace\n- Paveprime Ltd\n- the National Museum of Denmark\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E74(x) ⇒ E39(x)\n"@en . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E39 Actor to an instance of E30 Right over which the actor holds or has held a legal claim.\n\nExamples:\n- Michael Jackson (E21) possesses intellectual property rights on the Beatles’ back catalogue (E30). (Raga, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P75(x,y) ⇒ E39(x)\n- P75(x,y) ⇒ E30(y)\n"@en . . "P37 分配了"@zh . "wird bezeichnet als"@de . "Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E63 Beginning of Existence to the instance of E77 Persistent Item brought into existence by it.\nIt allows a “start” to be attached to any instance of E77 Persistent Item being documented, i.e., as instances of E70 Thing, E72 Legal Object, E39 Actor, E41 Appellation and E55 Type.\n\nExamples:\n- The birth of Mozart (E67) brought into existence Mozart (E21). (Deutsch, 1965)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P92(x,y) ⇒ E63(x)\n- P92(x,y) ⇒ E77(y) \n- P92(x,y) ⇒ P12(x,y)\n"@en . "wurde ausgeführt von"@de . "E27 Участок"@ru . . "离开"@zh . "setzte sich fort in"@de . "forms part of"@en . . "P182" . "P108i 被产生"@zh . "P138i 有描绘"@zh . "P129 касается"@ru . . "P68 foresees use of"@en . "end of the end"@en . "E34 Inschrift"@de . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property describes the active participation of an instance of E39 Actor in an instance of E7 Activity. \nIt implies causal or legal responsibility. The P14.1 in the role of property of the property specifies the nature of an Actor’s participation.\n\nExamples:\n- The painting of the Sistine Chapel (E7) carried out by Michelangelo Buonaroti (E21) in the role of master craftsman (E55). (Goldscheider, 1953)\n\nProperties:\n- P14.1 in the role of: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P14(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P14(x,y)⇒ E39(y)\n- P14(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n- P14(x,y,z) ⇒ [P14(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . . "contient"@fr . "перемещен в"@ru . "E68 Роспуск"@ru . "P109i является действующим или бывшим хранителем"@ru . "P180 has currency"@en . "hat Rechte an"@de . "E66 Gruppenbildung"@de . "P112i был уменьшен посредством"@ru . "Κωδικός Αναγνώρισης"@el . . "P17i" . . . . "E56 Langue"@fr . "E74 团体"@zh . "P90 a pour valeur"@fr . "pelo pai"@pt . . "P121" . . . "P4i is time-span of"@en . "faz parte de"@pt . "P187 has production plan"@en . "measured"@en . "Создание Типа"@ru . . "E52 Интервал Времени"@ru . "contém"@pt . "possède"@fr . "E3 Estado Material"@pt . "a été continué par"@fr . "转移所有权至"@zh . "P35 has identified"@en . . . "P68i use foreseen by"@en . "CRM Entität"@de . "обычно применяет"@ru . "listet"@de . . "P102i é título de"@pt . "P16 χρησιμοποίησε αντικείμενο"@el . "P72 имеет язык"@ru . "Μέτρηση"@el . "E28 Objeto Conceitual"@pt . . "E56 Language"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance of E39 Actor that leaves an instance of E74 Group through an instance of E86 Leaving.\n\nExamples:\n- The end of Sir Isaac Newton’s duty as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament in 1702 (E86) separated Sir Isaac Newton (E21). (Iliffe, 2013)\n- George Washington’s leaving office in 1797 (E86) separated George Washington (E21). (Unger, 2015)\n- The implementation of the treaty regulating the termination of Greenland membership in EU between EU, Denmark and Greenland 1(st) February 1985 (E86) separated Greenland (E74).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P145(x,y) ⇒ E86(x)\n- P145(x,y) ⇒ E39(y) \n- P145(x,y) ⇒ P11(x,y)\n"@en . . "被更改"@zh . "E26 Физический Признак"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis symmetric property associates an instance of E53 Place with another instance of E53 Place geometrically overlapping it. \nIt does not specify anything about the shared area. This property is purely spatial. It does not imply that phenomena that define, by their extent, places related by P121 overlaps with have ever covered a common area at the same time or even coexisted. In contrast, spatiotemporal overlaps described by P132 spatiotemporally overlaps are the total of areas simultaneously covered by the related spacetime volumes.\nThis property is symmetric. This property is reflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- The territory of the United States as in 2020 (E53) overlaps with the Arctic (E53). (Gannett et al., 1904)\n- The maximal extent of the Kingdom of Greece (1832-1973) (E53) overlaps with the maximal extent of the Republic of Turkey (29(th) October 1923 to now) (E53).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P121(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P121(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- P121(x,y) ⇒ P121(y,x)\n- P121(x,x)\n"@en . "E81 Umwandlung"@de . "E5 Событие"@ru . . . "P127i hat den Unterbegriff"@de . "被破坏"@zh . . "é composto de"@pt . "P59 has section"@en . "είναι ή ήταν επιμελητής του/της"@el . "provides access to"@en . "P11 tem participante"@pt . . . "απέδωσε ιδιότητα σε"@el . "Identificador de Objeto"@pt . "Person"@en . "P113 a retiré"@fr . "was duration of"@en . . "custódia transferida por meio de"@pt . "E98 Unité monétaire"@fr . . "P108 a produit"@fr . "augmented"@en . "This class comprises the documentation actions, the time at which an inventory number is assigned or the creation of a status log for an object by the curator or a collection employee. \n\nExample: Entry of an object data record in the collection database by employee XY."@en . "P4 βρισκόταν σε εξέλιξη"@el . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E41 Appellation with another instance of E41 Appellation that constitutes a derivative or variant of the former and that may also be used for identifying items identified by the former, in suitable contexts, independent from the particular item to be identified. This property should not be confused with additional variants of names used characteristically for a single, particular item, such as individual nicknames. It is a directed relationship, where the range expresses the derivative or variant and the domain the source of derivation or original form of variation, if such a direction can be established. Otherwise, the relationship is symmetric. \nMultiple names assigned to an object, which do not apply to all things identified with the specific instance of E41 Appellation, should be modelled as repeated values of P1 is identified by (identifies) of this object.