@prefix : <http://objekte-im-netz.fau.de/ontology/palaeo/> .
@prefix owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

: a owl:Ontology ;
    rdfs:comment "Changelog see http://objekte-im-netz.fau.de/projekt/node/51" ;
    owl:imports <http://objekte-im-netz.fau.de/ontology/common/> ;
    owl:versionIRI <http://objekte-im-netz.fau.de/ontology/palaeo-180119/> .

:N1_has_component a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:range :S95_Component_Type ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/P45_consists_of> ;
    owl:inverseOf :N1i_is_component_of .

:N2_in_environment a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :S2_Rock_Genesis ;
    rdfs:range :S96_Environment_of_Rock_Genesis ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/P8_took_place_on_or_within> ;
    owl:inverseOf :N2i_was_environment_for .

:N3_is_described_by a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:comment "Connects an S108_Environment with instances of S98_Characteristics_of_the_Environment (E55_Type). THese instances should be terms from a controlled vocabulary." ;
    rdfs:domain :S108_Environment ;
    rdfs:range :S98_Characteristics_of_the_Environment ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/P2_has_type> ;
    owl:inverseOf :N3i_describes .

:S100_Rocktype a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst Begriffe, die den Typus des jeweiligen Gesteins beschreiben. Diese unterteilen die Gesteine in relativ grobe Untergruppen, je nach Entstehungsgeschichte des Gesteins. 

Z.B. Allochthonous marine carbonate, Marble""",
        """This class comprises terms that describe the type of rock. These subdivide the rocks into relatively coarse subgroups, depending on the history of the formation of the rock. 

E.g. Allochthonous marine carbonate, Marble""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://objekte-im-netz.fau.de/ontology/common/S93_Collection_Object_Classification> .

:S101_Dunham_Classification a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Klassifikation der Karbonatgesteine gemäß der Dunham Klassifikation. Als Dunham-Klassifikation wird in der Geologie eine Klassifikation der Kalksteine aufgrund ihrer Ablagerungsvorgänge bezeichnet. Sie wurde erstmals von Robert Dunham im Jahr 1962 veröffentlicht, nachträglich von Ashton F. Embry und J.E. Klovan im Jahr 1971 modifiziert und 1992 von Wright überarbeitet. 

Z.B. 
- Mudstone
- Wackestone
- Packstone
- Grainstone
- Floatstone
- Rudstone
- Framestone
- Bindstone
- Bafflestone""",
        """This class includes the classification of carbonate rocks according to the Dunham classification. In geology, the Dunham Classification is a classification of limestone based on its depositional processes. It was first published by Robert Dunham in 1962, subsequently modified by Ashton F. Embry and J.E. Klovan in 1971 and revised by Wright in 1992.

E.g.
- Mudstone
- Wackestone
- Packstone
- Grainstone
- Floatstone
- Rudstone
- Framestone
- Bindstone
- Bafflestone""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S102_Standard_Microfacies_Type a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Einteilung von Karbonatgesteinen in Standard Mikrofazies Typen. Unter Berücksichtigung sowohl der sedimentologischen als auch der palökologischen Daten können die in verschieden fossilen Kalken beobachtbaren Mikrofazies-Typen zu Grundtypen zusammengefasst werden, welche die Ablagerungs- und Lebensbedingungen in einem bestimmten Sedimentationsbereich widerspiegeln. 