\nP139.1 has type allows the type of derivation to be refined, for instance “transliteration from Latin 1 to ASCII”.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- “Martin Doerr” (E41) has alternative form “Martin Dörr” (E41) has type alternate spelling (E55).\n- “Гончарова, Наталья Сергеевна” (E41) has alternative form \"Gončarova, Natal´â Sergeevna\" (E41) has type ISO 9:1995 transliteration (E55).\n- “Αθήνα” (E41) has alternative form “Athina” (E41) has type transcription (E55).\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(x)\n- P139(x,y) ⇒ E41(y) \n- P139(x,y,z) ⇒ [P139(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- ¬P139(x,x)\n"@en . "P76" . "P24" . "has currency"@en . . "опека отдана"@ru . . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E52 Time-Span with an instance of E61 Time Primitive specifying a minimum period of time covered by it. Since Time-Spans may not have precisely known temporal extents, the CIDOC CRM supports statements about the minimum and maximum temporal extents of Time-Spans. This property allows a Time-Span’s minimum temporal extent (i.e., its inner boundary) to be assigned an E61 Time Primitive value. Time Primitives are treated by the CIDOC CRM as application or system specific date intervals, and are not further analysed. If different sources of evidence justify different minimum extents without contradicting each other, the smallest interval including all these extents will be the best estimate. This should be taken into account for information integration.\n\nExamples:\n- The time-span of the development of the CIDOC CRM (E52) ongoing throughout “1996-2003” (E61). (Doerr, 2003)\n- The Time-Span of the Thirty Years War (E52) ongoing throughout “23(rd) May 1618 AD until 24(th) October 1648 AD” (E61). (Bonney, 2014)\n- The time-span of the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (7(th) to 10(th) dynasty) (E52) ongoing throughout “2181 BC – 2160 BC” (E61). (Reid, 1993) [This is the minimal common agreement of two conflicting dates: James Henry Breasted dates the First Intermediate Period of Ancient Egypt (7(th) to 10(th) dynasty) from 2475BC to 2160BC in his Ancient Records (first published in 1906), volume 1, sections 58–75 (Breasted, 1906). Ian Shaw dates it from 2181BC to 2125BC in his Oxford History of Ancient Egypt (published in 2000), pp. 479–483 (Shaw, 2000).]\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P81(x,y) ⇒ E52(x) \n- P81(x,y) ⇒ E61(y)\n"@en . . "P67 refers to"@en . "P104 является объектом для"@ru . "Herstellung"@de . . . "最短范围是"@zh . "P82a Anfang des Anfangs"@de . "P51 有以往或当前所有者"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E89 Propositional Object with a structural part of it that is by itself an instance of E89 Propositional Object.\nThis property is transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- Dante’s “Divine Comedy” (E89) has component Dante’s “Hell” (E89). (Alighieri, 1956)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(x)\n- P148(x,y) ⇒ E89(y)\n- [P148(x,y) ∧ P148(y,z)] ⇒ P148(x,z)\n- P148(x,y) ⇒ ¬P148(y,x)\n"@en . "P45 包含"@zh . "обусловил"@ru . . "P107i is current or former member of"@en . "foi transformado por"@pt . . "Geschehendes"@de . "est exemplifié par"@fr . "E70 Sache"@de . "P91i" . "P53i является текущим или бывшим местоположением для"@ru . "P94 δημιούργησε"@el . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary(1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E53 Place with the instance of E18 Physical Thing that determines a reference space for this instance of E53 Place by being at rest with respect to this reference space. The relative stability of form of an instance of E18 Physical Thing defines its default reference space. The reference space is not spatially limited to the referred thing. For example, a ship determines a reference space in terms of which other ships in its neighbourhood may be described. Larger constellations of matter, such as continental plates, may comprise many physical features that are at rest with them and define the same reference space.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The spatial extent of the municipality of Athens in 2014 (E53) is at rest relative to The Royal Observatory in Greenwich (E25). (Maunder, 1900)\n- The place where Lord Nelson died on H.M.S. Victory (E53) is at rest relative to H.M.S. Victory (E22). (Adkin, 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P157(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P157(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n"@en . "P127i имеет нижестоящий термин"@ru . "has value"@en . "P164" . "E20 Objeto Biológico"@pt . "Chose"@fr . . "P139i is alternative form of"@en . "εμφανίζεται σε"@el . "P106i αποτελεί μέρος του/της"@el . "是以往或当前保管者"@zh . "This class comprises all types of possible uses and purposes of an instance of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object), in particular before they were removed from the economic cycle and entered a collection or museum context.\n\nExamples:\n- The use of the Behaim globe as a representative object in Nuremberg City Hall\n- The use of the Idia ivory pendant as a protective object in ceremonies in the Kingdom of Benin"@en . "αποτελείται από"@el . . . "This class includes the types of sources or their contents Source Content derived from the function of the source or the intention from which they were created, e.g.\n\n- Inventory\n- Directory\n- Catalogue\n- Travel Journal\n- Museum guide\n- Photograph"@en . "αναιρέθηκε από"@el . . . . "P130i χαρακτηριστικά του βρίσκονται επίσης σε"@el . "fällt in"@de . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property documents that an instance of E89 Propositional Object has as subject an instance of E1 CRM Entity. \nThis differs from P67 refers to (is referred to by), which refers to an instance of E1 CRM Entity, in that it describes the primary subject or subjects of an instance of E89 Propositional Object.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The text entitled ‘Reach for the sky’ (E33) is about Douglas Bader (E21). (Brickhill, 2001)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P129(x,y) ⇒ E89(x)\n- P129(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P129(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . . "a pour support"@fr . "commence après la fin de"@fr . "a transformé"@fr . "P41 klassifizierte"@de . "is current keeper of"@en . "P197i was partially covered by"@en . "P20i was purpose of"@en . "E13 Attribute Assignment"@en . . "P145 a dissocié"@fr . "Normdatei"@de . "E31 Document"@en . . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates two instances of E7 Activity, where the domain is considered as an intentional continuation of the range. A continuation of an activity may happen when the continued activity is still ongoing or after the continued activity has completely ended. The continuing activity may have started already before it decided to continue the other one. Continuation implies a coherence of intentions and outcomes of the involved activities.\nThis property is not transitive. This property is asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The construction of the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral), abandoned in the 15(th) century (E7), was continued by construction in the 19(th) century (E7). [The construction in the 19(th) century adapted the initial plans so as to preserve the intended appearance.] (Wolff, 1999)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P134(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P134(x,y)⇒ E7(y) \n- P134(x,y) ⇒ P15(x,y)\n- P134(x,y) ⇒ P176i(x,y)\n- P134(x,y) ⇒ ¬P134(y,x)\n"@en . "ist früherer oder derzeitiger Besitzer von"@de . "P12 a eu lieu en présence de"@fr . "comprend"@fr . "P69 关联"@zh . . "Role"@en . "P108 hat hergestellt"@de . "P17i 促动"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the CRM Entities documented as instances of E31 Document. \nDocuments may describe any conceivable entity, hence the link to the highest-level entity in the CIDOC CRM class hierarchy. This property is intended for cases where a reference is regarded as making a proposition about reality. This may be of a documentary character, in the scholarly or scientific sense, or a more general statement.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The ‘Catalogue of the Greek coins of Arabia, Mesopotamia and Persia’ (E31) documents parts of the British Museum’s Collection (E78). (British Museum & Hill, 1922)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P70(x,y) ⇒ E31(x)\n- P70(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P70(x,y) ⇒ P67(x,y)\n"@en . "P101 имел основное применение"@ru . . "P57 έχει αριθμό μερών"@el . "morreu em"@pt . "μετακινήθηκε προς"@el . . "P1i идентифицирует"@ru . "ήταν αφετηρία του/της"@el . "P138 represents"@en . "P7i υπήρξε τόπος του"@el . . "P26 移至"@zh . "tem ou teve membro"@pt . "commence avant le début de"@fr . "P42 απέδωσε ως ιδιότητα"@el . . "Art der Körperschaft"@de . "foi motivado por"@pt . . "resulted in"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies an instance of E53 Place that falls wholly within the extent of another instance of E53 Place.\nIt addresses spatial containment only and does not imply any relationship between things or phenomena occupying these places.\nThis property is transitive and reflexive.\n\nExamples:\n- The area covered by the World Heritage Site of Stonehenge (E53) falls within the area of Salisbury Plain (E53). (Pryor, 2016)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(x)\n- P89(x,y) ⇒ E53(y)\n- [P89(x,y) ∧ P89(y,z)] ⇒ P89(x,z)\n- P89(x,x)\n"@en . "P74 έχει ή είχε κατοικία"@el . . . "Начало Существования"@ru . . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the item to which a type was assigned in an E17 Type Assignment activity.\nAny instance of a CIDOC CRM entity may be assigned a type through type assignment. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).\n\nExamples:\n- The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) classified silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P41(x,y) ⇒ E17(x)\n- P41(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P41(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)\n"@en . . "Gruppe_Gesellschaft"@de . "P9" . "P197i" . "被转变"@zh . . "P39 测量了"@zh . "Normdaten ID"@de . "P86 falls within"@en . "é localização atual de"@pt . "début du début"@fr . . . "E67 Naissance"@fr . "Mark"@en . "P97 de père"@fr . "P108 παρήγαγε"@el . "shows features of"@en . "P198 contient ou soutient"@fr . "P24i mudou de proprietário por meio de"@pt . "был присвоен посредством"@ru . "P76 a pour coordonnées"@fr . . "P50i est l’actant détenteur actuel"@fr . "é suportado por"@pt . . "P45i est inclus dans"@fr . "E21 Pessoa"@pt . "Diese Klasse dient der Beschreibung von Instanzen der Klasse E22 Human Made Object."@de . "Typuszuweisung"@de . "P147 betreute kuratorisch"@de . "Diese Klasse beschreibt die Zuweisung eines Akteurs (crm:E39_Actor) im Kontext eines Ereignisses (crm:E5_Event). Sie beschreibt, welche konkreten Akteure (crm:E21_Person, nfdi4objects:Corporate_Body, nfdi4objects:Socienty_of_Origin) dabei zugewiesen wurden, welche Rolle (nfdi4objects:Role) diese innehatten und belegt durch möglichst genaue Quellenangabe (nfdi4objects:Source_Content_Section), woher diese Informationen stammen.\n\nBeispiel: \nDie Zuweisung von Hans Glockengießer im Kontext der Herstellung des Behaim Globus, wobei ihm die Rolle des Herstellers der Lehmkugel zukam. Diese Aussage stammt aus der Quelle \"Urkundliche Beiträge zur Geschichte der Bücherei des Nürnberger Rates, 1429–1538 (Die Ausgaben der Losunger auf M. Behaims “Mappa Mundi” 1494 und 1510)\" von J. Petz aus dem Jahr 1886."@de . "有当前永久位置"@zh . "E64 结束"@zh . "Diese Klasse umfasst digitale 3D-Modelle, die Repräsentationen von Instanzen der Klasse E71 Human-Made Thing darstellen, z.B. \n- das 3D-Modell der Kathedrale von Notre Dame in Paris \n- das 3D-Modell eines Hammerflügels"@de . "is current permanent location of"@en . "P23 转移所有权自"@zh . "Designação"@pt . "Identifikator"@de . "was intended for"@en . "P35 идентифицировал"@ru . "E98" . "право собственности отдано через"@ru . . "P7i 发生过"@zh . "Legal Object"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property describes the decomposition of an instance of E3 Condition State into discrete, subsidiary states. \nIt is assumed that the sub-states into which the condition state is analysed form a logical whole, although the entire story may not be completely known, and that the sub-states are in fact constitutive of the general condition state. For example, a general condition state of “in ruins” may be decomposed into the individual stages of decay. \nThis property is transitive and asymmetric.