Z.B.
- SMF 1: Spiculitic wackestone or packstone, often with calcisiltite matrix. Subtype emphasizes burrowing
- SMF 2: Microbioclastic peloidal calcisiltite with fine grainstone and packstone fabrics
- SMF 3: Pelagic lime mudstone and wackestones with abundant pelagic microfossils. Subtypes differentiate the groups of planktonic organisms
- SMF 4: Microbreccia, bio- and lithoclastic packstone or rudstone
- SMF 5: Allochthonaus bioclastic grainstone, rudstone, packstone, floatstone, breccia with reef derived biota
- SMF 6: Densely packed reef rudstone.|SMF 6: Densely packed reef rudstone.
- SMF 7: Organic boundstone. Subtypes try to differentiate the kind of contribution by potential reefbuilders to the formation of reefs and other buildups
- SMF 8: Wackestones and floatstones with whole fossils and well-preserved endo- and epibiota.|SMF 8: Wackestones and floatstones with whole fossils and well-preserved endo- and epibiota.
- SMF 9: Strongly burrowed bioclastic wackestone
- SMF 10: Bioclastic packstone and wackestone with abraded and worn skeletal grains
- SMF 11: Coated bioclastic grainstone
- SMF 12: Limestone with shell concentrations. Subtypes characterize shell-providing fossils
- SMF 13: Oncoid rudstone and grainstone
- SMF 14: Lag deposit
- SMF 15: Oolite, commonly grainstone but also wackestone. Subtypes highlight the structure of ooids
- SMF 16: Peloid grainstone and packstone. Subtypes differentiate non-laminated and Iaminated rocks
- SMF 17: Grainstone with aggregate grains (grapestones)
- SMF 18: Bioclastic grainstone and packstone with abundant and rock-building benthic foraminifera or calcareous green algae. Subtypes describe the systematic assignment of the various groups
- SMF 19: Densely Iaminated bindstone
- SMF 20: Laminated stromatolitic bindstone/boundstone
- SMF 21: Fenestral packstone and bindstone. Subtypes characterize fenestral voids and the contribution of calcimicrobes
- SMF 22: Oncoid floatstone and wackestone
- SMF 23: Non-laminated homogenaus micrite or microsparite without fossils
- SMF 24: Lithoclastic floatstone, rudstone or breccia
- SMF 25: Laminated evaporite-carbonate mudstone
- SMF 26: Pisoid cementstone, rudstone or packstone""",
        """This class includes the classification of carbonate rocks into standard microfacies types. Taking into account both sedimentological and palecological data, the microfacies observed in different fossil limestones can be grouped into basic types that reflect the depositional and living conditions in a particular sedimentation area.

E.g.
- SMF 1: Spiculitic wackestone or packstone, often with calcisiltite matrix. Subtype emphasizes burrowing
- SMF 2: Microbioclastic peloidal calcisiltite with fine grainstone and packstone fabrics
- SMF 3: Pelagic lime mudstone and wackestones with abundant pelagic microfossils. Subtypes differentiate the groups of planktonic organisms
- SMF 4: Microbreccia, bio- and lithoclastic packstone or rudstone
- SMF 5: Allochthonaus bioclastic grainstone, rudstone, packstone, floatstone, breccia with reef derived biota
- SMF 6: Densely packed reef rudstone.|SMF 6: Densely packed reef rudstone.
- SMF 7: Organic boundstone. Subtypes try to differentiate the kind of contribution by potential reefbuilders to the formation of reefs and other buildups
- SMF 8: Wackestones and floatstones with whole fossils and well-preserved endo- and epibiota.|SMF 8: Wackestones and floatstones with whole fossils and well-preserved endo- and epibiota.
- SMF 9: Strongly burrowed bioclastic wackestone
- SMF 10: Bioclastic packstone and wackestone with abraded and worn skeletal grains
- SMF 11: Coated bioclastic grainstone
- SMF 12: Limestone with shell concentrations. Subtypes characterize shell-providing fossils
- SMF 13: Oncoid rudstone and grainstone
- SMF 14: Lag deposit
- SMF 15: Oolite, commonly grainstone but also wackestone. Subtypes highlight the structure of ooids
- SMF 16: Peloid grainstone and packstone. Subtypes differentiate non-laminated and Iaminated rocks
- SMF 17: Grainstone with aggregate grains (grapestones)
- SMF 18: Bioclastic grainstone and packstone with abundant and rock-building benthic foraminifera or calcareous green algae. Subtypes describe the systematic assignment of the various groups
- SMF 19: Densely Iaminated bindstone
- SMF 20: Laminated stromatolitic bindstone/boundstone
- SMF 21: Fenestral packstone and bindstone. Subtypes characterize fenestral voids and the contribution of calcimicrobes
- SMF 22: Oncoid floatstone and wackestone
- SMF 23: Non-laminated homogenaus micrite or microsparite without fossils
- SMF 24: Lithoclastic floatstone, rudstone or breccia
- SMF 25: Laminated evaporite-carbonate mudstone
- SMF 26: Pisoid cementstone, rudstone or packstone""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S103_Facies_Zone a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Einteilung der Kalksteine in grobe Fazieszonen, die die Umweltbedingungen zur Zeit der Ablagerung/ Entstehung des Gesteins wiederspiegeln.