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The Condition State of the ruined Parthenon (E3) consists of the bombarded state after the explosion of a Venetian shell in 1687 (E3). (Mommsen, 1941)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(x)\n- P5(x,y) ⇒ E3(y)\n- [P5(x,y) ∧ P5(y,z)] ⇒ P5(x,z)\n- P5(x,y) ⇒ ¬P5(y,x)\n"@en . "Spacetime Volume"@en . . . "P129i είναι θέμα του/της"@el . "s’inscrivait dans"@fr . "P91i αποτελεί μονάδα μέτρησης του/της"@el . "P93 a mis fin à l’existence de"@fr . . "属于"@zh . "erwarb Mitglied durch"@de . "E8 Απόκτηση"@el . . "προστέθηκε από"@el . "P89 位于"@zh . "P93i deixou de existir"@pt . "foresees use of"@en . "Quantification: many to one (0,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records the preferred instance of E42 Identifier that was used to identify an instance of E1 CRM Entity at the time this property was recorded.\nMore than one preferred identifier may have been assigned to an item over time.\nUse of this property requires an external mechanism for assigning temporal validity to the respective CIDOC CRM instance.\nThe fact that an identifier is a preferred one for an organisation can be better expressed in a context independent form by assigning a suitable instance of E55 Type to the respective instance of E15 Identifier Assignment using the P2 has type property.\n\nExamples:\n- The pair of Lederhosen donated by Dr. Martin Doerr (E22) has preferred identifier “OXCMS:2001.1.32” (E42). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P48(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P48(x,y) ⇒ E42(y) \n- P48(x,y) ⇒ P1(x,y)\n"@en . "P109i is current or former curator of"@en . "E63 Daseinsbeginn"@de . "χαρακτηρίστηκε από"@el . "Transferência de Custódia"@pt . "Creation"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property records the item to which a type was assigned in an E17 Type Assignment activity.\nAny instance of a CIDOC CRM entity may be assigned a type through type assignment. Type assignment events allow a more detailed path from E1 CRM Entity through P41i was classified by, E17 Type Assignment, P42 assigned, to E55 Type for assigning types to objects compared to the shortcut offered by P2 has type (is type of).\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The classification of silver cup 232 on 31(st) August 1997 (E17) classified silver cup 232 (E22). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P41(x,y) ⇒ E17(x)\n- P41(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P41(x,y) ⇒ P140(x,y)\n"@en . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property relates an instance of E7 Activity with instances of E71 Human-Made Thing, created specifically for use in the activity. \nThis is distinct from the intended use of an item in some general type of activity such as the book of common prayer which was intended for use in Church of England services (see P101 had as general use (was use of)).\n\nExamples:\n- Lady Diana Spencer’s wedding dress (E71) was made for Wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer (E7) mode of use To Be Worn (E55). (Daly, 1981)\n\nProperties:\n- P19.1 mode of use: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P19(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P19(x,y) ⇒ E71(y)\n- P19(x,y,z) ⇒ [P19(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n"@en . "E37 Marque"@fr . "P39i was measured by"@en . "E77 Постоянная Сущность"@ru . "a assigné le type de propriété"@fr . . "P25 a déplacé"@fr . . . "P67i αναφέρεται από"@el . "P34i" . "is located on or within"@en . . "E86 离开"@zh . . "E33 Linguistic Object"@en . "spacetime volume is defined by"@en . "входит в состав"@ru . "wurde geschaffen durch"@de . "E20 Objet biologique"@fr . "P79 beginning is qualified by"@en . "P74 hat derzeitigen oder früheren Sitz"@de . "创建"@zh . "Début d’existence"@fr . "有之前或当前位置"@zh . "P43i είναι μέγεθος του"@el . "P92 a fait exister"@fr . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises events that end the existence of any instance of E77 Persistent Item. \nIt may be used for temporal reasoning about things (physical items, groups of people, living beings) ceasing to exist; it serves as a hook both a terminus post quem and a terminus ante quem. In cases where substance from an instance of E77 Persistent Item continues to exist in a new form, the process would be documented as instances of E81 Transformation.\n\nExamples:\n- the death of Snoopy, my dog (fictitious)\n- the melting of the snowman (E6)\n- the burning of the Temple of Artemis in Ephesos by Herostratos in 356 BC (E7, E6) (Trell, 1945)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E64(x) ⇒ E5(x)\n"@en . "E4 Περίοδος"@el . . "P7 совершался на"@ru . . . "E35 Titel"@de . . "has representation"@en . "имеет значение"@ru . . "Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die verschiedenen Arten der Klasse \"Befund\", z.B. \n\n- dendrochronologische Analyse\n- Inschrift mit Datierung\n- Konstruktionstechnik"@de . . "有注释"@zh . . "a reçu l’attribut par"@fr . "End of Existence"@en . "P68 sieht den Gebrauch vor von"@de . "является языком для"@ru . "Exhibition Type"@en . "P150i définit l’ensemble typique pour"@fr . "Quantification: one to many, necessary, dependent (1,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E65 Creation to the instance of E28 Conceptual Object created by it. \nIt represents the act of conceiving the intellectual content of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. It does not represent the act of creating the first physical carrier of the instance of E28 Conceptual Object. As an example, this is the composition of a poem, not its commitment to paper.\n\nExamples:\n- The composition of “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E65) has created “The Four Friends” by A. A. Milne (E33). (Milne, 2012)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P94(x,y) ⇒ E65(x)\n- P94(x,y) ⇒ E28(y) \n- P94(x,y) ⇒ P92(x,y)\n"@en . "wurde bewegt durch"@de . . "P128 承载"@zh . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises activities formally defining new types of items. \nIt is typically a rigorous scholarly or scientific process that ensures a type is exhaustively described and appropriately named. In some cases, particularly in archaeology and the life sciences, E83 Type Creation requires the identification of an exemplary specimen and the publication of the type definition in an appropriate scholarly forum. The activity modelled as an instance of E83 Type Creation is central to research in the life sciences, where a type would be referred to as a “taxon,” the type description as a “protologue,” and the exemplary specimens as “original element” or “holotype”.\n\nExamples:\n- creation of the taxon Penicillium brefeldianum (Dodge, 1933)\n- addition of class E85 Joining to the CIDOC CRM\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E83(x) ⇒ E65(x)\n"@en . "E15 Kennzeichenzuweisung"@de . . "E21 Личность"@ru . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing involved in an instance of E8 Acquisition. \nIn reality, an acquisition must refer to at least one transferred item.\n\nExamples:\n- The acquisition of the Amoudruz collection by the Geneva Ethnography Museum (E8) transferred title of the Amoudruz Collection (E78).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P24(x,y) ⇒ E8(x)\n- P24(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n"@en . "P70 documents"@en . "συνέχισε"@el . "P81 a couvert"@fr . "使用对象类型"@zh . "P147 curated"@en . "P5 comprend"@fr . "P38 hob Zuweisung auf von"@de . . "E12 Production"@en . "είχε ως αποτέλεσμα"@el . "P50i é guardador de"@pt . "E10 Transfert de la garde"@fr . "P17i motivou"@pt . "usou técnica geral"@pt . . "P74i" . . "Akteurzuweisung"@de . "被创建"@zh . "关联"@zh . "P142i 用于"@zh . "P101i" . "E77 Entidade Persistente"@pt . "E37 标记"@zh . "ends before the start of"@en . "P26 locomoveu para"@pt . "P122 grenzt an"@de . . "P99i" . "Quantification: many to one, necessary (1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property establishes the relationship between an instance of E97 Monetary Amount and the instance of E98 Currency that it is measured in.\n\nExamples:\n- Christie’s hammer price for Vincent van Gogh’s “Still Life: Vase with Fifteen Sunflowers” in London on 30(th) March 1987 (E97) has currency British Pounds (E98).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P180(x,y) ⇒ E97(x)\n- P180(x,y) ⇒ E98(y)\n- P180(x,y) ⇒ P91(x,y)\n"@en . "Bildgebungsverfahren"@de . "Criação de Tipo"@pt . "P189 approxime"@fr . "P97i" . "tinha propósito específico"@pt . "P35 hat identifiziert"@de . "é dimensão de"@pt . "P135 created type"@en . "has temporal projection"@en . "defines typical parts of"@en . "P104i применяется к"@ru . . "实物"@zh . "P185" . "E22 Objet élaboré par l’humain"@fr . "had duration"@en . "δικαίωμα κατέχεται από"@el . "Design- oder Technikzuweisung"@de . . "P72 有语种"@zh . "P76 有联系方式"@zh . "Authorityfile"@en . "имеет величину"@ru . "是当前保管者"@zh . "P147i a été géré par"@fr . . . "有特定目的"@zh . "создал"@ru . "是使用的对象类型"@zh . "présente les caractéristiques de"@fr . "P195 a été une présence de"@fr . "P11i" . "P147 a géré"@fr . "P68 normalmente emprega"@pt . "est le type de propriété assigné"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to one, necessary(1,1:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property relates an instance of E93 Presence with the instance of E52 Time-Span that defines the time-slice of the spacetime volume that this instance of E93 Presence is related to via the property P166 was a presence of (had presence).\nThere are two typical cases for the determination of the related instance of E52 Time-Span. In the first, it is the temporal extent of an instance of E2 Temporal Entity (documented with P4 has time-span (is time-span of)): this then documents the simultaneity of the instance of E93 Presence and the instance of E2 Temporal Entity, even if the absolute time-span is not known, and can be regarded as a phenomenal time-span. In the second, the instance of E52 Time-Span is a date range declared in or derived from historical sources or provided by dating methods: this is a declarative time-span.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- 2016-02-09 (E52) temporally specifies the last day of the 2016 Carnival in Cologne (E93).\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts in December 1755 (E93) is temporally specified by December 1755 (E52.) (Leppmann, 1970)\n- Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s whereabouts from 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E93) is temporally specified by 19(th) November 1755 until 9(th) April 1768 (E52). (Leppmann, 1970)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P164(x,y) ⇒ E93(x)\n- P164(x,y) ⇒ E52(y)\n- P164(x,y) ⇒ P160(x,y)\n"@en . "去除了"@zh . . . "найден на"@ru . "начало ограничено"@ru . "P187 a pour plan de production"@fr . "P53i é ou foi localização de"@pt . "P95i" . "é apresentado por"@pt . "P54i 是当前永久位置"@zh . "This class is used to document statements made about the location of instances of the Object class, such as their location in the collection space, the place of their creation, the place where they were found, or the place where they were acquired."@en . . "P129i является предметом для"@ru . . "a modifié"@fr . "αρχή προσδιορίζεται από"@el . . "P73" . "Geburt"@de . "E99 Modèle de produit"@fr . "P8i υπήρξε τόπος του"@el . . "verificou a dimensão"@pt . "Присвоение Типа"@ru . . "Объект Права"@ru . "P98i est né"@fr . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the deaths of human beings. \nIf a person is killed, their death should be instantiated as E69 Death and as E7 Activity. The death or perishing of other living beings should be documented as instances of E64 End of Existence.\n\nExamples:\n- the murder of Julius Caesar (E69, E7) (Irwin, 1935)\n- the death of Senator Paul Wellstone (Monast and Tao, 2002)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E69(x) ⇒ E64(x)\n"@en . . "P43 имеет величину"@ru . . . . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises documented plans for the execution of actions in order to achieve a result of a specific quality, form, or contents. In particular, it comprises plans for deliberate human activities that may result in new instances of E71 Human-Made Thing or for shaping or guiding the execution of an instance of E7 Activity.\nInstances of E29 Design or Procedure can be structured in parts and sequences or depend on others.\nThis is modelled using P69 has association with (is associated with): E29 Design or Procedure.