Z.B.
- FZ 1A Deep Sea
- FZ 1B Cratonic deep-water basin
- FZ 2 Deep shelf
- FZ 3 Toe-of-slope apron (deep shelf margin)
- FZ 4 Slope
- FZ 5 Platform-margin reef
- FZ 6 Platform-margin sand shoals
- FZ 7 Platform interior – normal marine (open marine)
- FZ 8 Platform interior – restricted
- FZ 9A Arid platform interior – evaporitic
- FZ 9B Humid platform interior – brackish (humid)
- FZ 10 Humid and arid often subaerially exposed, meteorically influenced limestons""",
        """Instances of this class describe the division of limestone into coarse facies that reflect the environmental conditions at the time of deposit/rock formation.

E.g.

- FZ 1A Deep Sea
- FZ 1B Cratonic deep-water basin
- FZ 2 Deep shelf
- FZ 3 Toe-of-slope apron (deep shelf margin)
- FZ 4 Slope
- FZ 5 Platform-margin reef
- FZ 6 Platform-margin sand shoals
- FZ 7 Platform interior – normal marine (open marine)
- FZ 8 Platform interior – restricted
- FZ 9A Arid platform interior – evaporitic
- FZ 9B Humid platform interior – brackish (humid)
- FZ 10 Humid and arid often subaerially exposed, meteorically influenced limestons""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S104_Paleoclima a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Einteilung der Kalksteine in klimatische Zonen, wie sie zur Zeit der Ablagerung/ Entstehung der Gesteine vorlagen. 

Z.B.
- tropical
 - subtropical
 - temperate
 - polar
 - warm temperate
 - cold temperate
 - tropical/subtropical""",
        """This class includes the classification of limestones into climatic zones, as they existed at the time of the deposit/formation of the rocks. 

E.g.
- tropical
- subtropical
- temperate
- polar
- warm temperate
- cold temperate
- tropical/subtropical""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S109_Component_Taxon a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die jeweiligen Komponentenbezeichnungen der in S95_Component_Type definierten Übergruppen.

Z.B. Corals (Rugosa), Algae (Phylloid)""",
        """This class comprises the terms of components defined by S95 Component Type.

E.g. Corals (Rugosa), Algae (Phylloid)""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S110_Component a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Komponenten, die in den Gesteinen auftreten und die die Gesteine zusammen mit Matrix und Zementen aufbauen. 

Z.B. Corals (Rugosa), Algae (Phylloid)""",
        """This class comprises the components found in the rocks that build the rocks together with matrix and cements. 

E.g. Corals (Rugosa), Algae (Phylloid)""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E26_Physical_Feature> .

:S112_Orientation_Type a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Annotations:
Diese Klasse umfasst die Art der Ausrichtung der Komponenten im Gestein. Hier ist besonders Einregelung und Ausrichtung der Komponenten von Interesse. Diese werden definiert in Flügel 2004. 

Z.B. imbricated, cross-bedded""",
        """This class includes the type of alignment of the components in the rock. This class is of special interest for the adjustment and alignment of the components. These are defined in Flügel 2004. 

E.g. imbricated, cross-bedded""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S113_Bioerosion_Type a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Instances of this class describe the type of bioerosion found in the components (S110) within a rock (E77 Persistent Item). Traces of bioerosion can be bore holes and other life traces of organisms.
 
E.g. 
- fungi borings
- clavate bivalve""",
        """Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die Art der Bioerosion, die in den Komponenten (S110) innerhalb eines Gesteins (E77 Persistent Item) zu finden sind. Spuren von Bioerosion können Bohrgänge und andere Lebensspuren von Organismen sein.
 
Z.B. 
- fungi borings
- clavate bivalve""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S114_Microfacies_Criteria a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Annotations:
Diese Klasse umfasst Überbegriffe, welche die Mikrofazies eines Gesteines beschreiben. Diese Überbegriffe beschreiben oftmals Gefüge innerhalb des Gesteins. 

Z.B.
- open space structures
- pores
- geopetals""",
        """This class includes generic terms that describe the microfacies of a rock. These terms often describe the structure within the rock. 

E.g. 
- open space structures
- pores
- geopetals""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S115_Diagenetic_Features a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment "",
        """Instances of this class describe microstructures that were formed during the diagenesis of a rock (E77 Persistent Item). Diagenesis = the geological process of solidification of sediments and further alteration of the resulting sedimentary rocks under relatively low pressures and temperatures until their erosion. 

e.g.
- Dolomite classification according to Flügel 2004
- Cement classification also by wing 2004
- Description of the matrix of a rock
- other diagenetic characteristics such as columns""",
        """Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben Gefüge, die während der Diagenese eines Gesteins (E77 Persistent Item) entstanden sind (Diagenese = der geologische Prozess der Verfestigung von Sedimenten und der weiteren Veränderung der dadurch entstandenen Sedimentgesteine unter verhältnismäßig niedrigen Drücken und Temperaturen bis zu ihrer Abtragung). 

z.B.
- Dolomitklassifikation nach Flügel 2004
- Zementklassifikation ebenfalls nach Flügel 2004
- Beschreibung der Matrix eines Gesteins
- weitere diagenetische Charakteristika wie Spalten""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S116_Microfacies_Criteria_Assignment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse beschreibt den Vorgang einer Zuteilung von S114 Microfacies Criteria zu einem E77 Persistent Item, das in einer S2 Rock Genesis entstanden ist.

Z.B. 
- Zuweisung der "Open Space Structures nach Flügel" zu einem Dünnschliff
- Zuweisung der "Geopetals nach Flügel" zu einem Dünnschliff
- Zuweisung der "Porosity Classification nach Choquette und Pray von 1970" zu einem Dünnschliff""",
        """This class describes the process of assigning S114 Microfacies Criteria to an E77 Persistent Item created in an S2 Rock Genesis.

E.G. 
- Assignment of "Open Space Structures by Flügel" to a thin section
- Assignment of "Geopetals by Flügel" to a thin section
- Assignment of the "Porosity Classification to Choquette and Pray of 1970" to a thin section""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E17_Type_Assignment> .

:S117_Diagenetic_Features_Assignment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse beschreibt den Vorgang einer Zuweisung von S116 Diagenetic Features zu einem E77 Persistent Item, das in einer S2 Rock Genesis entstanden ist.

Z.B.
- Zuweisung der "Dolomite Classification nach Flügel" zu einem Dünnschliff
- Zuweisung der Matrix zu einem Dünnschliff
- Zuweisung der Zemente zu einem Dünnschliff""",
        """This class describes the process of assigning S116 Diagenetic features to an E77 Persistent Item created in a S2 Rock Genesis.

E.g.
- Assignment of the "Dolomite Classification by Wing" to a thin section
- Assignment of the matrix to a thin section
- Allocation of cements to a thin section""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E17_Type_Assignment> .

:S118_Open_Space_Structures a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Instances of this class describe the classification of so-called "Open Space Structures" according to Flügel 2004. 

E.g.
- bird eyes
- fenestral fabrics
- stromatactis""",
        """Instanzen dieser Klasse beschreiben die Klassifikation sog. Open Space Structures (offene, poröse Strukturen im Gefüge) nach Flügel 2004. 

Z.B.
- bird eyes
- fenestral fabrics
- stromatactis""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S119_Pores a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Instances of this class comprise the Porosity Classification of Choquette and Pray of 1970, which describes the structure of rocks (E77 Persistent Item) in open, porous structures. 

E.g.
- fabric-selective pores
- growth framework porosity
- fenestral porosity
- shelter porosity""",
        """Instanzen dieser Klasse umfassen die sog. Porosity Classification of Choquette and Pray von 1970. Diese Klassifikation beschreibt Gefüge in Gesteinen (E77 Persistent Item) in offene, poröse Strukturen. 

Z.B.
- fabric-selective pores
- growth framework porosity
- fenestral porosity
- shelter porosity""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S120_Geopetals a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Klassifizierung von Strukturen, die die Ausrichtung eines Gesteins (E77 Persistent Item) indizieren (oben vs. unten). Diese werden gemeinhin Wasserwagen genannt und sind nach Flügel 2004 klassifiziert.