\nDesigns or procedures can be seen as one of the following:\n1. A schema for the activities it describes\n2. A schema of the products that result from their application\n3. An independent intellectual product that may have never been applied, such as Leonardo da Vinci’s famous plans for flying machines\nBecause designs or procedures may never be applied or only partially executed, the CIDOC CRM models a loose relationship between the plan and the respective product.\n\nExamples:\n- the ISO standardisation procedure\n- the musical notation for Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy” (Kershaw, 1999)\n- the architectural drawings for the Kölner Dom (Cologne Cathedral) in Cologne, Germany (Wolff, 1999)\n- the drawing found on Folio 860 of the Codex Atlanticus from Leonardo da Vinci, 1486 to 1490, kept in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E29(x) ⇒ E73(x)\n"@en . "was motivated by"@en . "P93i a cessé d’exister par"@fr . "P74i είναι ή ήταν κατοικία του/της"@el . "导致存在的是"@zh . "формирует часть"@ru . "P40i was observed in"@en . "имел конкретную цель"@ru . . . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies something that is depicted by an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing. Depicting is meant in the sense that an instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing intentionally shows, through its optical qualities or form, a representation of the entity depicted. Photographs are by default regarded as being intentional in this sense. Anything that is designed to change the properties of the depiction, such as an e-book reader, is specifically excluded. The property does not pertain to inscriptions or any other information encoding.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E24 Physical Human-Made Thing through P65 shows visual item, E36 Visual Item, P138 represents to E1 CRM Entity. P62.1 mode of depiction allows the nature of the depiction to be refined.\n\nExamples:\n- The painting “La Liberté guidant le peuple” by Eugène Delacroix (E22) depicts the French “July Revolution” of 1830 (E7). (Delacroix, 1982)\n- The 20 pence coin held by the Department of Coins and Medals of the British Museum under registration number 2006,1101.126 (E22) depicts Queen Elizabeth II (E21) mode of depiction Profile (E55).\n\nProperties:\n- P62.1 mode of depiction: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P62(x,y) ⇒ E24(x)\n- P62(x,y) ⇒ E1(y) \n- P62(x,y,z) ⇒ [P62(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P62(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E36(z) ˄ P65(x,z) ˄ P138(z,y)]\n"@en . "применяется к"@ru . "tem seção"@pt . "касается"@ru . "P92i" . "P126i 被用于"@zh . "Период"@ru . . "P152 has parent"@en . . "P86i περιέχει"@el . . "possui direitos sobre"@pt . "consists of"@en . "P70i" . "P14 wurde ausgeführt von"@de . . "документирован в"@ru . "P175i" . "P32 a mobilisé comme technique générale"@fr . "E87 Curation Activity"@en . "有联系方式"@zh . "trouxe à existência"@pt . "P94 has created"@en . "E5 Ereignis"@de . "P191i" . "P22 übertrug Besitztitel auf"@de . "P26i war Zielort von"@de . "Scope note:\nThis class comprises the activities that contribute to the management and the preservation and evolution of instances of E78 Curated Holding, following an implicit or explicit curation plan. \nIt specializes the notion of activity into the curation of a collection and allows the history of curation to be recorded.\nItems are accumulated and organized following criteria such as subject, chronological period, material type, style of art, etc., and can be added or removed from an instance of E78 Curated Holding for a specific purpose and/or audience. The initial aggregation of items to form a collection is regarded as an instance of E12 Production Event, while the activities of evolving, preserving, and promoting a collection are regarded as instances of E87 Curation Activity.\n\nExamples:\n- the curation of Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium 1876 to 1909 (when Foslie died), now at the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology, Norway (Woelkerling et al., 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- E87(x) ⇒ E7(x)\n"@en . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies the instance of E57 Material employed in an instance of E11 Modification.\nThe instance of E57 Material used during the instance of E11 Modification does not necessarily become incorporated into the instance of E24 Physical Human-Made Thing that forms the subject of the instance of E11 Modification.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The repairing of the Queen Mary (E11) employed Steel (E57). [Beginning October 1942] (Britton, 2012)\n- Distilled water (E57) was employed in the restoration of the Sistine Chapel (E11). (Pietrangeli, 1986)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P126(x,y) ⇒ E11(x)\n- P126(x,y) ⇒ E57(y)\n"@en . "Pessoa"@pt . "E72 Rechtsobjekt"@de . . "P29 custódia recebida por"@pt . "является типом для"@ru . . "P21" . "是类型"@zh . . "P98 a donné vie à"@fr . . "E52" . "P166 a été une présence de"@fr . . "P198i is held or supported by"@en . "Instances of the Iconographic Motif class include motifs or symbols that are attached to instances of the Object class (nfdi4objects:Object) and are assigned or interpreted in the context of iconographic assignments (nfdi4objects:Iconography_Assignment). The iconographic description or the assignment of iconographic motifs is a method of art history. Iconographic motifs are usually assigned in the context of research projects (nfdi4objects:Research_Activity) or object documentation (nfdi4objects:Object_Documentation). \nIconclass or Getty Iconography Authority is generally used as the Authorityfile (nfdi4objects:Authorityfile) for the standardized referencing of the respective iconographic motifs.\n\n\nExample:\nThe motive of St. George, on which the statue \"The Great Elector Frederick William as St. George\" is based, which is now in the Sculpture Collection and Museum of Byzantine Art of the National Museums in Berlin under inventory number 856."@en . "P102 有题名"@zh . "P89i 包括"@zh . . "P97 from father"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E87 Curation Activity with the instance of E78 Curated Holding with that is subject of that curation activity following some implicit or explicit curation plan.