Z.B. 
- Umbrella structures
- vadose silt""",
        """This class comprises the classification of structures that indicate the orientation of a rock (E77 Persistent Item) top vs. bottom. These are commonly referred to as water wagons and are classified by Flügel 2004.

E.g. 
- Umbrella structures
- vadose silt""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S121_Dolomites a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst die Klassifikation von Dolomit-Mineralen nach Flügel innerhalb des Gesteins (E77 Persistent Item).

Z.B. Pseudo-dolomite""",
        """This class comprises the classification of dolomite minerals by Flügel within the rock (E77 Persistent Item).

E.g. pseudo-dolomites""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S122_Cements a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse beschreibt die Arten der in Gesteinen (E77 Persistent Item) vorzufindenden Zemente. Die Klassifizierung folgt Flügel 2004. 

Z.B. 
- isopacheous
- bladed""",
        """This class describes the types of cements found in rocks (E77 Persistent Item). The classification follows Flügel 2004. 

E.G. 
- isopacheous
- bladed""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S123_Matrix a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse beschreibt die Arten der in Gesteinen (E77 Persistent Item) vorzufindenden Matrix. Die Klassifizierung folgt Flügel 2004. 

Z.B. 
- Micrite
- Microspar
- Pseudospar""",
        """This class describes the types of matrix to be found in rocks (E77 Persistent Item). The classification follows Flügel 2004. 

E.g. 
- micrites
- microspar
- pseudospar""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S97_Local_Stratigraphic_Period a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfassend lokale stratigraphische Perioden, die durch das Internationale Komitee für Stratigraphie definiert sind. Diese haben keine globalen Ausmaße, sondern sind einzig lokal zu finden. Da die Stratigraphie hierarchisch strukturiert ist, sind die lokalen Perioden gewöhnlich unterhalb der globalen Perioden in der offiziellen Internationalen Stratigraphie Tabelle zu finden.

Z.B. Wiesbadener Formation""",
        """This class includes local stratigraphic periods defined by the International Committee for Stratigraphy. These have no global dimensions, but are only found locally. Since stratigraphy is hierarchically structured, the local periods are usually found below the global periods in the official International Stratigraphy Table.
 
E.g. Wiesbadener Formation""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E4_Period> .

:S99_Global_Stratigraphic_Period a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst globale stratigraphische Perioden, in der ein E77 Persistent Item innerhalb einer S2_Rock_Genesis (E63 Beginning of Existence) entstanden ist.
Die globalen stratigraphischen Perioden sind durch das Internationale Komitee für Stratigraphie definiert und haben überregionale, respektive globale, Ausmaße. Es wird empfohlen die gemäß des Internationalen Komitees für Stratigraphie definierten Einheiten zu verwenden (System, Serie, Stufe).

Beispiel:
Das Entstehen eines Karbonats vor 21 Millionen Jahren fällt in die Stufe "Aquitanian", welche Teil der Serie "Miocene" ist, welche Teil des Systems "Neogene" ist.""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E4_Period> .

<http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E27_Site> rdfs:comment "Facies is the past environment in which the fossil or rock sedimented. It is not the same as the deposit and typically exhibits (or rather, exhibited) other properties." .

:N1i_is_component_of a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :S95_Component_Type ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/P45i_is_incorporated_in> .

:N2i_was_environment_for a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :S96_Environment_of_Rock_Genesis ;
    rdfs:range :S2_Rock_Genesis ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/P8i_witnessed> .

:N3i_describes a owl:ObjectProperty ;
    rdfs:domain :S98_Characteristics_of_the_Environment ;
    rdfs:range :S108_Environment ;
    rdfs:subPropertyOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/P2i_is_type_of> .

:S2_Rock_Genesis a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst Ereignisse, die ein E77 Persistent Item hervorbringen und die gleichzeitig deren geologisches Alter oder Geol Alter (ICC) eines E77 Persistent Item definieren, dem nach Angaben des Internationalen Komitees für Stratigraphie eine präzise, global gültige Einheit (System, Serie, Stufe) zugeordnet ist. 
Diese Einheit ist aufgeführt unter S99 Global Stratigraphic Period (ICS). Des Weiteren werden diese Einheiten weiter unterteilt in lokale Formationen und Gruppen unter Geol. Age (Formation & Member). Diese Einheiten sind aufgeführt unter S97 Local Stratigraphic Period. 

Beispiel:
Das Entstehen eines Karbonats vor 21 Millionen Jahren. (Die Entstehung fällt in die Stufe Aquitanian (S99), die Teil der Serie Miocene (S99) ist, die wiederum Teil des Systemes Neogene (S99) ist. Auf lokaler Ebene (S97) wurde dieses Karbonat der Wiesbadener Formation zugeordnet.""",
        """This class comprises events that bring into existence an E77 Persistent Item and which simultaneously define their geological age or Geol Age (ICC) of an E77 Persistent Item to which, according to the International Committee for Stratigraphy, a precise, globally valid unit (system, series, level) is assigned. 
This unit is listed under S99 Global Stratigraphic Period (ICS). Furthermore, these units are further subdivided into local formations and groups under Geol. Age (Formation & Member). These units are listed under S97 Local Stratigraphic Period. 

Example:
The formation of a carbonate 21 million years ago. (The formation falls into the stage Aquitanian (S99), which is part of the series Miocene (S99), which in turn is part of the system Neogene (S99). At the local level (S97), this carbonate was assigned to the Wiesbaden Formation.""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E63_Beginning_of_Existence> .

:S95_Component_Type a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst Arten von Komponenten (S110), die in einem E77 Persistent Item enthalten sind, und die durch das Ereignis S2 Rock Genesis aufgrund biogener oder nicht-biogener Aktivität entstanden sind.

Z.B. 

- biogenic components (=Carbonatkomponenten, die durch biogene Aktivität entstanden sind, wie z.B. Hartteile von Organismen wie Skelette)
- non-skeletal grains (=Carbonatkomponenten, die nicht auf Mikroorganismen, Invertebraten u.a. oder deren Reste zurückzuführen sind)""",
        """This class includes types of components (S110) contained in an E77 Persistent Item that have been formed by the S2 Rock Genesis event due to biogenic or non-biogenic activity.

E.G. 

- biogenic components (= carbonate components that are formed by biogenic activity, such as hard parts of organisms like skeletons)
- non-skeletal grains (= carbonate components that are not attributable to microorganisms, invertebrates etc. or their residues)""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E57_Material> .

:S96_Environment_of_Rock_Genesis a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse beschreibt Umweltbedingungen zur Zeit der Ablagerung des jeweiligen Gesteines (S2 Rock Genesis), welche man unter dem Begriff „Fazies“ zusammenfassen kann. Dieses unterscheidet sich normalerweise enorm von der Fazies, in der das Gestein heute gefunden wurde. Die Fazies eines Gesteins wird durch die entsprechenden Charakteristika des Gesteins selber bestimmt bzw. abgeleitet. 

Z.B. "Above fair weather wave base\"""",
        """This class describes environmental conditions at the time of the deposition of the respective rock (S2 Rock Genesis), which can be summarized under the term "Facies". This usually differs enormously from the facies in which the rock was found today. The facies of a rock are determined or derived by the corresponding characteristics of the rock itself. 

E.g. "Above fair weather wave base\"""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf :S108_Environment .

:S98_Characteristics_of_the_Environment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """Diese Klasse umfasst Begriffe, die die Ablagerungsfazies eines Gesteins beschreiben (S96 Environment of Rock Genesis).

Z.B.
- Above fair weather wave base
- Between fair weather wave base and storm wave base
- Below storm wave base
- Indicators for photic zone
- No indicators for photic zone
- Tropical carbonate
- Warmwater carbonate
- Coldwater carbonate""",
        """This class holds terms to describe the S96 Environment of Rock Genesis.

E.g.
- Above fair weather wave base
- Between fair weather wave base and storm wave base
- Below storm wave base
- Indicators for photic zone
- No indicators for photic zone
- Tropical carbonate
- Warmwater carbonate
- Coldwater carbonate""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E55_Type> .

:S108_Environment a owl:Class ;
    rdfs:comment """This class is used to describes the physical aspects of the location of an object or -- more precisely -- the physical conditions surrounding an event. A typical example is its finding spot.

No restriction is made as to the extent and form of the environment.""" ;
    rdfs:subClassOf <http://erlangen-crm.org/170309/E27_Site> .