\n\nExamples:\n- The curation activity of the Benaki Museum for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection (E87) curated The Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the Benaki Museum (E78). [The curation activity included the acquisition of dolls and games of urban and folk manufacture dating from the 17(th) to the 20(th) century, from England, France and Germany for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the museum.] (Benaki Museum, 2016)\n- The curation activity for the permanent Numismatic Collection of the Historical Museum of Crete, Heraklion, Crete from 2005 up to the present (E87) curated the Numismatic Collection (E78). (Historical Museum of Crete, 2005)\n- The curation activity of Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E87) curated the Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78). (Woelkerling et al., 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P147(x,y) ⇒ E87(x)\n- P147(x,y) ⇒ E78(y)\n"@en . "参与者"@zh . "Instances of this class describe the different types of the “Reception” class, e.g. \n- Facsimile\n- Film"@en . . . "χρησιμοποιήθηκε σε"@el . "P28 custódia concedida por"@pt . "P43i" . . . "был использован для"@ru . "P138i" . . "had participant"@en . "P111i wurde hinzugefügt durch"@de . "a mis fin à la garde par"@fr . "Gegenstand von"@de . "E35 Τίτλος"@el . "E80 Part Removal"@en . . "P13i 被破坏"@zh . "commence avant ou au moment de la fin de"@fr . "befindet sich auf oder in"@de . . . "P137i is exemplified by"@en . "P195i" . "Befund"@de . . . . "E73 Objet informationnel"@fr . . "P52 有当前所有者"@zh . . "has parent"@en . "Quantification: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property identifies the instance(s) of E18 Physical Thing concerned in an instance of E10 Transfer of Custody. \nThe property will typically describe the object that is handed over by an instance of E39 Actor to the custody of another instance of E39 Actor. On occasion, physical custody may be transferred involuntarily or illegally, e.g. through accident, unsolicited donation, or theft.\n\nExamples:\n- The delivery of the paintings by Secure Deliveries Inc. to the National Gallery (E10) transferred custody of paintings from The Iveagh Bequest (E19).\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P30(x,y) ⇒ E10(x)\n- P30(x,y) ⇒ E18(y)\n"@en . . . "P125i Objekt des Typus ... wurde benutzt in"@de . "entfernte"@de . "ergab sich aus"@de . "P31i был изменен посредством"@ru . "P8i bezeugte"@de . "P184i ends with or after the end of"@en . "contém"@pt . "P20 имел конкретную цель"@ru . "continuou"@pt . . "包括"@zh . "P108 произвел"@ru . "Movement from"@en . . "Физический Признак"@ru . "is spatial projection of"@en . "Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E19 Physical Object to an instance of E26 Physical Feature that it bears.\nAn instance of E26 Physical Feature can only exist on one object. One object may bear more than one E26 Physical Feature. An instance of E27 Site should be considered as an instance of E26 Physical Feature on the surface of the Earth.\nAn instance B of E26 Physical Feature being a detail of the structure of another instance A of E26 Physical Feature can be linked to B by use of the property P46 is composed of (forms part of). This implies that the subfeature B is P56i is found on the same E19 Physical Object as A. \nThis property is a shortcut. A more detailed representation can make use of the fully developed (i.e. indirect) path E19 Physical Object, through, P59 has section, E53 Place, P53i is former or current location of to E26 Physical Feature.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) bears feature 32 mm scratch on silver cup 232 (E26). (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P56(x,y) ⇒E19(x)\n- P56(x,y) ⇒ E26(y)\n- P56(x,y) ⇒ P46(x,y)\n- P56(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E53(z) ˄ P59(x,z) ˄ P53i(z,y)]\n"@en . "有以往或当前保管者"@zh . "P107i 是当前或以往成员"@zh . "é propriedade de"@pt . "P17 wurde angeregt durch"@de . "σχημάτισε"@el . . "P48i is preferred identifier of"@en . "a pour langue"@fr . "Instanzen dieser Klasse gebent an, ob der Datensatz von einem Einzelobjekt oder einer Objektgruppe handelt. Es wird aufgrund der Kompatibilität der Minimaldatensatz-Empfehlung mit dem Harvestingformat LIDO benötigt. Für Einzelobjekte soll der Elementwert http://terminology.lido-schema.org/lido00141 (= Einzelobjekt) lauten."@de . "P102 имеет заголовок"@ru . "P82a αρχή της αρχής"@el . . "Diese Klasse beschreibt das allgemeine Konzept der archäologischen Ausgrabung als koordinierte Reihe von Ausgrabungseinheiten (A1), die in einem Gebiet durchgeführt werden, das als Teil eines breiteren topografischen, ländlichen, städtischen oder monumentalen Kontextes betrachtet wird. Eine archäologische Ausgrabung findet typischerweise in einem vordefinierten geografischen Gebiet statt, das nach einer Untersuchungskampagne oder auf der Grundlage von Quelleninterpretationen festgelegt wurde oder das durch eine andere Aktivität belegt ist (wie z. B. vorbereitende Arbeiten für den Städtebau, Rettungsarchäologie und ähnliches), und wird mit spezifischen Genehmigungen einer zuständigen Behörde durchgeführt. Für jede archäologische Ausgrabung wird in der Regel von der gleichen Behörde eine spezifische Kennung vergeben. Die Tätigkeiten beschränken sich nicht nur auf die Entnahme von Material, sondern umfassen auch Geschwisteraktivitäten, die während des gesamten Prozesses stattfinden und der Beobachtung und/oder Konsolidierung der ausgegrabenen Schichten dienen. Die archäologische Ausgrabung steht in der Regel unter der Verantwortung eines offiziell benannten Koordinators, der rechtlich und wissenschaftlich für alle in den einzelnen Grabungseinheiten durchgeführten Tätigkeiten verantwortlich ist und auch für die Dokumentation des gesamten Prozesses zuständig ist."@de . "P54i is current permanent location of"@en . "E20" . "P108" . "P28 custody surrendered by"@en . "Ον"@el . "E65 Begriffliche Schöpfung"@de . . . "P54 a actuellement pour localisation fixe"@fr . . "P50i ist derzeitiger Betreuer von"@de . "Geo-Koordinaten"@de . "Ein Standort ist ein Ort, der dazu dient, Dinge auf einer subgeographischen Ebene zu lokalisieren. Anders als geografische Orte haben sie möglicherweise keinen Ortsnamen und sind nicht in Ortsverzeichnissen wie GeoNames zu finden, sondern werden beschrieben/umgeschrieben, meist durch \"sprechende Titel\". Ein Standort kann jedoch durch räumliche Koordinaten angegeben werden.\nAls geographische Referenz kann ein Standort mit dem/einem geografischen Ort, an dem er sich befindet, verknüpft werden.\n\nBeispiel:\n- Eine bestimmte Einzelpflanze wurde \"unter der ersten Eiche links vom Haupttor\" gefunden.\n- Die Position eines Objekts befindet sich im Regal \"XII-3\".\n- Ein Objekt wurde \"in den Überresten des Gebäudes X\" gefunden. (wobei Gebäude X der umgebende\ngeografische Ort sein könnte."@de . "This class includes the material remains of human history that have been intentionally added by human activity to the inventory of a collection and curated by one or more instances of E39_Actor over time.\n\nExamples:\n\nThe Behaim Globe from 1492/94, which is now in the Germanisches Nationalmuseum in Nuremberg\nThe Rosetta Stone, carved in the Hellenistic period, looted in 1799 in the context of Napoleonic campaigns and in the collection of the British Museum in London since 1802"@en . "P113 removed"@en . "P128" . . "P73 hat Übersetzung"@de . "Quantification: one to many, necessary (1,n:0,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property links an instance of E6 Destruction to an instance of E18 Physical Thing that has been destroyed by it. \nDestruction implies the end of an item’s life as a subject of cultural documentation – the physical matter of which the item was composed may in fact continue to exist. An instance of E6 Destruction may be contiguous with an instance of E12 Production that brings into existence a derived object composed partly of matter from the destroyed object.\n\nExamples:\n- The Tay Bridge Disaster (E6) destroyed the Tay Bridge (E22). (Thomas, 1972)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P13(x,y) ⇒ E6 (x)\n- P13(x,y) ⇒ E18(y) \n- P13(x,y) ⇒ P93(x,y)\n"@en . . . . "P95i foi formado por"@pt . "P93 αναίρεσε"@el . "benutzte das allgemeine Verfahren"@de . "P141i αποδόθηκε από"@el . . "έχει μονάδα μέτρησης"@el . "E29 Σχέδιο"@el . "получил опеку через"@ru . "E37" . . "Quantification: one to many, dependent (0,n:1,1)\n\nScope note:\nThis property records an E3 Condition State for some E18 Physical Thing.\nThis property is a shortcut of the more fully developed path from E18 Physical Thing through P34i was assessed by, E14 Condition Assessment, P35 has identified to E3 Condition State. It offers no information about how and when the E3 Condition State was established, nor by whom. \nAn instance of E3 Condition State is specific to an instance of E18 Physical Thing.\n\nExamples:\n- Silver cup 232 (E22) has condition oxidation traces were present in 1997 (E3). [which has type (P2) oxidation traces (E55)] (fictitious)\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P44(x,y) ⇒ E18(x)\n- P44(x,y) ⇒ E3(y)\n- P44(x,y) ⇐ (∃z) [E14(z) ˄ P34i(x,z) ˄ P35(z,y)]\n"@en . "Modification"@en . "P152i" . "P113i 被去除"@zh . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property identifies a specific instance of E29 Design or Procedure in order to carry out an instance of E7 Activity or parts of it. \nThe property differs from P32 used general technique (was technique of) in that P33 refers to an instance of E29 Design or Procedure, which is a concrete information object in its own right rather than simply being a term or a method known by tradition. \nTypical examples would include intervention plans for conservation or the construction plans of a building.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The ornamentation of silver cup 232 (E11) used specific technique ‘Instructions for golden chase work by A N Other’ (E29). (fictitious)\n- The rebuilding of the German Reichstag in Berlin (E11) used specific technique Architectural plans by Foster and Partners (E29). (Foster, 2000)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P33(x,y) ⇒ E7(x)\n- P33(x,y) ⇒ E29(y)\n- P33(x,y) ⇒ P16(x,y)\n"@en . "P49i" . "P123i был результатом"@ru . "Quantification: many to many (0,n:0,n)\n\nScope note:\nThis property associates an instance of E1 CRM Entity with an instance of E55 Type for which it has been declared to be a particularly characteristic example.\nThe P137.1 in the taxonomic role property of P137 exemplifies (is exemplified by) allows differentiation of taxonomic roles. The taxonomic role renders the specific relationship of this example to the type, such as “prototypical”, “archetypical”, “lectotype”, etc. The taxonomic role “lectotype” is not associated with the instance of E83 Type Creation itself but is selected in a later phase.\n\nExamples:\n- Object BM000098044 of the Clayton Herbarium (E20) exemplifies ‘Spigelia marilandica’ (L.) L. (E55) in the taxonomic role lectotype (E55). (Natural History Museum, 2021)\n\nProperties:\n- P137.1 in the taxonomic role: E55 Type\n\nIn First Order Logic:\n- P137(x,y) ⇒ E1(x)\n- P137(x,y) ⇒ E55(y) \n- P137(x,y,z) ⇒ [P137(x,y) ∧ E55(z)]\n- P137(x,y) ⇒ P2(x,y)\n"@en . "E15" . "P14i 执行"@zh . "est le support de"@fr . . "содержится в"@ru . "P32i" . "P59i находится на или внутри"@ru . . . "P67 renvoie à"@fr . "Quantification of the inverse property: many to many, necessary (1,n:0,n)\n\nScope note of the inverse property:\nThis property associates an instance of E87 Curation Activity with the instance of E78 Curated Holding with that is subject of that curation activity following some implicit or explicit curation plan.\n\nExamples of the inverse property:\n- The curation activity of the Benaki Museum for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection (E87) curated The Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the Benaki Museum (E78). [The curation activity included the acquisition of dolls and games of urban and folk manufacture dating from the 17(th) to the 20(th) century, from England, France and Germany for the Toys, Games and Childhood Collection of the museum.] (Benaki Museum, 2016)\n- The curation activity for the permanent Numismatic Collection of the Historical Museum of Crete, Heraklion, Crete from 2005 up to the present (E87) curated the Numismatic Collection (E78). (Historical Museum of Crete, 2005)\n- The curation activity of Mikael Heggelund Foslie (E87) curated the Mikael Heggelund Foslie’s coralline red algae Herbarium (E78). (Woelkerling et al., 2005)\n\nIn First Order Logic of the inverse property:\n- P147(x,y) ⇒ E87(x)\n- P147(x,y) ⇒ E78(y)\n"@en . . "vermaß"@de . . . . "ends after the end of"@en . "hat den Oberbegriff"@de . "P135i был создан посредством"@ru .